"""Preview generation worker subprocess and synchronous preview engine.

Two modes are supported:
1) Legacy one-shot mode: argv has path/quality/maxsize/maxzoom.
2) Long-lived mode: read framed requests from stdin and write framed responses.

Framed request format (stdin):
    (uint32 json size)(uint32 data size)(json)(binary data)

Framed response format (stdout):
    (blake3(packet))(uint32 json size)(uint32 payload size)(json)(binary payload)
where packet = (uint32 json size)(uint32 payload size)(json)(binary payload).
"""

import contextlib
import gc
import io
import logging
import mimetypes
import os

# Silence the SVT-AV1 encoder's stderr spam, set log level ERROR
os.environ.setdefault("SVT_LOG", "1")

import shlex
import signal
import struct
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
from time import perf_counter

import av
import msgspec
import numpy as np
import pymupdf
import pyvips
import tracerite
from blake3 import blake3

from cista import config
from cista.util.logformat import format_level_prefix

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class _WorkerLogFormatter(logging.Formatter):
    """Emoji level prefix like the main process, tagged with the worker pid."""

    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
        prefix = format_level_prefix(record.levelno)
        return f"{prefix}worker[{os.getpid()}]: {record.getMessage()}"


AVIF_FAST_EFFORT = 0

DOC_PREVIEW_SUFFIXES = {".pdf", ".xps", ".epub", ".mobi"}

OFFICE_PREVIEW_SUFFIXES = {
    ".doc",
    ".dot",
    ".docx",
    ".docm",
    ".dotx",
    ".dotm",
    ".rtf",
    ".odt",
    ".ott",
    ".txt",
    ".md",
    ".mhtml",
    ".mht",
    ".html",
    ".htm",
    ".xml",
    ".wps",
    ".wri",
    # Spreadsheets
    ".xls",
    ".xlsx",
    ".xlsm",
    ".xlsb",
    ".xltx",
    ".xltm",
    ".ods",
    ".ots",
    ".csv",
    # Presentations
    ".ppt",
    ".pptx",
    ".pptm",
    ".pps",
    ".ppsx",
    ".pot",
    ".potx",
    ".odp",
    ".otp",
}


class PreviewRequest(msgspec.Struct, omit_defaults=True):
    path: str
    quality: int
    maxsize: int
    maxzoom: float


class PreviewResponse(msgspec.Struct, omit_defaults=True):
    ok: bool
    mime: str | None = None
    backend: str | None = None
    timings: list[float] | None = None
    error: str | None = None
    stderr: str | None = None
    width: int | None = None
    height: int | None = None


_enc = msgspec.json.Encoder()
_dec_req = msgspec.json.Decoder(PreviewRequest)


def _read_exactly(f, n: int) -> bytes:
    buf = b""
    while len(buf) < n:
        chunk = f.read(n - len(buf))
        if not chunk:
            raise EOFError
        buf += chunk
    return buf


def _read_request() -> tuple[PreviewRequest, bytes] | None:
    try:
        header = _read_exactly(sys.stdin.buffer, 8)
    except EOFError:
        return None
    json_size, data_size = struct.unpack("<II", header)
    meta_raw = _read_exactly(sys.stdin.buffer, json_size)
    data = b""
    if data_size:
        data = _read_exactly(sys.stdin.buffer, data_size)
    req = _dec_req.decode(meta_raw)
    return req, data


# Raw stdout buffer reserved for the binary protocol once main() redirects
# Python-level stdout to stderr. None means "use sys.stdout.buffer as-is"
# (CLI single-shot mode, where real stdout is wanted).
_protocol_out = None


def _write_response(resp: PreviewResponse, payload: bytes) -> None:
    out = _protocol_out if _protocol_out is not None else sys.stdout.buffer
    meta_bytes = _enc.encode(resp)
    packet = struct.pack("<II", len(meta_bytes), len(payload)) + meta_bytes + payload
    checksum = blake3(packet).digest()
    out.write(checksum)
    out.write(packet)
    out.flush()


def dispatch(path, quality, maxsize, maxzoom, data=None):
    backend = "unknown"
    try:
        if data:
            backend = "pyvips"
            return process_image_buffer(
                data, quality=quality, maxsize=maxsize, maxzoom=maxzoom
            )
        suffix = path.suffix.lower()
        if suffix in DOC_PREVIEW_SUFFIXES:
            backend = "pdf"
            return process_pdf(path, quality=quality, maxsize=maxsize, maxzoom=maxzoom)
        mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(path.name)
        if mime_type and mime_type.startswith("video/"):
            backend = "video"
            return process_video(path, quality=quality, maxsize=maxsize)
        if mime_type and mime_type.startswith("image/"):
            backend = "pyvips"
            return process_image(path, quality=quality, maxsize=maxsize)
    except ValueError as e:
        return None, PreviewResponse(ok=False, backend=backend, error=str(e))
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception("Preview dispatch failed for %s", path)
        return None, PreviewResponse(ok=False, backend=backend, error=str(e))
    return None, PreviewResponse(ok=False, backend=backend, error="preview unsupported")


def process_image(path, *, maxsize, quality):
    return process_image_pyvips(path, maxsize=maxsize, quality=quality)


def _get_image_dimensions(path: Path) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
    """Probe image dimensions.

