Merge branch 'main' into accept-enhance

Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com>

.coveragerc

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ source = sanic
 omit =
     site-packages
     sanic/__main__.py
+    sanic/server/legacy.py
     sanic/compat.py
-    sanic/reloader_helpers.py
     sanic/simple.py
     sanic/utils.py
     sanic/cli
+    sanic/pages
 
 [html]
 directory = coverage
@@ -21,12 +22,4 @@ exclude_lines =
     NOQA
     pragma: no cover
     TYPE_CHECKING
-omit =
-    site-packages
-    sanic/__main__.py
-    sanic/compat.py
-    sanic/reloader_helpers.py
-    sanic/simple.py
-    sanic/utils.py
-    sanic/cli
 skip_empty = True

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: 🐞 Bug report
+description: Create a report to help us improve
+labels: ["bug", "triage"]
+body:
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: existing
+    attributes:
+      label: Is there an existing issue for this?
+      description: Please search to see if an issue already exists for the bug you encountered.
+      options:
+      - label: I have searched the existing issues
+        required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Describe the bug
+      description: A clear and concise description of what the bug is, make sure to paste any exceptions and tracebacks using markdown code-block syntax to make it easier to read.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: code
+    attributes:
+      label: Code snippet
+      description: Relevant source code, make sure to remove what is not necessary.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected Behavior
+      description: A concise description of what you expected to happen.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: running
+    attributes:
+      label: How do you run Sanic?
+      options:
+        - Sanic CLI
+        - As a module
+        - As a script (`app.run` or `Sanic.serve`)
+        - ASGI
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating System
+      description: What OS?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Sanic Version
+      description: Check startup logs or try `sanic --version`
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add any other context about the problem here.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Create a report to help us improve
-
----
-
-**Describe the bug**
-A clear and concise description of what the bug is, make sure to paste any exceptions and tracebacks.
-
-
-**Code snippet**
-Relevant source code, make sure to remove what is not necessary.
-
-
-**Expected behavior**
-A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
-
-
-**Environment (please complete the following information):**
- - OS: [e.g. iOS]
- - Version [e.g. 0.8.3]
-
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
+blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: Questions and Help
     url: https://community.sanicframework.org/c/questions-and-help
     about: Do you need help with Sanic? Ask your questions here.
+  - name: Discussion and Support
+    url: https://discord.gg/FARQzAEMAA
+    about: For live discussion and support, checkout the Sanic Discord server.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: 🌟 Feature request
+description: Suggest an enhancement for Sanic
+labels: ["feature request"]
+body:
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: existing
+    attributes:
+      label: Is there an existing issue for this?
+      description: Please search to see if an issue already exists for the enhancement you are proposing.
+      options:
+      - label: I have searched the existing issues
+        required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
+      description: A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: code
+    attributes:
+      label: Describe the solution you'd like
+      description: A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add any other context about the problem here.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature request
-about: Suggest an idea for Sanic
-
----
-
-**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
-A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
-
-
-**Describe the solution you'd like**
-A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
-
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context or sample code about the feature request here.

.github/workflows/pr-bandit.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: security}
           - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: security}
           - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: security}
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: security}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v2

.github/workflows/pr-docs.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         config:
-          - {python-version: "3.8", tox-env: "docs"}
+          - {python-version: "3.10", tox-env: "docs"}
       fail-fast: false
 
 

.github/workflows/pr-linter.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
         config:
-          - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: lint}
+          - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: lint}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v2

.github/workflows/pr-python311.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Python 3.11 Tests
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "*LTS"
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review]
+
+jobs:
+  testPy311:
+    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+    name: ut-${{ matrix.config.tox-env }}-${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+        config:
+          - {
+              python-version: "3.11",
+              tox-env: py311,
+              ignore-error-flake: "false",
+              command-timeout: "0",
+            }
+          - {
+              python-version: "3.11",
+              tox-env: py311-no-ext,
+              ignore-error-flake: "true",
+              command-timeout: "600000",
+            }
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        id: checkout-branch
+
+      - name: Run Unit Tests
+        uses: harshanarayana/custom-actions@main
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.config.python-version }}
+          test-infra-tool: tox
+          test-infra-version: latest
+          action: tests
+          test-additional-args: "-e=${{ matrix.config.tox-env }},-vv=''"
+          experimental-ignore-error: "${{ matrix.config.ignore-error-flake }}"
+          command-timeout: "${{ matrix.config.command-timeout }}"
+          test-failure-retry: "3"

.github/workflows/pr-type-check.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: type-checking}
           - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: type-checking}
           - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: type-checking}
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: type-checking}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout the repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v2

.github/workflows/pr-windows.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ jobs:
           - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: py38-no-ext }
           - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: py39-no-ext }
           - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: py310-no-ext }
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: py310-no-ext }
           - { python-version: pypy-3.7, tox-env: pypy37-no-ext }
 
     steps:

.github/workflows/publish-images.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository

.github/workflows/publish-package.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8"]
+        python-version: ["3.10"]
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Repository

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ Version 21.3.0
     `#2074 <https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2074>`_
     Performance adjustments in ``handle_request_``
 
-Version 20.12.3 🔷
+Version 20.12.3
-------------------
+---------------
 
 `Current LTS version`
 
@@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ Version 19.12.5
     `#2027 <https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2027>`_
     Remove old chardet requirement, add in hard multidict requirement
 
-Version 20.12.0 🔹
+Version 20.12.0
------------------
+---------------
 
 **Features**
 

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
 ## Enforcement
 
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
-reported by contacting the project team at sanic-maintainers@googlegroups.com. All
+reported by contacting the project team at adam@sanicframework.org. All
 complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
 is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
 obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ To execute only unittests, run ``tox`` with environment like so:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   tox -e py36 -v -- tests/test_config.py
-   # or
    tox -e py37 -v -- tests/test_config.py
+   # or
+   tox -e py310 -v -- tests/test_config.py
 
 Run lint checks
 ---------------

README.rst

@@ -102,9 +102,6 @@ Installation
   If you are running on a clean install of Fedora 28 or above, please make sure you have the ``redhat-rpm-config`` package installed in case if you want to
   use ``sanic`` with ``ujson`` dependency.
 
-.. note::
-
-  Windows support is currently "experimental" and on a best-effort basis. Multiple workers are also not currently supported on Windows (see `Issue #1517 <https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/issues/1517>`_), but setting ``workers=1`` should launch the server successfully.
 
 Hello World Example
 -------------------

SECURITY.md

@@ -4,13 +4,22 @@
 
 Sanic releases long term support release once a year in December. LTS releases receive bug and security updates for **24 months**. Interim releases throughout the year occur every three months, and are supported until the subsequent interim release.
 
+
 | Version | LTS           | Supported               |
-| ------- | ------------- | ------------------ |
+| ------- | ------------- | ----------------------- |
-| 20.12   | until 2022-12 | :heavy_check_mark: |
+| 22.12   | until 2024-12 | :white_check_mark:      |
+| 22.9    |               | :x:                     |
+| 22.6    |               | :x:                     |
+| 22.3    |               | :x:                     |
+| 21.12   | until 2023-12 | :ballot_box_with_check: |
+| 21.9    |               | :x:                     |
+| 21.6    |               | :x:                     |
+| 21.3    |               | :x:                     |
+| 20.12   |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.9    |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.6    |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.3    |               | :x:                     |
-| 19.12   | until 2021-12 | :white_check_mark: |
+| 19.12   |               | :x:                     |
 | 19.9    |               | :x:                     |
 | 19.6    |               | :x:                     |
 | 19.3    |               | :x:                     |
@@ -24,11 +33,13 @@ Sanic releases long term support release once a year in December. LTS releases r
 | 0.2.0   |               | :x:                     |
 | 0.1.9   |               | :x:                     |
 
-:white_check_mark: = security/bug fixes
+:ballot_box_with_check: = security/bug fixes 
-:heavy_check_mark: = full support
+:white_check_mark: = full support
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
 If you discover a security vulnerability, we ask that you **do not** create an issue on GitHub. Instead, please [send a message to the core-devs](https://community.sanicframework.org/g/core-devs) on the community forums. Once logged in, you can send a message to the core-devs by clicking the message button.
 
