Cleanup implementation

sanic/app.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from functools import partial
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from os import environ
 from socket import socket
-from traceback import format_exc
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -54,12 +53,7 @@ from sanic.blueprint_group import BlueprintGroup
 from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
 from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, enable_windows_color_support
 from sanic.config import SANIC_PREFIX, Config
-from sanic.exceptions import (
-    BadRequest,
-    SanicException,
-    ServerError,
-    URLBuildError,
-)
+from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, SanicException, URLBuildError
 from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
 from sanic.helpers import _default
 from sanic.http import Stage
@@ -83,7 +77,7 @@ from sanic.models.futures import (
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType, MiddlewareType
 from sanic.models.handler_types import Sanic as SanicVar
 from sanic.request import Request
-from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse, ResponseStream
+from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse
 from sanic.router import Router
 from sanic.server.websockets.impl import ConnectionClosed
 from sanic.signals import Signal, SignalRouter
@@ -709,265 +703,15 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 
     async def handle_exception(
-        self, request: Request, exception: BaseException
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        exception: BaseException,
+        run_middleware: bool = True,
     ):  # no cov
-        """
-        A handler that catches specific exceptions and outputs a response.
-
-        :param request: The current request object
-        :param exception: The exception that was raised
-        :raises ServerError: response 500
-        """
-        await self.dispatch(
-            "http.lifecycle.exception",
-            inline=True,
-            context={"request": request, "exception": exception},
-        )
-
-        if (
-            request.stream is not None
-            and request.stream.stage is not Stage.HANDLER
-        ):
-            error_logger.exception(exception, exc_info=True)
-            logger.error(
-                "The error response will not be sent to the client for "
-                f'the following exception:"{exception}". A previous response '
-                "has at least partially been sent."
-            )
-
-            handler = self.error_handler._lookup(
-                exception, request.name if request else None
-            )
-            if handler:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "An error occurred while handling the request after at "
-                    "least some part of the response was sent to the client. "
-                    "The response from your custom exception handler "
-                    f"{handler.__name__} will not be sent to the client."
-                    "Exception handlers should only be used to generate the "
-                    "exception responses. If you would like to perform any "
-                    "other action on a raised exception, consider using a "
-                    "signal handler like "
-                    '`@app.signal("http.lifecycle.exception")`\n'
-                    "For further information, please see the docs: "
-                    "https://sanicframework.org/en/guide/advanced/"
-                    "signals.html",
-                )
-            return
-
-        # -------------------------------------------- #
-        # Request Middleware
-        # -------------------------------------------- #
-        response = await self._run_request_middleware(
-            request, request_name=None
-        )
-        # No middleware results
-        if not response:
-            try:
-                response = self.error_handler.response(request, exception)
-                if isawaitable(response):
-                    response = await response
-            except Exception as e:
-                if isinstance(e, SanicException):
-                    response = self.error_handler.default(request, e)
-                elif self.debug:
-                    response = HTTPResponse(
-                        (
-                            f"Error while handling error: {e}\n"
-                            f"Stack: {format_exc()}"
-                        ),
-                        status=500,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    response = HTTPResponse(
-                        "An error occurred while handling an error", status=500
-                    )
-        if response is not None:
-            try:
-                request.reset_response()
-                response = await request.respond(response)
-            except BaseException:
-                # Skip response middleware
-                if request.stream:
-                    request.stream.respond(response)
-                await response.send(end_stream=True)
-                raise
-        else:
-            if request.stream:
-                response = request.stream.response
-
-        # Marked for cleanup and DRY with handle_request/handle_exception
-        # when ResponseStream is no longer supporder
-        if isinstance(response, BaseHTTPResponse):
-            await self.dispatch(
-                "http.lifecycle.response",
-                inline=True,
-                context={
-                    "request": request,
-                    "response": response,
-                },
-            )
-            await response.send(end_stream=True)
-        elif isinstance(response, ResponseStream):
-            resp = await response(request)
-            await self.dispatch(
-                "http.lifecycle.response",
-                inline=True,
-                context={
-                    "request": request,
-                    "response": resp,
-                },
-            )
-            await response.eof()
-        else:
-            raise ServerError(