    pyvips can read the header of most formats (including HEIC) without
    fully decoding the image.
    """
    try:
        img = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(str(path))
        img = img.autorot()
    except pyvips.error.Error:
        return None
    else:
        return img.width, img.height


def _image_via_ffmpeg(path: Path, maxsize: int, quality: int) -> bytes:
    """Convert any image to AVIF using ffmpeg CLI.

    ffmpeg handles HEIC tile assembly, HDR metadata and ICC profile embedding
    automatically. Note: -vf cannot be used here — HEIC tile assembly feeds
    the stream from a complex filtergraph, which conflicts with simple -vf
    filtering; scaling must use the -s output option instead.
    """
    dims = _get_image_dimensions(path)
    crf = int(63 * (1 - quality / 100) ** 2)
    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".avif", delete=False) as tmp_f:
        tmp_path = tmp_f.name
    cmd = [
        "ffmpeg",
        # Keep error messages, drop the banner/config/stream-mapping spam.
        "-hide_banner",
        "-loglevel",
        "error",
        "-nostats",
        # No interactive keyboard prompts ("Press [q] to stop ...").
        "-nostdin",
        "-y",
        "-i",
        str(path),
        "-frames:v",
        "1",
        "-c:v",
        "av1",
        "-crf",
        str(crf),
        "-cpu-used",
        "8",
        tmp_path,
    ]
    if dims is not None:
        w, h = dims
        if max(w, h) > maxsize:
            scale = min(maxsize / w, maxsize / h)
            new_w = int(w * scale)
            new_h = int(h * scale)
            # insert -s <wxh> right after the input file
            input_index = cmd.index(str(path)) + 1
            cmd.insert(input_index, "-s")
            cmd.insert(input_index + 1, f"{new_w}x{new_h}")
    try:
        try:
            # stdin=DEVNULL is critical: ffmpeg must not inherit the worker's
            # stdin, which carries the framed request protocol. An inherited
            # stdin lets ffmpeg eat protocol bytes and, if the worker is
            # killed mid-conversion, keeps the orphaned ffmpeg holding the
            # pipe open so the parent's proc.wait() hangs forever.
            subprocess.run(  # noqa: S603
                cmd,
                capture_output=True,
                check=True,
                shell=False,
                stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            shell_cmd = shlex.join(cmd)
            stderr = (e.stderr or b"").decode(errors="replace").strip()
            if stderr:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"ffmpeg failed (exit {e.returncode}):\n{shell_cmd}\n{stderr}"
                ) from e
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"ffmpeg failed (exit {e.returncode}):\n{shell_cmd}"
            ) from e
        with Path(tmp_path).open("rb") as f:
            return f.read()
    finally:
        Path(tmp_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)


def process_image_pyvips(path, *, maxsize, quality):
    t_start = perf_counter()
    suffix = path.suffix.lower()

    # HEIC/HEIF/AVIF: ffmpeg handles tile assembly and HDR correctly;
    # skip pyvips entirely (pyvips drops CICP colour metadata, turning
    # HDR sources into washed-out SDR previews).
    if suffix in (".heic", ".heif", ".avif"):
        dims = _get_image_dimensions(path)
        width, height = dims or (None, None)
        ret = _image_via_ffmpeg(path, maxsize, quality)
        t_end = perf_counter()
        return ret, PreviewResponse(
            ok=True,
            mime="image/avif",
            backend="ffmpeg",
            timings=[round((t_end - t_start) * 1000, 1)],
            width=width,
            height=height,
        )

    # Other image formats: pyvips only. ffmpeg is not a useful fallback
    # here — when pyvips cannot decode a file, ffmpeg's image decoders
    # cannot either, and their failure output is far noisier.
    try:
        img = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(str(path), access="sequential")
        if img.get_typeof("orientation") and img.get("orientation") != 1:
            # autorot's rot90 reads pixels out of order, which sequential
            # access cannot do — reopen with random access when rotating.
            img = pyvips.Image.new_from_file(str(path)).autorot()
        orig_w, orig_h = img.width, img.height
        scale = min(maxsize / img.width, maxsize / img.height, 1.0)
        if scale < 1.0:
            img = img.resize(scale)
        ret = img.write_to_buffer(
            ".avif",
            Q=quality,
            effort=AVIF_FAST_EFFORT,
            keep="none",
        )
    except pyvips.error.Error as e:
        raise ValueError(f"cannot decode image: {e}") from e
    backend = "pyvips"
    t_end = perf_counter()