+Alternatively, you can send a private message to Adam Hopkins on Discord. Find him on the [Sanic discord server](https://discord.gg/FARQzAEMAA).
+
 This will help to not publicize the issue until the team can address it and resolve it.

codecov.yml

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ codecov:
 ignore:
   - "sanic/__main__.py"
   - "sanic/compat.py"
-  - "sanic/reloader_helpers.py"
   - "sanic/simple.py"
   - "sanic/utils.py"
-  - "sanic/cli"
+  - "sanic/cli/"
+  - "sanic/pages/"
   - ".github/"
   - "changelogs/"
   - "docker/"

docs/_static/custom.css

@@ -2,3 +2,12 @@
 .wy-nav-top {
   background: #444444;
 }
+
+#changelog section {
+  padding-left: 3rem;
+}
+
+#changelog section h2,
+#changelog section h3 {
+  margin-left: -3rem;
+}

docs/sanic/changelog.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 📜 Changelog
 ============
 
+.. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.12.md
+.. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.9.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.6.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.3.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/21/21.12.md

docs/sanic/releases/22/22.12.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+## Version 22.12.0 🔶
+
+_Current version_
+
+### Features
+
+- [#2569](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2569) Add `JSONResponse` class with some convenient methods when updating a response object
+- [#2598](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2598) Change `uvloop` requirement to `>=0.15.0`
+- [#2609](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2609) Add compatibility with `websockets` v11.0
+- [#2610](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2610) Kill server early on worker error
+    - Raise deadlock timeout to 30s
+- [#2617](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2617) Scale number of running server workers
+- [#2621](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2621) [#2634](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2634) Send `SIGKILL` on subsequent `ctrl+c` to force worker exit
+- [#2622](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2622) Add API to restart all workers from the multiplexer
+- [#2624](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2624) Default to `spawn` for all subprocesses unless specifically set:
+    ```python
+    from sanic import Sanic
+    
+    Sanic.start_method = "fork"
+    ```
+- [#2625](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2625) Filename normalisation of form-data/multipart file uploads
+- [#2626](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2626) Move to HTTP Inspector:
+    - Remote access to inspect running Sanic instances
+    - TLS support for encrypted calls to Inspector
+    - Authentication to Inspector with API key
+    - Ability to extend Inspector with custom commands
+- [#2632](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2632) Control order of restart operations
+- [#2633](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2633) Move reload interval to class variable
+- [#2636](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2636) Add `priority` to `register_middleware` method
+- [#2639](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2639) Add `unquote` to `add_route` method
+- [#2640](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2640) ASGI websockets to receive `text` or `bytes`
+
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2607](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2607) Force socket shutdown before close to allow rebinding
+- [#2590](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2590) Use actual `StrEnum` in Python 3.11+
+- [#2615](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2615) Ensure middleware executes only once per request timeout
+- [#2627](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2627) Crash ASGI application on lifespan failure
+- [#2635](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2635) Resolve error with low-level server creation on Windows
+
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+
+- [#2608](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2608) [#2630](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2630) Signal conditions and triggers saved on `signal.extra` 
+- [#2626](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2626) Move to HTTP Inspector
+    - 🚨 *BREAKING CHANGE*: Moves the Inspector to a Sanic app from a simple TCP socket with a custom protocol
+    - *DEPRECATE*: The `--inspect*` commands have been deprecated in favor of `inspect ...` commands
+- [#2628](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2628) Replace deprecated `distutils.strtobool`
+
+
+### Developer infrastructure
+
+- [#2612](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2612) Add CI testing for Python 3.11
+

docs/sanic/releases/22/22.6.md

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
-## Version 22.6.0 🔶
+## Version 22.6.2
 
-_Current version_
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2522](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2522) Always show server location in ASGI
+
+## Version 22.6.1
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2477](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2477) Sanic static directory fails when folder name ends with ".."
+
+
+## Version 22.6.0
 
 ### Features
 - [#2378](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2378) Introduce HTTP/3 and autogeneration of TLS certificates in `DEBUG` mode

docs/sanic/releases/22/22.9.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+## Version 22.9.1
+
+### Features
+
+- [#2585](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2585) Improved error message when no applications have been registered
+
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2578](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2578) Add certificate loader for in process certificate creation
+- [#2591](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2591) Do not use sentinel identity for `spawn` compatibility
+- [#2592](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2592) Fix properties in nested blueprint groups
+- [#2595](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2595) Introduce sleep interval on new worker reloader
+
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+
+
+### Developer infrastructure
+
+- [#2588](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2588) Markdown templates on issue forms
+
+
+### Improved Documentation
+
+- [#2556](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2556) v22.9 documentation
+- [#2582](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2582) Cleanup documentation on Windows support
+
+
+## Version 22.9.0
+
+### Features
+
+- [#2445](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2445) Add custom loads function 
+- [#2490](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2490) Make `WebsocketImplProtocol` async iterable
+- [#2499](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2499) Sanic Server WorkerManager refactor
+- [#2506](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2506) Use `pathlib` for path resolution (for static file serving)
+- [#2508](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2508) Use `path.parts` instead of `match` (for static file serving)
+- [#2513](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2513) Better request cancel handling
+- [#2516](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2516) Add request properties for HTTP method info:
+    - `request.is_safe`
+    - `request.is_idempotent`
+    - `request.is_cacheable`
+    - *See* [MDN docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods) *for more information about when these apply*
+- [#2522](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2522) Always show server location in ASGI
+- [#2526](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2526) Cache control support for static files for returning 304 when appropriate
+- [#2533](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2533) Refactor `_static_request_handler`
+- [#2540](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2540) Add signals before and after handler execution
+    - `http.handler.before`
+    - `http.handler.after`
+- [#2542](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2542) Add *[redacted]* to CLI :)
+- [#2546](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2546) Add deprecation warning filter
+- [#2550](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2550) Middleware priority and performance enhancements
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2495](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2495) Prevent directory traversion with static files
+- [#2515](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2515) Do not apply double slash to paths in certain static dirs in Blueprints
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+
+- [#2525](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2525) Warn on duplicate route names, will be prevented outright in v23.3
+- [#2537](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2537) Raise warning and deprecation notice on duplicate exceptions, will be prevented outright in v23.3
+
+### Developer infrastructure
+
+- [#2504](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2504) Cleanup test suite
+- [#2505](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2505) Replace Unsupported Python Version Number from the Contributing Doc
+- [#2530](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2530) Do not include tests folder in installed package resolver
+
+### Improved Documentation
+
+- [#2502](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2502) Fix a few typos
+- [#2517](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2517) [#2536](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2536) Add some type hints

examples/unix_socket.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-import os
-import socket
-
 from sanic import Sanic, response
 
 
@@ -13,13 +10,4 @@ async def test(request):
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    server_address = "./uds_socket"
+    app.run(unix="./uds_socket")
-    # Make sure the socket does not already exist
-    try:
-        os.unlink(server_address)
-    except OSError:
-        if os.path.exists(server_address):
-            raise
-    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-    sock.bind(server_address)
-    app.run(sock=sock)

pyproject.toml

@@ -22,5 +22,7 @@ module = [
     "httptools.*",
     "trustme.*",
     "sanic_routing.*",
+    "aioquic.*",
+    "html5tagger.*",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true

sanic/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,15 @@ from sanic.app import Sanic
 from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
 from sanic.constants import HTTPMethod
 from sanic.request import Request
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, html, json, text
+from sanic.response import (
+    HTTPResponse,
+    empty,
+    file,
+    html,
+    json,
+    redirect,
+    text,
+)
 from sanic.server.websockets.impl import WebsocketImplProtocol as Websocket
 
 
@@ -15,7 +23,10 @@ __all__ = (
     "HTTPResponse",
     "Request",
     "Websocket",
+    "empty",
+    "file",
     "html",
     "json",
+    "redirect",
     "text",
 )

sanic/__main__.py

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ if OS_IS_WINDOWS:
     enable_windows_color_support()
 