-                f"Invalid response type {response!r} (need HTTPResponse)"
-            )
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     async def handle_request(self, request: Request):  # no cov
-        """Take a request from the HTTP Server and return a response object
-        to be sent back The HTTP Server only expects a response object, so
-        exception handling must be done here
-
-        :param request: HTTP Request object
-        :return: Nothing
-        """
-        await self.dispatch(
-            "http.lifecycle.handle",
-            inline=True,
-            context={"request": request},
-        )
-
-        # Define `response` var here to remove warnings about
-        # allocation before assignment below.
-        response = None
-        try:
-
-            await self.dispatch(
-                "http.routing.before",
-                inline=True,
-                context={"request": request},
-            )
-            # Fetch handler from router
-            route, handler, kwargs = self.router.get(
-                request.path,
-                request.method,
-                request.headers.getone("host", None),
-            )
-
-            request._match_info = {**kwargs}
-            request.route = route
-
-            await self.dispatch(
-                "http.routing.after",
-                inline=True,
-                context={
-                    "request": request,
-                    "route": route,
-                    "kwargs": kwargs,
-                    "handler": handler,
-                },
-            )
-
-            if (
-                request.stream
-                and request.stream.request_body
-                and not route.ctx.ignore_body
-            ):
-
-                if hasattr(handler, "is_stream"):
-                    # Streaming handler: lift the size limit
-                    request.stream.request_max_size = float("inf")
-                else:
-                    # Non-streaming handler: preload body
-                    await request.receive_body()
-
-            # -------------------------------------------- #
-            # Request Middleware
-            # -------------------------------------------- #
-            response = await self._run_request_middleware(
-                request, request_name=route.name
-            )
-
-            # No middleware results
-            if not response:
-                # -------------------------------------------- #
-                # Execute Handler
-                # -------------------------------------------- #
-
-                if handler is None:
-                    raise ServerError(
-                        (
-                            "'None' was returned while requesting a "
-                            "handler from the router"
-                        )
-                    )
-
-                # Run response handler
-                await self.dispatch(
-                    "http.handler.before",
-                    inline=True,
-                    context={"request": request},
-                )
-                response = handler(request, **request.match_info)
-                if isawaitable(response):
-                    response = await response
-                await self.dispatch(
-                    "http.handler.after",
-                    inline=True,
-                    context={"request": request},
-                )
-
-            if request.responded:
-                if response is not None:
-                    error_logger.error(
-                        "The response object returned by the route handler "
-                        "will not be sent to client. The request has already "
-                        "been responded to."
-                    )
-                if request.stream is not None:
-                    response = request.stream.response
-            elif response is not None:
-                response = await request.respond(response)
-            elif not hasattr(handler, "is_websocket"):
-                response = request.stream.response  # type: ignore
-
-            # Marked for cleanup and DRY with handle_request/handle_exception
-            # when ResponseStream is no longer supporder
-            if isinstance(response, BaseHTTPResponse):
-                await self.dispatch(
-                    "http.lifecycle.response",
-                    inline=True,
-                    context={
-                        "request": request,
-                        "response": response,
-                    },
-                )
-                ...
-                await response.send(end_stream=True)
-            elif isinstance(response, ResponseStream):
-                resp = await response(request)
-                await self.dispatch(
-                    "http.lifecycle.response",
-                    inline=True,
-                    context={
-                        "request": request,
-                        "response": resp,
-                    },
-                )
-                await response.eof()
-            else:
-                if not hasattr(handler, "is_websocket"):
-                    raise ServerError(
-                        f"Invalid response type {response!r} "
-                        "(need HTTPResponse)"
-                    )
-
-        except CancelledError:
-            raise
-        except Exception as e:
-            # Response Generation Failed
-            await self.handle_exception(request, e)
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
     async def _websocket_handler(
         self, handler, request, *args, subprotocols=None, **kwargs
@@ -1036,20 +780,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 
     async def _run_request_middleware(
-        self, request, request_name=None
+        self, request, middleware_collection
     ):  # no cov
-        # The if improves speed.  I don't know why
-        named_middleware = self.named_request_middleware.get(
-            request_name, deque()
-        )
-        applicable_middleware = self.request_middleware + named_middleware
+        request._request_middleware_started = True
 