    return ret, PreviewResponse(
        ok=True,
        mime="image/avif",
        backend=backend,
        timings=[round((t_end - t_start) * 1000, 1)],
        width=orig_w,
        height=orig_h,
    )


def process_image_buffer(data: bytes, *, quality, maxsize, maxzoom):
    _ = maxzoom
    t_start = perf_counter()
    img = pyvips.Image.new_from_buffer(data, "")
    img = img.autorot()
    orig_w, orig_h = img.width, img.height
    scale = min(maxsize / img.width, maxsize / img.height, 1.0)
    if scale < 1.0:
        img = img.resize(scale)
    ret = img.write_to_buffer(
        ".avif",
        Q=quality,
        effort=AVIF_FAST_EFFORT,
        keep="none",
    )
    t_end = perf_counter()

    return ret, PreviewResponse(
        ok=True,
        mime="image/avif",
        backend="pyvips",
        timings=[round((t_end - t_start) * 1000, 1)],
        width=orig_w,
        height=orig_h,
    )


def process_pdf(path, *, maxsize, maxzoom, quality, page_number=0):
    t_load_start = perf_counter()
    with pymupdf.open(path) as pdf:
        page = pdf.load_page(page_number)
        w, h = page.rect[2:4]
        zoom = min(maxsize / w, maxsize / h, maxzoom)
        mat = pymupdf.Matrix(zoom, zoom)
        pix = page.get_pixmap(matrix=mat)
        t_load_end = perf_counter()

        t_save_start = perf_counter()
        img = pyvips.Image.new_from_memory(
            pix.samples_mv, pix.width, pix.height, pix.n, "uchar"
        )
    ret = img.write_to_buffer(".avif", Q=quality, effort=AVIF_FAST_EFFORT, keep="none")
    backend = "pdf+pyvips"
    t_save_end = perf_counter()

    return ret, PreviewResponse(
        ok=True,
        mime="image/avif",
        backend=backend,
        timings=[
            round((t_load_end - t_load_start) * 1000, 1),
            round((t_save_end - t_save_start) * 1000, 1),
        ],
        width=round(w),
        height=round(h),
    )


def _rotate_frame_yuv(frame, k):
    """Rotate a planar YUV420 frame by k*90° counter-clockwise, keeping its format.

    Rotating each plane independently preserves the pixel format (including
    10-bit HDR formats like yuv420p10le, which PyAV exposes as uint16 planes)
    and the source colorspace.
    """
    fmt = frame.format
    w, h = frame.width, frame.height
    if (
        not fmt.is_planar
        or fmt.chroma_width(w) * 2 != w
        or fmt.chroma_height(h) * 2 != h
    ):
        raise ValueError(f"unsupported format for YUV rotation: {fmt.name}")
    planes = frame.to_ndarray()
    y, u, v = (
        planes[:h],
        planes[h : h + h // 4].reshape(h // 2, w // 2),
        planes[h + h // 4 :].reshape(h // 2, w // 2),
    )
    planes = np.hstack(
        [p.flat for p in (np.rot90(y, k), np.rot90(u, k), np.rot90(v, k))]
    )
    new_width = w if k % 2 == 0 else h
    return av.VideoFrame.from_ndarray(planes.reshape(-1, new_width), format=fmt.name)


def process_video(path, *, maxsize, quality):
    frame = None
    imgdata = io.BytesIO()
    istream = ostream = icc = occ = frame = None
    t_load_start = perf_counter()
    # Initialize to avoid "possibly unbound" in static analysis when exceptions occur
    t_load_end = t_load_start
    t_save_start = t_load_start
    t_save_end = t_load_start
    with (
        av.open(
            str(path),
            options={
                "analyzeduration": "1000000",  # 1 second (in microseconds)
                "fflags": "fastseek",
            },
        ) as icontainer,
        av.open(imgdata, "w", format="avif") as ocontainer,
    ):
        istream = icontainer.streams.video[0]
        istream.codec_context.skip_frame = "NONKEY"
        icontainer.seek((icontainer.duration or 0) // 8)
        for frame in icontainer.decode(istream):
            if frame.dts is not None:
                break
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("No frames found in video")

        # Resize frame to thumbnail size
        # Capture display dimensions before resize (accounting for rotation)
        disp_w = frame.width
        disp_h = frame.height
        if frame.rotation in (90, 270):
            disp_w, disp_h = disp_h, disp_w
        if frame.width > maxsize or frame.height > maxsize:
            scale_factor = min(maxsize / frame.width, maxsize / frame.height)
            new_width = int(frame.width * scale_factor)
            new_height = int(frame.height * scale_factor)
            frame = frame.reformat(width=new_width, height=new_height)