 
-def main():
+def main(args=None):
     cli = SanicCLI()
     cli.attach()
-    cli.run()
+    cli.run(args)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

sanic/__version__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "22.6.2"
+__version__ = "22.12.0"

sanic/app.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict, deque
 from contextlib import suppress
 from functools import partial
 from inspect import isawaitable
+from os import environ
 from socket import socket
 from traceback import format_exc
 from types import SimpleNamespace
@@ -41,13 +42,12 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
 )
 from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlunparse
-from warnings import filterwarnings
 
 from sanic_routing.exceptions import FinalizationError, NotFound
 from sanic_routing.route import Route
 
 from sanic.application.ext import setup_ext
-from sanic.application.state import ApplicationState, Mode, ServerStage
+from sanic.application.state import ApplicationState, ServerStage
 from sanic.asgi import ASGIApp
 from sanic.base.root import BaseSanic
 from sanic.blueprint_group import BlueprintGroup
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ from sanic.exceptions import (
     URLBuildError,
 )
 from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
-from sanic.helpers import _default
+from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http import Stage
 from sanic.log import (
     LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS,
@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ from sanic.log import (
     error_logger,
     logger,
 )
+from sanic.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareLocation
 from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerEvent
-from sanic.mixins.runner import RunnerMixin
+from sanic.mixins.startup import StartupMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticHandleMixin
 from sanic.models.futures import (
     FutureException,
     FutureListener,
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ from sanic.models.futures import (
     FutureRegistry,
     FutureRoute,
     FutureSignal,
-    FutureStatic,
 )
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType, MiddlewareType
 from sanic.models.handler_types import Sanic as SanicVar
@@ -88,6 +89,9 @@ from sanic.router import Router
 from sanic.server.websockets.impl import ConnectionClosed
 from sanic.signals import Signal, SignalRouter
 from sanic.touchup import TouchUp, TouchUpMeta
+from sanic.types.shared_ctx import SharedContext
+from sanic.worker.inspector import Inspector
+from sanic.worker.manager import WorkerManager
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -101,10 +105,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 if OS_IS_WINDOWS:  # no cov
     enable_windows_color_support()
 
-filterwarnings("once", category=DeprecationWarning)
 
-
+class Sanic(StaticHandleMixin, BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
-class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     """
     The main application instance
     """
@@ -128,6 +130,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         "_future_routes",
         "_future_signals",
         "_future_statics",
+        "_inspector",
+        "_manager",
         "_state",
         "_task_registry",
         "_test_client",
@@ -137,14 +141,17 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         "configure_logging",
         "ctx",
         "error_handler",
+        "inspector_class",
         "go_fast",
         "listeners",
+        "multiplexer",
         "named_request_middleware",
         "named_response_middleware",
         "request_class",
         "request_middleware",
         "response_middleware",
         "router",
+        "shared_ctx",
         "signal_router",
         "sock",
         "strict_slashes",
@@ -153,12 +160,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     )
 
     _app_registry: Dict[str, "Sanic"] = {}
-    _uvloop_setting = None  # TODO: Remove in v22.6
     test_mode = False
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        name: str = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
         config: Optional[Config] = None,
         ctx: Optional[Any] = None,
         router: Optional[Router] = None,
@@ -171,9 +177,10 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         configure_logging: bool = True,
         dumps: Optional[Callable[..., AnyStr]] = None,
         loads: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        inspector: bool = False,
+        inspector_class: Optional[Type[Inspector]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(name=name)
-
         # logging
         if configure_logging:
             dict_config = log_config or LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS
@@ -187,12 +194,16 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         # First setup config
         self.config: Config = config or Config(env_prefix=env_prefix)
+        if inspector:
+            self.config.INSPECTOR = inspector
 
         # Then we can do the rest
         self._asgi_client: Any = None
         self._blueprint_order: List[Blueprint] = []
         self._delayed_tasks: List[str] = []
         self._future_registry: FutureRegistry = FutureRegistry()
+        self._inspector: Optional[Inspector] = None
+        self._manager: Optional[WorkerManager] = None
         self._state: ApplicationState = ApplicationState(app=self)
         self._task_registry: Dict[str, Task] = {}
         self._test_client: Any = None
@@ -203,6 +214,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         self.configure_logging: bool = configure_logging
         self.ctx: Any = ctx or SimpleNamespace()
         self.error_handler: ErrorHandler = error_handler or ErrorHandler()
+        self.inspector_class: Type[Inspector] = inspector_class or Inspector
         self.listeners: Dict[str, List[ListenerType[Any]]] = defaultdict(list)
         self.named_request_middleware: Dict[str, Deque[MiddlewareType]] = {}
         self.named_response_middleware: Dict[str, Deque[MiddlewareType]] = {}
@@ -210,6 +222,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         self.request_middleware: Deque[MiddlewareType] = deque()
         self.response_middleware: Deque[MiddlewareType] = deque()
         self.router: Router = router or Router()
+        self.shared_ctx: SharedContext = SharedContext()
         self.signal_router: SignalRouter = signal_router or SignalRouter()
         self.sock: Optional[socket] = None
         self.strict_slashes: bool = strict_slashes
@@ -243,7 +256,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             )
         try:
             return get_running_loop()
-        except RuntimeError:
+        except RuntimeError:  # no cov
             if sys.version_info > (3, 10):
                 return asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_event_loop()
             else:
@@ -282,8 +295,12 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         return listener
 
     def register_middleware(
-        self, middleware: MiddlewareType, attach_to: str = "request"
+        self,
-    ) -> MiddlewareType:
+        middleware: Union[MiddlewareType, Middleware],
+        attach_to: str = "request",
+        *,
+        priority: Union[Default, int] = _default,
+    ) -> Union[MiddlewareType, Middleware]:
         """
         Register an application level middleware that will be attached
         to all the API URLs registered under this application.
@@ -299,19 +316,37 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             **response** - Invoke before the response is returned back
         :return: decorated method
         """
-        if attach_to == "request":
+        retval = middleware
+        location = MiddlewareLocation[attach_to.upper()]
+
+        if not isinstance(middleware, Middleware):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware,
+                location=location,
+                priority=priority if isinstance(priority, int) else 0,
+            )
+        elif middleware.priority != priority and isinstance(priority, int):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware.func,
+                location=middleware.location,
+                priority=priority,
+            )
+
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST:
             if middleware not in self.request_middleware:
                 self.request_middleware.append(middleware)
-        if attach_to == "response":
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE:
             if middleware not in self.response_middleware:
                 self.response_middleware.appendleft(middleware)
-        return middleware
+        return retval
 
     def register_named_middleware(
         self,
         middleware: MiddlewareType,
         route_names: Iterable[str],
         attach_to: str = "request",
+        *,
+        priority: Union[Default, int] = _default,
     ):
         """
         Method for attaching middleware to specific routes. This is mainly an
@@ -325,19 +360,35 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             defaults to "request"
         :type attach_to: str, optional
         """
-        if attach_to == "request":
+        retval = middleware
+        location = MiddlewareLocation[attach_to.upper()]
+
+        if not isinstance(middleware, Middleware):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware,
+                location=location,
+                priority=priority if isinstance(priority, int) else 0,
+            )
+        elif middleware.priority != priority and isinstance(priority, int):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware.func,
+                location=middleware.location,
+                priority=priority,
+            )
+
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST:
             for _rn in route_names:
                 if _rn not in self.named_request_middleware:
                     self.named_request_middleware[_rn] = deque()
                 if middleware not in self.named_request_middleware[_rn]:
                     self.named_request_middleware[_rn].append(middleware)
-        if attach_to == "response":
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE:
             for _rn in route_names:
                 if _rn not in self.named_response_middleware:
                     self.named_response_middleware[_rn] = deque()
                 if middleware not in self.named_response_middleware[_rn]:
                     self.named_response_middleware[_rn].appendleft(middleware)
-        return middleware
+        return retval
 
     def _apply_exception_handler(
         self,
@@ -384,15 +435,12 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             routes = [routes]
 
         for r in routes:
-            r.ctx.websocket = websocket
+            r.extra.websocket = websocket
-            r.ctx.static = params.get("static", False)
+            r.extra.static = params.get("static", False)
             r.ctx.__dict__.update(ctx)
 
         return routes
 
-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        return self._register_static(static)
-
     def _apply_middleware(
         self,
         middleware: FutureMiddleware,
@@ -458,9 +506,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
     def blueprint(
         self,
-        blueprint: Union[
+        blueprint: Union[Blueprint, Iterable[Blueprint], BlueprintGroup],
-            Blueprint, List[Blueprint], Tuple[Blueprint], BlueprintGroup
-        ],
         **options: Any,
     ):
         """Register a blueprint on the application.
@@ -469,19 +515,18 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         :param options: option dictionary with blueprint defaults
         :return: Nothing
         """
-        if isinstance(blueprint, (list, tuple, BlueprintGroup)):
+        if isinstance(blueprint, (Iterable, BlueprintGroup)):
             for item in blueprint:
                 params = {**options}
                 if isinstance(blueprint, BlueprintGroup):
-                    if blueprint.url_prefix:
                     merge_from = [
                         options.get("url_prefix", ""),
-                            blueprint.url_prefix,
+                        blueprint.url_prefix or "",
                     ]
                     if not isinstance(item, BlueprintGroup):
                         merge_from.append(item.url_prefix or "")
                     merged_prefix = "/".join(
-                            u.strip("/") for u in merge_from
+                        u.strip("/") for u in merge_from if u
                     ).rstrip("/")
                     params["url_prefix"] = f"/{merged_prefix}"
 