-        # request.request_middleware_started is meant as a stop-gap solution
-        # until RFC 1630 is adopted
-        if applicable_middleware and not request.request_middleware_started:
-            request.request_middleware_started = True
-
-            for middleware in applicable_middleware:
+        for middleware in middleware_collection:
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.middleware.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -1079,14 +814,9 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         return None
 
     async def _run_response_middleware(
-        self, request, response, request_name=None
+        self, request, response, middleware_collection
     ):  # no cov
-        named_middleware = self.named_response_middleware.get(
-            request_name, deque()
-        )
-        applicable_middleware = self.response_middleware + named_middleware
-        if applicable_middleware:
-            for middleware in applicable_middleware:
+        for middleware in middleware_collection:
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.middleware.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -1528,6 +1258,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         except FinalizationError as e:
             if not Sanic.test_mode:
                 raise e
+        self.finalize_middleware()
 
     def signalize(self, allow_fail_builtin=True):
         self.signal_router.allow_fail_builtin = allow_fail_builtin

sanic/asgi.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 
 from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.handlers import RequestManager
 from sanic.helpers import _default
 from sanic.http import Stage
 from sanic.log import logger
@@ -230,8 +231,9 @@ class ASGIApp:
         """
         Handle the incoming request.
         """
+        manager = RequestManager.create(self.request)
         try:
             self.stage = Stage.HANDLER
-            await self.sanic_app.handle_request(self.request)
+            await manager.handle()
         except Exception as e:
-            await self.sanic_app.handle_exception(self.request, e)
+            await manager.error(e)