        # Apply display-matrix rotation if present
        if frame.rotation:
            # frame.rotation indicates clockwise rotation needed to display correctly
            k = (frame.rotation // 90) % 4  # Convert to counter-clockwise rotations
            frame = _rotate_frame_yuv(frame, k)

        # libsvtav1 rejects full-range JPEG-style YUV pixel formats such as
        # yuvj420p, so normalize them before opening the encoder.
        if frame.format.name.startswith("yuvj"):
            frame = frame.reformat(format="yuv420p")
        t_load_end = perf_counter()

        t_save_start = perf_counter()
        crf = str(int(63 * (1 - quality / 100) ** 2))  # Closely matching PIL quality-%
        ostream = ocontainer.add_stream(
            "av1",
            options={
                "crf": crf,
                "usage": "realtime",
                "cpu-used": "8",
                "threads": "1",
            },
        )
        if not isinstance(ostream, av.VideoStream):
            raise TypeError("failed to initialize AV1 video stream")
        ostream.width = frame.width
        ostream.height = frame.height
        ostream.pix_fmt = frame.format.name
        icc = istream.codec_context
        occ = ostream.codec_context

        # Copy HDR metadata from input video stream
        occ.color_primaries = icc.color_primaries
        occ.color_trc = icc.color_trc
        occ.colorspace = icc.colorspace
        occ.color_range = icc.color_range

        ocontainer.mux(ostream.encode(frame))
        ocontainer.mux(ostream.encode(None))  # Flush the stream
        t_save_end = perf_counter()

    # Capture result before cleanup
    ret = imgdata.getvalue()
    resp = PreviewResponse(
        ok=True,
        mime="image/avif",
        backend="video",
        timings=[
            round((t_load_end - t_load_start) * 1000, 1),
            round((t_save_end - t_save_start) * 1000, 1),
        ],
        width=disp_w,
        height=disp_h,
    )
    del imgdata, istream, ostream, icc, occ, frame
    gc.collect()
    return ret, resp


def _run_once() -> None:
    if len(sys.argv) != 5:
        sys.stderr.write(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <path> <quality> <maxsize> <maxzoom>\n")
        sys.exit(1)

    path = Path(sys.argv[1])
    quality = int(sys.argv[2])
    maxsize = int(sys.argv[3])
    maxzoom = float(sys.argv[4])
    result, _ = dispatch(path, quality, maxsize, maxzoom)
    if result:
        sys.stdout.buffer.write(result)
        sys.stdout.buffer.flush()


def _run_loop() -> None:
    while True:
        result = _read_request()
        if result is None:
            return
        req, data = result
        stderr_capture = io.StringIO()
        handler = logging.StreamHandler(stderr_capture)
        root_logger = logging.getLogger()
        root_logger.addHandler(handler)
        try:
            with contextlib.redirect_stderr(stderr_capture):
                result, resp = dispatch(
                    Path(req.path), req.quality, req.maxsize, req.maxzoom, data
                )
            if not resp.ok:
                captured = stderr_capture.getvalue().strip()
                if captured:
                    resp = PreviewResponse(
                        ok=False,
                        backend=resp.backend,
                        error=resp.error,
                        stderr=captured,
                    )
            _write_response(resp, result or b"")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Preview worker error for %s", req.path)
            captured = stderr_capture.getvalue().strip()
            _write_response(
                PreviewResponse(ok=False, error=str(e), stderr=captured or None), b""
            )
        finally:
            root_logger.removeHandler(handler)
            handler.close()


def main() -> None:
    # Format tracebacks like the main process.
    tracerite.load()
    # Configure all log output to stderr before any imports that may emit
    # logs. stderr is inherited by the parent, so this lands in the server
    # log, formatted like the main process and tagged with the worker pid.
    handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
    handler.setFormatter(_WorkerLogFormatter())
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, handlers=[handler])
    # pyvips is chatty at INFO ("threadpool completed ..." per operation).
    logging.getLogger("pyvips").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    try:
        config.load_config()
    except Exception:
        logger.exception("preview-worker failed to load config at startup")
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        _run_once()
        return
    # Ctrl-C SIGINTs the whole process group; the parent pool terminates us
    # (and our stdin EOF exits us) — don't dump KeyboardInterrupt tracebacks.
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN)
    # The command channel is a binary protocol on fd 1. Anything printed to
    # stdout by Python code (e.g. a library emitting a warning via print())
    # would corrupt the protocol, so redirect Python-level stdout to stderr
    # (the server log) and keep the raw buffer solely for protocol traffic.
    global _protocol_out
    _protocol_out = sys.stdout.buffer
    sys.stdout = sys.stderr
    # Eagerly import heavy modules before signalling readiness so the parent
    # does not hand us a request while we are still initialising.
    _protocol_out.write(b"\x01")
    _protocol_out.flush()
    _run_loop()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()