@@ -581,7 +626,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         uri = route.path
 
-        if getattr(route.ctx, "static", None):
+        if getattr(route.extra, "static", None):
             filename = kwargs.pop("filename", "")
             # it's static folder
             if "__file_uri__" in uri:
@@ -614,18 +659,18 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         host = kwargs.pop("_host", None)
         external = kwargs.pop("_external", False) or bool(host)
         scheme = kwargs.pop("_scheme", "")
-        if route.ctx.hosts and external:
+        if route.extra.hosts and external:
-            if not host and len(route.ctx.hosts) > 1:
+            if not host and len(route.extra.hosts) > 1:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"Host is ambiguous: {', '.join(route.ctx.hosts)}"
+                    f"Host is ambiguous: {', '.join(route.extra.hosts)}"
                 )
-            elif host and host not in route.ctx.hosts:
+            elif host and host not in route.extra.hosts:
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"Requested host ({host}) is not available for this "
-                    f"route: {route.ctx.hosts}"
+                    f"route: {route.extra.hosts}"
                 )
             elif not host:
-                host = list(route.ctx.hosts)[0]
+                host = list(route.extra.hosts)[0]
 
         if scheme and not external:
             raise ValueError("When specifying _scheme, _external must be True")
@@ -701,7 +746,10 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 
     async def handle_exception(
-        self, request: Request, exception: BaseException
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        exception: BaseException,
+        run_middleware: bool = True,
     ):  # no cov
         """
         A handler that catches specific exceptions and outputs a response.
@@ -710,6 +758,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         :param exception: The exception that was raised
         :raises ServerError: response 500
         """
+        response = None
         await self.dispatch(
             "http.lifecycle.exception",
             inline=True,
@@ -750,9 +799,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         # -------------------------------------------- #
         # Request Middleware
         # -------------------------------------------- #
-        response = await self._run_request_middleware(
+        if run_middleware:
-            request, request_name=None
+            middleware = (
-        )
+                request.route and request.route.extra.request_middleware
+            ) or self.request_middleware
+            response = await self._run_request_middleware(request, middleware)
         # No middleware results
         if not response:
             try:
@@ -832,9 +883,15 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         # Define `response` var here to remove warnings about
         # allocation before assignment below.
-        response = None
+        response: Optional[
+            Union[
+                BaseHTTPResponse,
+                Coroutine[Any, Any, Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]],
+                ResponseStream,
+            ]
+        ] = None
+        run_middleware = True
         try:
-
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.routing.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -864,9 +921,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             if (
                 request.stream
                 and request.stream.request_body
-                and not route.ctx.ignore_body
+                and not route.extra.ignore_body
             ):
-
                 if hasattr(handler, "is_stream"):
                     # Streaming handler: lift the size limit
                     request.stream.request_max_size = float("inf")
@@ -877,8 +933,10 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             # -------------------------------------------- #
             # Request Middleware
             # -------------------------------------------- #
+            run_middleware = False
+            if request.route.extra.request_middleware:
                 response = await self._run_request_middleware(
-                request, request_name=route.name
+                    request, request.route.extra.request_middleware
                 )
 
             # No middleware results
@@ -896,9 +954,19 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                     )
 
                 # Run response handler
+                await self.dispatch(
+                    "http.handler.before",
+                    inline=True,
+                    context={"request": request},
+                )
                 response = handler(request, **request.match_info)
                 if isawaitable(response):
                     response = await response
+                await self.dispatch(
+                    "http.handler.after",
+                    inline=True,
+                    context={"request": request},
+                )
 
             if request.responded:
                 if response is not None:
@@ -910,7 +978,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                 if request.stream is not None:
                     response = request.stream.response
             elif response is not None:
-                response = await request.respond(response)
+                response = await request.respond(response)  # type: ignore
             elif not hasattr(handler, "is_websocket"):
                 response = request.stream.response  # type: ignore
 
@@ -949,7 +1017,9 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             raise
         except Exception as e:
             # Response Generation Failed
-            await self.handle_exception(request, e)
+            await self.handle_exception(
+                request, e, run_middleware=run_middleware
+            )
 
     async def _websocket_handler(
         self, handler, request, *args, subprotocols=None, **kwargs
@@ -999,7 +1069,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     def asgi_client(self):  # noqa
         """
         A testing client that uses ASGI to reach into the application to
-        execute hanlers.
+        execute handlers.
 
         :return: testing client
         :rtype: :class:`SanicASGITestClient`
@@ -1018,20 +1088,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 
     async def _run_request_middleware(
-        self, request, request_name=None
+        self, request, middleware_collection
     ):  # no cov
-        # The if improves speed.  I don't know why
+        request._request_middleware_started = True
-        named_middleware = self.named_request_middleware.get(
-            request_name, deque()
-        )
-        applicable_middleware = self.request_middleware + named_middleware
 
-        # request.request_middleware_started is meant as a stop-gap solution
+        for middleware in middleware_collection:
-        # until RFC 1630 is adopted
-        if applicable_middleware and not request.request_middleware_started:
-            request.request_middleware_started = True
-
-            for middleware in applicable_middleware:
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.middleware.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -1061,14 +1122,9 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         return None
 
     async def _run_response_middleware(
-        self, request, response, request_name=None
+        self, request, response, middleware_collection
     ):  # no cov
-        named_middleware = self.named_response_middleware.get(
+        for middleware in middleware_collection:
-            request_name, deque()
-        )
-        applicable_middleware = self.response_middleware + named_middleware
-        if applicable_middleware:
-            for middleware in applicable_middleware:
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.middleware.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -1184,7 +1240,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         *,
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         register: bool = True,
-    ) -> Optional[Task]:
+    ) -> Optional[Task[Any]]:
         """
         Schedule a task to run later, after the loop has started.
         Different from asyncio.ensure_future in that it does not
@@ -1194,7 +1250,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         `See user guide re: background tasks
         <https://sanicframework.org/guide/basics/tasks.html#background-tasks>`__
 
-        :param task: future, couroutine or awaitable
+        :param task: future, coroutine or awaitable
         """
         try:
             loop = self.loop  # Will raise SanicError if loop is not started
@@ -1326,18 +1382,6 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     def debug(self):
         return self.state.is_debug
 
-    @debug.setter
-    def debug(self, value: bool):
-        deprecation(
-            "Setting the value of a Sanic application's debug value directly "
-            "is deprecated and will be removed in v22.9. Please set it using "
-            "the CLI, app.run, app.prepare, or directly set "
-            "app.state.mode to Mode.DEBUG.",
-            22.9,
-        )
-        mode = Mode.DEBUG if value else Mode.PRODUCTION
-        self.state.mode = mode
-
     @property
     def auto_reload(self):
         return self.config.AUTO_RELOAD
@@ -1345,6 +1389,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     @auto_reload.setter
     def auto_reload(self, value: bool):
         self.config.AUTO_RELOAD = value
+        self.state.auto_reload = value
 
     @property
     def state(self) -> ApplicationState:  # type: ignore
@@ -1353,58 +1398,6 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         """
         return self._state
 
-    @property
-    def is_running(self):
-        deprecation(
-            "Use of the is_running property is no longer used by Sanic "
-            "internally. The property is now deprecated and will be removed "
-            "in version 22.9. You may continue to set the property for your "
-            "own needs until that time. If you would like to check whether "
-            "the application is operational, please use app.state.stage. More "
-            "information is available at ___.",
-            22.9,
-        )
-        return self.state.is_running
-
-    @is_running.setter
-    def is_running(self, value: bool):
-        deprecation(
-            "Use of the is_running property is no longer used by Sanic "
-            "internally. The property is now deprecated and will be removed "
-            "in version 22.9. You may continue to set the property for your "
-            "own needs until that time. If you would like to check whether "
-            "the application is operational, please use app.state.stage. More "
-            "information is available at ___.",
-            22.9,
-        )
-        self.state.is_running = value
-
-    @property
-    def is_stopping(self):
-        deprecation(
-            "Use of the is_stopping property is no longer used by Sanic "
-            "internally. The property is now deprecated and will be removed "
-            "in version 22.9. You may continue to set the property for your "
-            "own needs until that time. If you would like to check whether "
-            "the application is operational, please use app.state.stage. More "
-            "information is available at ___.",
-            22.9,
-        )
-        return self.state.is_stopping
-
-    @is_stopping.setter
-    def is_stopping(self, value: bool):
-        deprecation(
-            "Use of the is_stopping property is no longer used by Sanic "
-            "internally. The property is now deprecated and will be removed "
-            "in version 22.9. You may continue to set the property for your "
-            "own needs until that time. If you would like to check whether "
-            "the application is operational, please use app.state.stage. More "
-            "information is available at ___.",
-            22.9,
-        )
-        self.state.is_stopping = value
-
     @property
     def reload_dirs(self):
         return self.state.reload_dirs
@@ -1462,6 +1455,18 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         cls._app_registry[name] = app
 