sanic/handlers.py

@@ -1,16 +1,317 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import isawaitable
+from traceback import format_exc
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
+from sanic_routing import Route
+
 from sanic.errorpages import BaseRenderer, TextRenderer, exception_response
 from sanic.exceptions import (
     HeaderNotFound,
     InvalidRangeType,
     RangeNotSatisfiable,
+    SanicException,
+    ServerError,
 )
-from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
+from sanic.http.constants import Stage
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
-from sanic.response import text
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse, ResponseStream, text
+from sanic.touchup import TouchUpMeta
+
+
+class RequestHandler:
+    def __init__(self, func, request_middleware, response_middleware):
+        self.func = func.func if isinstance(func, RequestHandler) else func
+        self.request_middleware = request_middleware
+        self.response_middleware = response_middleware
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class RequestManager(metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
+    __touchup__ = (
+        "cleanup",
+        "run_request_middleware",
+        "run_response_middleware",
+    )
+    __slots__ = (
+        "handler",
+        "request_middleware_run",
+        "request_middleware",
+        "request",
+        "response_middleware_run",
+        "response_middleware",
+    )
+    request: Request
+
+    def __init__(self, request: Request):
+        self.request_middleware_run = False
+        self.response_middleware_run = False
+        self.handler = self._noop
+        self.set_request(request)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(cls, request: Request) -> RequestManager:
+        return cls(request)
+
+    def set_request(self, request: Request):
+        request._manager = self
+        self.request = request
+        self.request_middleware = request.app.request_middleware
+        self.response_middleware = request.app.response_middleware
+
+    async def handle(self):
+        route = self.resolve_route()
+
+        if self.handler is None:
+            await self.error(
+                ServerError(
+                    (
+                        "'None' was returned while requesting a "
+                        "handler from the router"
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            return
+
+        if (
+            self.request.stream
+            and self.request.stream.request_body
+            and not route.ctx.ignore_body
+        ):
+            await self.receive_body()
+
+        await self.lifecycle(
+            partial(self.handler, self.request, **self.request.match_info)
+        )
+
+    async def lifecycle(self, handler, raise_exception: bool = False):
+        response: Optional[BaseHTTPResponse] = None
+        if not self.request_middleware_run and self.request_middleware:
+            response = await self.run(
+                self.run_request_middleware, raise_exception
+            )
+
+        if not response:
+            # Run response handler
+            response = await self.run(handler, raise_exception)
+
+        if not self.response_middleware_run and self.response_middleware:
+            response = await self.run(
+                partial(self.run_response_middleware, response),
+                raise_exception,
+            )
+
+        await self.cleanup(response)
+
+    async def run(
+        self, operation, raise_exception: bool = False
+    ) -> Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]:
+        try:
+            response = operation()
+            if isawaitable(response):
+                response = await response
+        except Exception as e:
+            if raise_exception:
+                raise
+            response = await self.error(e)
+        return response
+
+    async def error(self, exception: Exception):
+        error_handler = self.request.app.error_handler
+        if (
+            self.request.stream is not None
+            and self.request.stream.stage is not Stage.HANDLER
+        ):
+            error_logger.exception(exception, exc_info=True)
+            logger.error(
+                "The error response will not be sent to the client for "
+                f'the following exception:"{exception}". A previous response '
+                "has at least partially been sent."
+            )
+
+            handler = error_handler._lookup(
+                exception, self.request.name if self.request else None
+            )
+            if handler:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "An error occurred while handling the request after at "
+                    "least some part of the response was sent to the client. "
+                    "The response from your custom exception handler "
+                    f"{handler.__name__} will not be sent to the client."
+                    "Exception handlers should only be used to generate the "
+                    "exception responses. If you would like to perform any "
+                    "other action on a raised exception, consider using a "
+                    "signal handler like "
+                    '`@app.signal("http.lifecycle.exception")`\n'
+                    "For further information, please see the docs: "
+                    "https://sanicframework.org/en/guide/advanced/"
+                    "signals.html",
+                )
+            return
+
+        try:
+            await self.lifecycle(
+                partial(error_handler.response, self.request, exception), True
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            if isinstance(e, SanicException):
+                response = error_handler.default(self.request, e)
+            elif self.request.app.debug:
+                response = HTTPResponse(
+                    (
+                        f"Error while handling error: {e}\n"
+                        f"Stack: {format_exc()}"
+                    ),
+                    status=500,
+                )
+            else:
+                error_logger.exception(e)
+                response = HTTPResponse(
+                    "An error occurred while handling an error", status=500
+                )
+            return response
+        return None
+
+    async def cleanup(self, response: Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]):
+        if self.request.responded:
+            if response is not None:
+                error_logger.error(
+                    "The response object returned by the route handler "
+                    "will not be sent to client. The request has already "
+                    "been responded to."
+                )
+            if self.request.stream is not None:
+                response = self.request.stream.response
+        elif response is not None:
+            self.request.reset_response()
+            response = await self.request.respond(response)  # type: ignore
+        elif not hasattr(self.handler, "is_websocket"):
+            response = self.request.stream.response  # type: ignore
+
+        if isinstance(response, BaseHTTPResponse):
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.lifecycle.response",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": response},
+            )
+            await response.send(end_stream=True)
+        elif isinstance(response, ResponseStream):
+            await response(self.request)  # type: ignore
+            await response.eof()  # type: ignore
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.lifecycle.response",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": response},
+            )
+        else:
+            if not hasattr(self.handler, "is_websocket"):
+                raise ServerError(
+                    f"Invalid response type {response!r} "
+                    "(need HTTPResponse)"
+                )
+
+    async def receive_body(self):
+        if hasattr(self.handler, "is_stream"):
+            # Streaming handler: lift the size limit
+            self.request.stream.request_max_size = float("inf")
+        else:
+            # Non-streaming handler: preload body
+            await self.request.receive_body()
+
+    async def run_request_middleware(self) -> Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]:
+        self.request._request_middleware_started = True
+        self.request_middleware_run = True
+
+        for middleware in self.request_middleware:
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.middleware.before",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": None},
+                condition={"attach_to": "request"},
+            )
+
+            try:
+                response = await self.run(partial(middleware, self.request))
+            except Exception:
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    "Exception occurred in one of request middleware handlers"
+                )
+                raise
+
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.middleware.after",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": None},
+                condition={"attach_to": "request"},
+            )
+
+            if response:
+                return response
+        return None
+
+    async def run_response_middleware(
+        self, response: BaseHTTPResponse
+    ) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
+        self.response_middleware_run = True
+        for middleware in self.response_middleware:
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.middleware.before",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": None},
+                condition={"attach_to": "request"},
+            )
+
+            try:
+                resp = await self.run(
+                    partial(middleware, self.request, response), True
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    "Exception occurred in one of response middleware handlers"
+                )
+                await self.error(e)
+                resp = None
+
+            await self.request.app.dispatch(
+                "http.middleware.after",
+                inline=True,
+                context={"request": self.request, "response": None},
+                condition={"attach_to": "request"},
+            )
+
+            if resp:
+                return resp
+        return response
+
+    def resolve_route(self) -> Route:
+        # Fetch handler from router
+        route, handler, kwargs = self.request.app.router.get(
+            self.request.path,
+            self.request.method,
+            self.request.headers.getone("host", None),
+        )
+
+        self.request._match_info = {**kwargs}
+        self.request.route = route
+        self.handler = handler
+
+        if handler and handler.request_middleware:
+            self.request_middleware = handler.request_middleware
+
+        if handler and handler.response_middleware:
+            self.response_middleware = handler.response_middleware
+
+        return route
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _noop(_):
+        ...
 