+    @classmethod
+    def unregister_app(cls, app: "Sanic") -> None:
+        """
+        Unregister a Sanic instance
+        """
+        if not isinstance(app, cls):
+            raise SanicException("Registered app must be an instance of Sanic")
+
+        name = app.name
+        if name in cls._app_registry:
+            del cls._app_registry[name]
+
     @classmethod
     def get_app(
         cls, name: Optional[str] = None, *, force_create: bool = False
@@ -1481,9 +1486,28 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         try:
             return cls._app_registry[name]
         except KeyError:
+            if name == "__main__":
+                return cls.get_app("__mp_main__", force_create=force_create)
             if force_create:
                 return cls(name)
-            raise SanicException(f'Sanic app name "{name}" not found.')
+            raise SanicException(
+                f"Sanic app name '{name}' not found.\n"
+                "App instantiation must occur outside "
+                "if __name__ == '__main__' "
+                "block or by using an AppLoader.\nSee "
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/app-loader.html"
+                " for more details."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _check_uvloop_conflict(cls) -> None:
+        values = {app.config.USE_UVLOOP for app in cls._app_registry.values()}
+        if len(values) > 1:
+            error_logger.warning(
+                "It looks like you're running several apps with different "
+                "uvloop settings. This is not supported and may lead to "
+                "unintended behaviour."
+            )
 
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
     # Lifecycle
@@ -1495,6 +1519,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         except FinalizationError as e:
             if not Sanic.test_mode:
                 raise e
+        self.finalize_middleware()
 
     def signalize(self, allow_fail_builtin=True):
         self.signal_router.allow_fail_builtin = allow_fail_builtin
@@ -1514,24 +1539,26 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         if self.state.is_debug and self.config.TOUCHUP is not True:
             self.config.TOUCHUP = False
-        elif self.config.TOUCHUP is _default:
+        elif isinstance(self.config.TOUCHUP, Default):
             self.config.TOUCHUP = True
 
         # Setup routers
         self.signalize(self.config.TOUCHUP)
         self.finalize()
 
-        # TODO: Replace in v22.6 to check against apps in app registry
+        route_names = [route.name for route in self.router.routes]
-        if (
+        duplicates = {
-            self.__class__._uvloop_setting is not None
+            name for name in route_names if route_names.count(name) > 1
-            and self.__class__._uvloop_setting != self.config.USE_UVLOOP
+        }
-        ):
+        if duplicates:
-            error_logger.warning(
+            names = ", ".join(duplicates)
-                "It looks like you're running several apps with different "
+            deprecation(
-                "uvloop settings. This is not supported and may lead to "
+                f"Duplicate route names detected: {names}. In the future, "
-                "unintended behaviour."
+                "Sanic will enforce uniqueness in route naming.",
+                23.3,
             )
-        self.__class__._uvloop_setting = self.config.USE_UVLOOP
+
+        Sanic._check_uvloop_conflict()
 
         # Startup time optimizations
         if self.state.primary:
@@ -1542,6 +1569,10 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         self.state.is_started = True
 
+    def ack(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "multiplexer"):
+            self.multiplexer.ack()
+
     async def _server_event(
         self,
         concern: str,
@@ -1570,3 +1601,43 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, RunnerMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                 "loop": loop,
             },
         )
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+    # Process Management
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+    def refresh(
+        self,
+        passthru: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        registered = self.__class__.get_app(self.name)
+        if self is not registered:
+            if not registered.state.server_info:
+                registered.state.server_info = self.state.server_info
+            self = registered
+        if passthru:
+            for attr, info in passthru.items():
+                if isinstance(info, dict):
+                    for key, value in info.items():
+                        setattr(getattr(self, attr), key, value)
+                else:
+                    setattr(self, attr, info)
+        if hasattr(self, "multiplexer"):
+            self.shared_ctx.lock()
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def inspector(self):
+        if environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_PROCESS") or not self._inspector:
+            raise SanicException(
+                "Can only access the inspector from the main process"
+            )
+        return self._inspector
+
+    @property
+    def manager(self):
+        if environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_PROCESS") or not self._manager:
+            raise SanicException(
+                "Can only access the manager from the main process"
+            )
+        return self._manager

sanic/application/constants.py

@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 from enum import Enum, IntEnum, auto
 
 
-class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+class StrEnum(str, Enum):  # no cov
     def _generate_next_value_(name: str, *args) -> str:  # type: ignore
         return name.lower()
 
+    def __eq__(self, value: object) -> bool:
+        value = str(value).upper()
+        return super().__eq__(value)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
 
 class Server(StrEnum):
     SANIC = auto()
     ASGI = auto()
-    GUNICORN = auto()
 
 
 class Mode(StrEnum):

sanic/application/ext.py

@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sanic import Sanic
 
-    try:
-        from sanic_ext import Extend  # type: ignore
-    except ImportError:
-        ...
-
 
 def setup_ext(app: Sanic, *, fail: bool = False, **kwargs):
     if not app.config.AUTO_EXTEND:
@@ -22,7 +17,7 @@ def setup_ext(app: Sanic, *, fail: bool = False, **kwargs):
     with suppress(ModuleNotFoundError):
         sanic_ext = import_module("sanic_ext")
 
-    if not sanic_ext:
+    if not sanic_ext:  # no cov
         if fail:
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "Sanic Extensions is not installed. You can add it to your "
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ def setup_ext(app: Sanic, *, fail: bool = False, **kwargs):
         return
 
     if not getattr(app, "_ext", None):
-        Ext: Extend = getattr(sanic_ext, "Extend")
+        Ext = getattr(sanic_ext, "Extend")
         app._ext = Ext(app, **kwargs)
 
         return app.ext

sanic/application/logo.py

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ FULL_COLOR_LOGO = """
 
 """  # noqa
 
+SVG_LOGO = """<svg id=logo alt=Sanic viewBox="0 0 964 279"><path d="M107 222c9-2 10-20 1-22s-20-2-30-2-17 7-16 14 6 10 15 10h30zm115-1c16-2 30-11 35-23s6-24 2-33-6-14-15-20-24-11-38-10c-7 3-10 13-5 19s17-1 24 4 15 14 13 24-5 15-14 18-50 0-74 0h-17c-6 4-10 15-4 20s16 2 23 3zM251 83q9-1 9-7 0-15-10-16h-13c-10 6-10 20 0 22zM147 60c-4 0-10 3-11 11s5 13 10 12 42 0 67 0c5-3 7-10 6-15s-4-8-9-8zm-33 1c-8 0-16 0-24 3s-20 10-25 20-6 24-4 36 15 22 26 27 78 8 94 3c4-4 4-12 0-18s-69 8-93-10c-8-7-9-23 0-30s12-10 20-10 12 2 16-3 1-15-5-18z" fill="#ff0d68"/><path d="M676 74c0-14-18-9-20 0s0 30 0 39 20 9 20 2zm-297-10c-12 2-15 12-23 23l-41 58H340l22-30c8-12 23-13 30-4s20 24 24 38-10 10-17 10l-68 2q-17 1-48 30c-7 6-10 20 0 24s15-8 20-13 20 -20 58-21h50 c20 2 33 9 52 30 8 10 24-4 16-13L384 65q-3-2-5-1zm131 0c-10 1-12 12-11 20v96c1 10-3 23 5 32s20-5 17-15c0-23-3-46 2-67 5-12 22-14 32-5l103 87c7 5 19 1 18-9v-64c-3-10-20-9-21 2s-20 22-30 13l-97-80c-5-4-10-10-18-10zM701 76v128c2 10 15 12 20 4s0-102 0-124s-20-18-20-7z    M850 63c-35 0-69-2-86 15s-20 60-13 66 13 8 16 0 1-10 1-27 12-26 20-32 66-5 85-5 31 4 31-10-18-7-54-7M764 159c-6-2-15-2-16 12s19 37 33 43 23 8 25-4-4-11-11-14q-9-3-22-18c-4-7-3-16-10-19zM828 196c-4 0-8 1-10 5s-4 12 0 15 8 2 12 2h60c5 0 10-2 12-6 3-7-1-16-8-16z" fill="#e1e1e1"/></svg>"""  # noqa
+
 ansi_pattern = re.compile(r"\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])")
 
 

sanic/application/motd.py

@@ -80,20 +80,23 @@ class MOTDTTY(MOTD):
         )
         self.display_length = self.key_width + self.value_width + 2
 
-    def display(self):
+    def display(self, version=True, action="Goin' Fast", out=None):
-        version = f"Sanic v{__version__}".center(self.centering_length)
+        if not out:
+            out = logger.info
+        header = "Sanic"
+        if version:
+            header += f" v{__version__}"
+        header = header.center(self.centering_length)
         running = (
-            f"Goin' Fast @ {self.serve_location}"
+            f"{action} @ {self.serve_location}" if self.serve_location else ""
-            if self.serve_location
-            else ""
         ).center(self.centering_length)
-        length = len(version) + 2 - self.logo_line_length
+        length = len(header) + 2 - self.logo_line_length
         first_filler = "─" * (self.logo_line_length - 1)
         second_filler = "─" * length
         display_filler = "─" * (self.display_length + 2)
         lines = [
             f"\n┌{first_filler}─{second_filler}┐",
-            f"│ {version} │",
+            f"│ {header} │",
             f"│ {running} │",
             f"├{first_filler}┬{second_filler}┤",
         ]
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ class MOTDTTY(MOTD):
         self._render_fill(lines)
 
         lines.append(f"└{first_filler}┴{second_filler}┘\n")
-        logger.info(indent("\n".join(lines), "  "))
+        out(indent("\n".join(lines), "  "))
 
     def _render_data(self, lines, data, start):
         offset = 0

sanic/asgi.py

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 
 from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
-from sanic.helpers import _default
+from sanic.helpers import Default
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.asgi import ASGIReceive, ASGIScope, ASGISend, MockTransport
 from sanic.request import Request
 from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class Lifespan:
         await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("init", "before")
         await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("init", "after")
 
-        if self.asgi_app.sanic_app.config.USE_UVLOOP is not _default:
+        if not isinstance(self.asgi_app.sanic_app.config.USE_UVLOOP, Default):
             warnings.warn(
                 "You have set the USE_UVLOOP configuration option, but Sanic "
                 "cannot control the event loop when running in ASGI mode."
@@ -85,12 +85,26 @@ class Lifespan:
     ) -> None:
         message = await receive()
         if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup":
+            try:
                 await self.startup()
+            except Exception as e:
+                error_logger.exception(e)
+                await send(
+                    {"type": "lifespan.startup.failed", "message": str(e)}
+                )
+            else:
                 await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"})
 
         message = await receive()
         if message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown":
+            try:
                 await self.shutdown()
+            except Exception as e:
+                error_logger.exception(e)
+                await send(
+                    {"type": "lifespan.shutdown.failed", "message": str(e)}
+                )
+            else:
                 await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"})
 
 
@@ -234,4 +248,7 @@ class ASGIApp:
             self.stage = Stage.HANDLER
             await self.sanic_app.handle_request(self.request)
         except Exception as e:
+            try:
                 await self.sanic_app.handle_exception(self.request, e)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                await self.sanic_app.handle_exception(self.request, exc, False)

sanic/base/root.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerMixin
 from sanic.mixins.middleware import MiddlewareMixin
 from sanic.mixins.routes import RouteMixin
 from sanic.mixins.signals import SignalMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticMixin
 
 
 VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")
 
 class BaseSanic(
     RouteMixin,
+    StaticMixin,
     MiddlewareMixin,
     ListenerMixin,
     ExceptionMixin,
@@ -24,7 +26,9 @@ class BaseSanic(
 ):
     __slots__ = ("name",)
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str = None, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: Optional[str] = None, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None:
         class_name = self.__class__.__name__
 
         if name is None:

sanic/blueprints.py

@@ -304,11 +304,8 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
 
         # Routes
         for future in self._future_routes:
-            # attach the blueprint name to the handler so that it can be
-            # prefixed properly in the router
-            future.handler.__blueprintname__ = self.name
             # Prepend the blueprint URI prefix if available
-            uri = url_prefix + future.uri if url_prefix else future.uri
+            uri = self._setup_uri(future.uri, url_prefix)
 
             version_prefix = self.version_prefix
             for prefix in (
@@ -333,7 +330,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
 
             apply_route = FutureRoute(
                 future.handler,
-                uri[1:] if uri.startswith("//") else uri,
+                uri,
                 future.methods,
                 host,
                 strict_slashes,
@@ -363,7 +360,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
         # Static Files
         for future in self._future_statics:
             # Prepend the blueprint URI prefix if available
-            uri = url_prefix + future.uri if url_prefix else future.uri
+            uri = self._setup_uri(future.uri, url_prefix)
             apply_route = FutureStatic(uri, *future[1:])
 
             if (self, apply_route) in app._future_registry:
@@ -406,7 +403,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
 
         self.routes += [route for route in routes if isinstance(route, Route)]
         self.websocket_routes += [
-            route for route in self.routes if route.ctx.websocket
+            route for route in self.routes if route.extra.websocket
         ]
         self.middlewares += middleware
         self.exceptions += exception_handlers
@@ -442,7 +439,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
             events.add(signal.ctx.event)
 
         return asyncio.wait(
-            [event.wait() for event in events],
+            [asyncio.create_task(event.wait()) for event in events],
             return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
             timeout=timeout,
         )
@@ -456,6 +453,18 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
                 break
         return value
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _setup_uri(base: str, prefix: Optional[str]):
+        uri = base
+        if prefix:
+            uri = prefix
+            if base.startswith("/") and prefix.endswith("/"):
+                uri += base[1:]
+            else:
+                uri += base
+
+        return uri[1:] if uri.startswith("//") else uri
+
     @staticmethod
     def register_futures(
         apps: Set[Sanic], bp: Blueprint, futures: Sequence[Tuple[Any, ...]]

sanic/cli/app.py

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
+import logging
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 
-from argparse import ArgumentParser, RawTextHelpFormatter
+from argparse import Namespace
-from importlib import import_module
+from functools import partial
-from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import indent
-from typing import Any, List, Union
+from typing import List, Union, cast
 
 from sanic.app import Sanic
 from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
 from sanic.cli.arguments import Group
-from sanic.log import error_logger
+from sanic.cli.base import SanicArgumentParser, SanicHelpFormatter
-from sanic.simple import create_simple_server
+from sanic.cli.inspector import make_inspector_parser
-
+from sanic.cli.inspector_client import InspectorClient
-
+from sanic.log import Colors, error_logger
-class SanicArgumentParser(ArgumentParser):
+from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader
-    ...
 
 
 class SanicCLI:
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
         self.parser = SanicArgumentParser(
             prog="sanic",
             description=self.DESCRIPTION,
-            formatter_class=lambda prog: RawTextHelpFormatter(
+            formatter_class=lambda prog: SanicHelpFormatter(
                 prog,
                 max_help_position=36 if width > 96 else 24,
                 indent_increment=4,
@@ -57,22 +56,37 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
         self.main_process = (
             os.environ.get("SANIC_RELOADER_PROCESS", "") != "true"
         )
-        self.args: List[Any] = []
+        self.args: Namespace = Namespace()
         self.groups: List[Group] = []
+        self.inspecting = False
 
     def attach(self):
+        if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "inspect":
+            self.inspecting = True
+            self.parser.description = get_logo(True)
+            make_inspector_parser(self.parser)
+            return
+
         for group in Group._registry:
             instance = group.create(self.parser)
             instance.attach()
             self.groups.append(instance)
 
-    def run(self):
+    def run(self, parse_args=None):
+        if self.inspecting:
+            self._inspector()
+            return
+
+        legacy_version = False
+        if not parse_args:
             # This is to provide backwards compat -v to display version
             legacy_version = len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[-1] == "-v"
             parse_args = ["--version"] if legacy_version else None
+        elif parse_args == ["-v"]:
+            parse_args = ["--version"]
 
-        if not parse_args:
+        if not legacy_version:
-            parsed, unknown = self.parser.parse_known_args()
+            parsed, unknown = self.parser.parse_known_args(args=parse_args)
             if unknown and parsed.factory:
                 for arg in unknown:
                     if arg.startswith("--"):
@@ -80,20 +94,90 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
 
         self.args = self.parser.parse_args(args=parse_args)
         self._precheck()
+        app_loader = AppLoader(
+            self.args.module, self.args.factory, self.args.simple, self.args
+        )
+
+        if self.args.inspect or self.args.inspect_raw or self.args.trigger:
+            self._inspector_legacy(app_loader)
+            return
 
         try:
-            app = self._get_app()
+            app = self._get_app(app_loader)
             kwargs = self._build_run_kwargs()
-        except ValueError:
+        except ValueError as e:
-            error_logger.exception("Failed to run app")
+            error_logger.exception(f"Failed to run app: {e}")
         else:
             for http_version in self.args.http:
                 app.prepare(**kwargs, version=http_version)
+            if self.args.single:
+                serve = Sanic.serve_single
+            elif self.args.legacy:
+                serve = Sanic.serve_legacy
+            else:
+                serve = partial(Sanic.serve, app_loader=app_loader)
+            serve(app)
 