 
 class ErrorHandler:

sanic/http/http1.py

@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
                 self.stage = Stage.HANDLER
                 self.request.conn_info = self.protocol.conn_info
-                await self.protocol.request_handler(self.request)
+
+                await self.request.manager.handle()
 
                 # Handler finished, response should've been sent
                 if self.stage is Stage.HANDLER and not self.upgrade_websocket:
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             transport=self.protocol.transport,
             app=self.protocol.app,
         )
+        self.protocol.request_handler.create(request)
         self.protocol.request_class._current.set(request)
         await self.dispatch(
             "http.lifecycle.request",
@@ -423,12 +425,11 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         # From request and handler states we can respond, otherwise be silent
         if self.stage is Stage.HANDLER:
-            app = self.protocol.app
-
             if self.request is None:
                 self.create_empty_request()
+                self.protocol.request_handler.create(self.request)
 
-            await app.handle_exception(self.request, exception)
+            await self.request.manager.error(exception)
 
     def create_empty_request(self) -> None:
         """

sanic/middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import deque
+from enum import IntEnum, auto
+from itertools import count
+from typing import Deque, Sequence, Union
+
+from sanic.models.handler_types import MiddlewareType
+
+
+class MiddlewareLocation(IntEnum):
+    REQUEST = auto()
+    RESPONSE = auto()
+
+
+class Middleware:
+    _counter = count()
+
+    __slots__ = ("func", "priority", "location", "definition")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: MiddlewareType,
+        location: MiddlewareLocation = MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST,
+        priority: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.func = func
+        self.priority = priority
+        self.location = location
+        self.definition = next(Middleware._counter)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        name = getattr(self.func, "__name__", str(self.func))
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}("
+            f"func=<function {name}>, "
+            f"priority={self.priority}, "
+            f"location={self.location.name})"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def order(self):
+        return (self.priority, -self.definition)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def convert(
+        cls,
+        *middleware_collections: Sequence[Union[Middleware, MiddlewareType]],
+        location: MiddlewareLocation,
+    ) -> Deque[Middleware]:
+        return deque(
+            [
+                middleware
+                if isinstance(middleware, Middleware)
+                else Middleware(middleware, location)
+                for collection in middleware_collections
+                for middleware in collection
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def reset_count(cls):
+        cls._counter = count()

sanic/mixins/middleware.py

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+from collections import deque
 from functools import partial
+from operator import attrgetter
 from typing import List
 
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+from sanic.handlers import RequestHandler
+from sanic.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareLocation
 from sanic.models.futures import FutureMiddleware
+from sanic.router import Router
 
 
 class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    router: Router
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
         self._future_middleware: List[FutureMiddleware] = []
 
@@ -13,7 +20,12 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
 
     def middleware(
-        self, middleware_or_request, attach_to="request", apply=True
+        self,
+        middleware_or_request,
+        attach_to="request",
+        apply=True,
+        *,
+        priority=0
     ):
         """
         Decorate and register middleware to be called before a request
@@ -30,6 +42,12 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         def register_middleware(middleware, attach_to="request"):
             nonlocal apply
 
+            location = (
+                MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST
+                if attach_to == "request"
+                else MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE
+            )
+            middleware = Middleware(middleware, location, priority=priority)
             future_middleware = FutureMiddleware(middleware, attach_to)
             self._future_middleware.append(future_middleware)
             if apply:
@@ -46,7 +64,7 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                 register_middleware, attach_to=middleware_or_request
             )
 
-    def on_request(self, middleware=None):
+    def on_request(self, middleware=None, *, priority=0):
         """Register a middleware to be called before a request is handled.
 
         This is the same as *@app.middleware('request')*.
@@ -54,11 +72,13 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         :param: middleware: A callable that takes in request.
         """
         if callable(middleware):
-            return self.middleware(middleware, "request")
+            return self.middleware(middleware, "request", priority=priority)
         else:
-            return partial(self.middleware, attach_to="request")
+            return partial(
+                self.middleware, attach_to="request", priority=priority
+            )
 
-    def on_response(self, middleware=None):
+    def on_response(self, middleware=None, *, priority=0):
         """Register a middleware to be called after a response is created.
 
         This is the same as *@app.middleware('response')*.
@@ -67,6 +87,61 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             A callable that takes in a request and its response.
         """
         if callable(middleware):
-            return self.middleware(middleware, "response")
+            return self.middleware(middleware, "response", priority=priority)
         else:
-            return partial(self.middleware, attach_to="response")
+            return partial(
+                self.middleware, attach_to="response", priority=priority
+            )
+
+    def finalize_middleware(self):
+        for route in self.router.routes:
+            request_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+                self.request_middleware,
+                self.named_request_middleware.get(route.name, deque()),
+                location=MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST,
+            )
+            response_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+                self.response_middleware,
+                self.named_response_middleware.get(route.name, deque()),
+                location=MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE,
+            )
+
+            route.handler = RequestHandler(
+                route.handler,
+                deque(
+                    sorted(
+                        request_middleware,
+                        key=attrgetter("order"),
+                        reverse=True,
+                    )
+                ),
+                deque(
+                    sorted(
+                        response_middleware,
+                        key=attrgetter("order"),
+                        reverse=True,
+                    )[::-1]
+                ),
+            )
+        request_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+            self.request_middleware,
+            location=MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST,
+        )
+        response_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+            self.response_middleware,
+            location=MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE,
+        )
+        self.request_middleware = deque(
+            sorted(
+                request_middleware,
+                key=attrgetter("order"),
+                reverse=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.response_middleware = deque(
+            sorted(
+                response_middleware,
+                key=attrgetter("order"),
+                reverse=True,
+            )[::-1]
+        )

sanic/request.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from contextvars import ContextVar
+from functools import partial
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from sanic.models.http_types import Credentials
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic.handlers import RequestManager
     from sanic.server import ConnInfo
     from sanic.app import Sanic
 
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ from urllib.parse import parse_qs, parse_qsl, unquote, urlunparse
 from httptools import parse_url
 from httptools.parser.errors import HttpParserInvalidURLError
 
-from sanic.compat import CancelledErrors, Header
+from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.constants import (
     CACHEABLE_HTTP_METHODS,
     DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE,
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ from sanic.headers import (
     parse_xforwarded,
 )
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.protocol_types import TransportProtocol
 from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse
 
@@ -99,10 +101,12 @@ class Request:
         "_cookies",
         "_id",
         "_ip",
+        "_manager",
         "_parsed_url",
         "_port",
         "_protocol",
         "_remote_addr",
+        "_request_middleware_started",
         "_scheme",
         "_socket",
         "_stream_id",
@@ -126,7 +130,6 @@ class Request:
         "parsed_token",
         "raw_url",
         "responded",
-        "request_middleware_started",
         "route",
         "stream",
         "transport",
@@ -178,10 +181,11 @@ class Request:
         self.parsed_not_grouped_args: DefaultDict[
             Tuple[bool, bool, str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]
         ] = defaultdict(list)
-        self.request_middleware_started = False
+        self._request_middleware_started = False
         self.responded: bool = False
         self.route: Optional[Route] = None
         self.stream: Optional[Stream] = None
+        self._manager: Optional[RequestManager] = None
         self._cookies: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
         self._match_info: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         self._protocol = None
@@ -219,6 +223,16 @@ class Request:
     def generate_id(*_):
         return uuid.uuid4()
 