-            Sanic.serve()
+    def _inspector_legacy(self, app_loader: AppLoader):
+        host = port = None
+        module = cast(str, self.args.module)
+        if ":" in module:
+            maybe_host, maybe_port = module.rsplit(":", 1)
+            if maybe_port.isnumeric():
+                host, port = maybe_host, int(maybe_port)
+        if not host:
+            app = self._get_app(app_loader)
+            host, port = app.config.INSPECTOR_HOST, app.config.INSPECTOR_PORT
+
+        action = self.args.trigger or "info"
+
+        InspectorClient(
+            str(host), int(port or 6457), False, self.args.inspect_raw, ""
+        ).do(action)
+        sys.stdout.write(
+            f"\n{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.YELLOW}WARNING:{Colors.END} "
+            "You are using the legacy CLI command that will be removed in "
+            f"{Colors.RED}v23.3{Colors.END}. See "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v22.12.html"
+            "#deprecations-and-removals or checkout the new "
+            "style commands:\n\n\t"
+            f"{Colors.YELLOW}sanic inspect --help{Colors.END}\n"
+        )
+
+    def _inspector(self):
+        args = sys.argv[2:]
+        self.args, unknown = self.parser.parse_known_args(args=args)
+        if unknown:
+            for arg in unknown:
+                if arg.startswith("--"):
+                    try:
+                        key, value = arg.split("=")
+                        key = key.lstrip("-")
+                    except ValueError:
+                        value = False if arg.startswith("--no-") else True
+                        key = (
+                            arg.replace("--no-", "")
+                            .lstrip("-")
+                            .replace("-", "_")
+                        )
+                    setattr(self.args, key, value)
+
+        kwargs = {**self.args.__dict__}
+        host = kwargs.pop("host")
+        port = kwargs.pop("port")
+        secure = kwargs.pop("secure")
+        raw = kwargs.pop("raw")
+        action = kwargs.pop("action") or "info"
+        api_key = kwargs.pop("api_key")
+        positional = kwargs.pop("positional", None)
+        if action == "<custom>" and positional:
+            action = positional[0]
+            if len(positional) > 1:
+                kwargs["args"] = positional[1:]
+        InspectorClient(host, port, secure, raw, api_key).do(action, **kwargs)
 
     def _precheck(self):
-        # # Custom TLS mismatch handling for better diagnostics
+        # Custom TLS mismatch handling for better diagnostics
         if self.main_process and (
             # one of cert/key missing
             bool(self.args.cert) != bool(self.args.key)
@@ -113,58 +197,14 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
             )
             error_logger.error(message)
             sys.exit(1)
+        if self.args.inspect or self.args.inspect_raw:
+            logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)
 
-    def _get_app(self):
+    def _get_app(self, app_loader: AppLoader):
         try:
-            module_path = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
+            app = app_loader.load()
-            if module_path not in sys.path:
-                sys.path.append(module_path)
-
-            if self.args.simple:
-                path = Path(self.args.module)
-                app = create_simple_server(path)
-            else:
-                delimiter = ":" if ":" in self.args.module else "."
-                module_name, app_name = self.args.module.rsplit(delimiter, 1)
-
-                if module_name == "" and os.path.isdir(self.args.module):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "App not found.\n"
-                        "   Please use --simple if you are passing a "
-                        "directory to sanic.\n"
-                        f"   eg. sanic {self.args.module} --simple"
-                    )
-
-                if app_name.endswith("()"):
-                    self.args.factory = True
-                    app_name = app_name[:-2]
-
-                module = import_module(module_name)
-                app = getattr(module, app_name, None)
-                if self.args.factory:
-                    try:
-                        app = app(self.args)
-                    except TypeError:
-                        app = app()
-
-                app_type_name = type(app).__name__
-
-                if not isinstance(app, Sanic):
-                    if callable(app):
-                        solution = f"sanic {self.args.module} --factory"
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            "Module is not a Sanic app, it is a "
-                            f"{app_type_name}\n"
-                            "  If this callable returns a "
-                            f"Sanic instance try: \n{solution}"
-                        )
-
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f"Module is not a Sanic app, it is a {app_type_name}\n"
-                        f"  Perhaps you meant {self.args.module}:app?"
-                    )
         except ImportError as e:
-            if module_name.startswith(e.name):
+            if app_loader.module_name.startswith(e.name):  # type: ignore
                 error_logger.error(
                     f"No module named {e.name} found.\n"
                     "  Example File: project/sanic_server.py -> app\n"
@@ -190,8 +230,10 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
         elif len(ssl) == 1 and ssl[0] is not None:
             # Use only one cert, no TLSSelector.
             ssl = ssl[0]
+
         kwargs = {
             "access_log": self.args.access_log,
+            "coffee": self.args.coffee,
             "debug": self.args.debug,
             "fast": self.args.fast,
             "host": self.args.host,
@@ -203,6 +245,8 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
             "verbosity": self.args.verbosity or 0,
             "workers": self.args.workers,
             "auto_tls": self.args.auto_tls,
+            "single_process": self.args.single,
+            "legacy": self.args.legacy,
         }
 
         for maybe_arg in ("auto_reload", "dev"):

sanic/cli/arguments.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Group:
         instance = cls(parser, cls.name)
         return instance
 
-    def add_bool_arguments(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def add_bool_arguments(self, *args, nullable=False, **kwargs):
         group = self.container.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
         kwargs["help"] = kwargs["help"].capitalize()
         group.add_argument(*args, action="store_true", **kwargs)
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ class Group:
         group.add_argument(
             "--no-" + args[0][2:], *args[1:], action="store_false", **kwargs
         )
+        if nullable:
+            params = {args[0][2:].replace("-", "_"): None}
+            group.set_defaults(**params)
 
     def prepare(self, args) -> None:
         ...
@@ -67,7 +70,8 @@ class ApplicationGroup(Group):
     name = "Application"
 
     def attach(self):
-        self.container.add_argument(
+        group = self.container.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+        group.add_argument(
             "--factory",
             action="store_true",
             help=(
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ class ApplicationGroup(Group):
                 "i.e. a () -> <Sanic app> callable"
             ),
         )
-        self.container.add_argument(
+        group.add_argument(
             "-s",
             "--simple",
             dest="simple",
@@ -85,6 +89,32 @@ class ApplicationGroup(Group):
                 "a directory\n(module arg should be a path)"
             ),
         )
+        group.add_argument(
+            "--inspect",
+            dest="inspect",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=("Inspect the state of a running instance, human readable"),
+        )
+        group.add_argument(
+            "--inspect-raw",
+            dest="inspect_raw",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=("Inspect the state of a running instance, JSON output"),
+        )
+        group.add_argument(
+            "--trigger-reload",
+            dest="trigger",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="reload",
+            help=("Trigger worker processes to reload"),
+        )
+        group.add_argument(
+            "--trigger-shutdown",
+            dest="trigger",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="shutdown",
+            help=("Trigger all processes to shutdown"),
+        )
 
 
 class HTTPVersionGroup(Group):
@@ -207,8 +237,22 @@ class WorkerGroup(Group):
             action="store_true",
             help="Set the number of workers to max allowed",
         )
+        group.add_argument(
+            "--single-process",
+            dest="single",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Do not use multiprocessing, run server in a single process",
+        )
+        self.container.add_argument(
+            "--legacy",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Use the legacy server manager",
+        )
         self.add_bool_arguments(
-            "--access-logs", dest="access_log", help="display access logs"
+            "--access-logs",
+            dest="access_log",
+            help="display access logs",
+            default=None,
         )
 