+    @property
+    def request_middleware_started(self):
+        deprecation(
+            "Request.request_middleware_started has been deprecated and will"
+            "be removed. You should set a flag on the request context using"
+            "either middleware or signals if you need this feature.",
+            22.3,
+        )
+        return self._request_middleware_started
+
     @property
     def stream_id(self):
         """
@@ -233,6 +247,10 @@ class Request:
             )
         return self._stream_id
 
+    @property
+    def manager(self):
+        return self._manager
+
     def reset_response(self):
         try:
             if (
@@ -323,15 +341,13 @@ class Request:
             if isawaitable(response):
                 response = await response  # type: ignore
         # Run response middleware
-        try:
-            response = await self.app._run_response_middleware(
-                self, response, request_name=self.name
-            )
-        except CancelledErrors:
-            raise
-        except Exception:
-            error_logger.exception(
-                "Exception occurred in one of response middleware handlers"
+        if (
+            self._manager
+            and not self._manager.response_middleware_run
+            and self._manager.response_middleware
+        ):
+            response = await self._manager.run(
+                partial(self._manager.run_response_middleware, response)
             )
         self.responded = True
         return response

sanic/router.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from sanic_routing.route import Route
 from sanic.constants import HTTP_METHODS
 from sanic.errorpages import check_error_format
 from sanic.exceptions import MethodNotAllowed, NotFound, SanicException
+from sanic.handlers import RequestHandler
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
 
 
@@ -31,9 +32,11 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
 
     def _get(
         self, path: str, method: str, host: Optional[str]
-    ) -> Tuple[Route, RouteHandler, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    ) -> Tuple[Route, RequestHandler, Dict[str, Any]]:
         try:
-            return self.resolve(
+            # We know this will always be RequestHandler, so we can ignore
+            # typing issue here
+            return self.resolve(  # type: ignore
                 path=path,
                 method=method,
                 extra={"host": host} if host else None,
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
     @lru_cache(maxsize=ROUTER_CACHE_SIZE)
     def get(  # type: ignore
         self, path: str, method: str, host: Optional[str]
-    ) -> Tuple[Route, RouteHandler, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    ) -> Tuple[Route, RequestHandler, Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Retrieve a `Route` object containing the details about how to handle
         a response for a given request
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
         :type request: Request
         :return: details needed for handling the request and returning the
             correct response
-        :rtype: Tuple[ Route, RouteHandler, Dict[str, Any]]
+        :rtype: Tuple[ Route, RequestHandler, Dict[str, Any]]
         """
         return self._get(path, method, host)
 
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
 
         params = dict(
             path=uri,
-            handler=handler,
+            handler=RequestHandler(handler, [], []),
             methods=frozenset(map(str, methods)) if methods else None,
             name=name,
             strict=strict_slashes,

sanic/server/protocols/http_protocol.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
+from sanic.handlers import RequestManager
 from sanic.http.constants import HTTP
 from sanic.http.http3 import Http3
 from sanic.touchup.meta import TouchUpMeta
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class HttpProtocolMixin:
     def _setup(self):
         self.request: Optional[Request] = None
         self.access_log = self.app.config.ACCESS_LOG
-        self.request_handler = self.app.handle_request
+        self.request_handler = RequestManager
         self.error_handler = self.app.error_handler
         self.request_timeout = self.app.config.REQUEST_TIMEOUT
         self.response_timeout = self.app.config.RESPONSE_TIMEOUT

setup.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ ujson = "ujson>=1.35" + env_dependency
 uvloop = "uvloop>=0.5.3" + env_dependency
 types_ujson = "types-ujson" + env_dependency
 requirements = [
-    "sanic-routing>=22.3.0,<22.6.0",
+    "sanic-routing>=22.8.0",
     "httptools>=0.0.10",
     uvloop,
     ujson,

tests/test_app.py

@@ -152,8 +152,11 @@ def test_app_route_raise_value_error(app: Sanic):
 
 
 def test_app_handle_request_handler_is_none(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
+    mock = Mock()
+    mock.handler = None
+
     def mockreturn(*args, **kwargs):
-        return Mock(), None, {}
+        return mock, None, {}
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(app.router, "get", mockreturn)
 

tests/test_middleware.py

@@ -2,12 +2,22 @@ import logging
 
 from asyncio import CancelledError
 from itertools import count
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
 
 from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
+from sanic.middleware import Middleware
 from sanic.request import Request
 from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, json, text
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_middleware():
+    yield
+    Middleware.reset_count()
+
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------ #
 #  GET
 # ------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -183,7 +193,7 @@ def test_middleware_response_raise_exception(app, caplog):
     with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR):
         reqrequest, response = app.test_client.get("/fail")
 
-    assert response.status == 404
+    assert response.status == 500
     # 404 errors are not logged
     assert (
         "sanic.error",
@@ -318,6 +328,15 @@ def test_middleware_return_response(app):
         resp1 = await request.respond()
         return resp1
 
-    _, response = app.test_client.get("/")
+    app.test_client.get("/")
     assert response_middleware_run_count == 1
     assert request_middleware_run_count == 1
+
+
+def test_middleware_object():
+    mock = Mock()
+    middleware = Middleware(mock)
+    middleware(1, 2, 3, answer=42)
+
+    mock.assert_called_once_with(1, 2, 3, answer=42)
+    assert middleware.order == (0, 0)

tests/test_middleware_priority.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from functools import partial
+
+import pytest
+
+from sanic import Sanic
+from sanic.response import json
+
+
+PRIORITY_TEST_CASES = (
+    ([0, 1, 2], [1, 1, 1]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [1, 1, None]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [1, None, None]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [2, 1, None]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [2, 2, None]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]),
+    ([0, 1, 2], [None, None, None]),
+    ([0, 2, 1], [1, None, 1]),
+    ([0, 2, 1], [2, None, 1]),
+    ([0, 2, 1], [2, None, 2]),
+    ([0, 2, 1], [3, 1, 2]),
+    ([1, 0, 2], [1, 2, None]),
+    ([1, 0, 2], [2, 3, 1]),
+    ([1, 0, 2], [None, 1, None]),
+    ([1, 2, 0], [1, 3, 2]),
+    ([1, 2, 0], [None, 1, 1]),
+    ([1, 2, 0], [None, 2, 1]),
+    ([1, 2, 0], [None, 2, 2]),
+    ([2, 0, 1], [1, None, 2]),
+    ([2, 0, 1], [2, 1, 3]),
+    ([2, 0, 1], [None, None, 1]),
+    ([2, 1, 0], [1, 2, 3]),
+    ([2, 1, 0], [None, 1, 2]),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "expected,priorities",
+    PRIORITY_TEST_CASES,
+)
+def test_request_middleware_order_priority(app: Sanic, expected, priorities):
+    order = []
+
+    def add_ident(request, ident):
+        order.append(ident)
+
+    @app.get("/")
+    def handler(request):
+        return json(None)
+
+    for ident, priority in enumerate(priorities):
+        kwargs = {}
+        if priority is not None:
+            kwargs["priority"] = priority
+        app.on_request(partial(add_ident, ident=ident), **kwargs)
+
+    app.test_client.get("/")
+
+    assert order == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "expected,priorities",
+    PRIORITY_TEST_CASES,
+)
+def test_response_middleware_order_priority(app: Sanic, expected, priorities):
+    order = []
+
+    def add_ident(request, response, ident):
+        order.append(ident)
+
+    @app.get("/")
+    def handler(request):
+        return json(None)
+
+    for ident, priority in enumerate(priorities):
+        kwargs = {}
+        if priority is not None:
+            kwargs["priority"] = priority
+        app.on_response(partial(add_ident, ident=ident), **kwargs)
+
+    app.test_client.get("/")
+
+    assert order[::-1] == expected