 
@@ -262,6 +306,12 @@ class OutputGroup(Group):
     name = "Output"
 
     def attach(self):
+        self.add_bool_arguments(
+            "--coffee",
+            dest="coffee",
+            default=False,
+            help="Uhm, coffee?",
+        )
         self.add_bool_arguments(
             "--motd",
             dest="motd",

sanic/cli/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from argparse import (
+    SUPPRESS,
+    Action,
+    ArgumentParser,
+    RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    _SubParsersAction,
+)
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class SanicArgumentParser(ArgumentParser):
+    def _check_value(self, action: Action, value: Any) -> None:
+        if isinstance(action, SanicSubParsersAction):
+            return
+        super()._check_value(action, value)
+
+
+class SanicHelpFormatter(RawTextHelpFormatter):
+    def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
+        if not usage:
+            usage = SUPPRESS
+            # Add one linebreak, but not two
+            self.add_text("\x1b[1A")
+        super().add_usage(usage, actions, groups, prefix)
+
+
+class SanicSubParsersAction(_SubParsersAction):
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        self._name_parser_map
+        parser_name = values[0]
+        if parser_name not in self._name_parser_map:
+            self._name_parser_map[parser_name] = parser
+            values = ["<custom>", *values]
+
+        super().__call__(parser, namespace, values, option_string)

sanic/cli/inspector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+
+from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
+from sanic.cli.base import SanicHelpFormatter, SanicSubParsersAction
+
+
+def _add_shared(parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--host",
+        "-H",
+        default="localhost",
+        help="Inspector host address [default 127.0.0.1]",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port",
+        "-p",
+        default=6457,
+        type=int,
+        help="Inspector port [default 6457]",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--secure",
+        "-s",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether to access the Inspector via TLS encryption",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--api-key", "-k", help="Inspector authentication key")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--raw",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether to output the raw response information",
+    )
+
+
+class InspectorSubParser(ArgumentParser):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        _add_shared(self)
+        if not self.description:
+            self.description = ""
+        self.description = get_logo(True) + self.description
+
+
+def make_inspector_parser(parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    _add_shared(parser)
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
+        action=SanicSubParsersAction,
+        dest="action",
+        description=(
+            "Run one or none of the below subcommands. Using inspect without "
+            "a subcommand will fetch general information about the state "
+            "of the application instance.\n\n"
+            "Or, you can optionally follow inspect with a subcommand. "
+            "If you have created a custom "
+            "Inspector instance, then you can run custom commands. See "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/inspector.html "
+            "for more details."
+        ),
+        title="  Subcommands",
+        parser_class=InspectorSubParser,
+    )
+    reloader = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "reload",
+        help="Trigger a reload of the server workers",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    reloader.add_argument(
+        "--zero-downtime",
+        action="store_true",
+        help=(
+            "Whether to wait for the new process to be online before "
+            "terminating the old"
+        ),
+    )
+    subparsers.add_parser(
+        "shutdown",
+        help="Shutdown the application and all processes",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    scale = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "scale",
+        help="Scale the number of workers",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    scale.add_argument(
+        "replicas",
+        type=int,
+        help="Number of workers requested",
+    )
+
+    custom = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "<custom>",
+        help="Run a custom command",
+        description=(
+            "keyword arguments:\n  When running a custom command, you can "
+            "add keyword arguments by appending them to your command\n\n"
+            "\tsanic inspect foo --one=1 --two=2"
+        ),
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    custom.add_argument(
+        "positional",
+        nargs="*",
+        help="Add one or more non-keyword args to your custom command",
+    )

sanic/cli/inspector_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from http.client import RemoteDisconnected
+from textwrap import indent
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from urllib.error import URLError
+from urllib.request import Request as URequest
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
+from sanic.application.motd import MOTDTTY
+from sanic.log import Colors
+
+
+try:  # no cov
+    from ujson import dumps, loads
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # no cov
+    from json import dumps, loads  # type: ignore
+
+
+class InspectorClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        secure: bool,
+        raw: bool,
+        api_key: Optional[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.scheme = "https" if secure else "http"
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.raw = raw
+        self.api_key = api_key
+
+        for scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            full = f"{scheme}://"
+            if self.host.startswith(full):
+                self.scheme = scheme
+                self.host = self.host[len(full) :]  # noqa E203
+
+    def do(self, action: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        if action == "info":
+            self.info()
+            return
+        result = self.request(action, **kwargs).get("result")
+        if result:
+            out = (
+                dumps(result)
+                if isinstance(result, (list, dict))
+                else str(result)
+            )
+            sys.stdout.write(out + "\n")
+
+    def info(self) -> None:
+        out = sys.stdout.write
+        response = self.request("", "GET")
+        if self.raw or not response:
+            return
+        data = response["result"]
+        display = data.pop("info")
+        extra = display.pop("extra", {})
+        display["packages"] = ", ".join(display["packages"])
+        MOTDTTY(get_logo(), self.base_url, display, extra).display(
+            version=False,
+            action="Inspecting",
+            out=out,
+        )
+        for name, info in data["workers"].items():
+            info = "\n".join(
+                f"\t{key}: {Colors.BLUE}{value}{Colors.END}"
+                for key, value in info.items()
+            )
+            out(
+                "\n"
+                + indent(
+                    "\n".join(
+                        [
+                            f"{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.SANIC}{name}{Colors.END}",
+                            info,
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                    "  ",
+                )
+                + "\n"
+            )
+
+    def request(self, action: str, method: str = "POST", **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/{action}"
+        params: Dict[str, Any] = {"method": method, "headers": {}}
+        if kwargs:
+            params["data"] = dumps(kwargs).encode()
+            params["headers"]["content-type"] = "application/json"
+        if self.api_key:
+            params["headers"]["authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.api_key}"
+        request = URequest(url, **params)
+
+        try:
+            with urlopen(request) as response:  # nosec B310
+                raw = response.read()
+                loaded = loads(raw)
+                if self.raw:
+                    sys.stdout.write(dumps(loaded.get("result")) + "\n")
+                    return {}
+                return loaded
+        except (URLError, RemoteDisconnected) as e:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                f"{Colors.RED}Could not connect to inspector at: "
+                f"{Colors.YELLOW}{self.base_url}{Colors.END}\n"
+                "Either the application is not running, or it did not start "
+                f"an inspector instance.\n{e}\n"
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self):
+        return f"{self.scheme}://{self.host}:{self.port}"

sanic/compat.py

@@ -3,10 +3,23 @@ import os
 import signal
 import sys
 
-from typing import Awaitable
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Awaitable, Union
 
 from multidict import CIMultiDict  # type: ignore
 
+from sanic.helpers import Default
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    StartMethod = Union[Default, str]
+else:  # no cov
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    StartMethod = Union[
+        Default, Literal["fork"], Literal["forkserver"], Literal["spawn"]
+    ]
 
 OS_IS_WINDOWS = os.name == "nt"
 UVLOOP_INSTALLED = False
@@ -18,6 +31,40 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
+# Python 3.11 changed the way Enum formatting works for mixed-in types.
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11, 0):
+
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        pass
+
+else:
+    from enum import StrEnum  # type: ignore # noqa
+
+
+class UpperStrEnum(StrEnum):
+    def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
+        return name.upper()
+
+    def __eq__(self, value: object) -> bool:
+        value = str(value).upper()
+        return super().__eq__(value)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def use_context(method: StartMethod):
+    from sanic import Sanic
+
+    orig = Sanic.start_method
+    Sanic.start_method = method
+    yield
+    Sanic.start_method = orig
+
 
 def enable_windows_color_support():
     import ctypes

sanic/config.py

@@ -1,30 +1,55 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
+
+from abc import ABCMeta
 from inspect import getmembers, isclass, isdatadescriptor
 from os import environ
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Union
+from warnings import filterwarnings
 
 from sanic.constants import LocalCertCreator
 from sanic.errorpages import DEFAULT_FORMAT, check_error_format
 from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http import Http
-from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger
 from sanic.utils import load_module_from_file_location, str_to_bool
 
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    FilterWarningType = Union[
+        Literal["default"],
+        Literal["error"],
+        Literal["ignore"],
+        Literal["always"],
+        Literal["module"],
+        Literal["once"],
+    ]
+else:
+    FilterWarningType = str
+
 SANIC_PREFIX = "SANIC_"
 
 
 DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
     "_FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT": _default,
-    "ACCESS_LOG": True,
+    "ACCESS_LOG": False,
     "AUTO_EXTEND": True,
     "AUTO_RELOAD": False,
     "EVENT_AUTOREGISTER": False,
+    "DEPRECATION_FILTER": "once",
     "FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER": "X-Forwarded-For",
     "FORWARDED_SECRET": None,
     "GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT": 15.0,  # 15 sec
+    "INSPECTOR": False,
+    "INSPECTOR_HOST": "localhost",
+    "INSPECTOR_PORT": 6457,
+    "INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY": _default,
+    "INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT": _default,
+    "INSPECTOR_API_KEY": "",
     "KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT": 5,  # 5 seconds
     "KEEP_ALIVE": True,
     "LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR": LocalCertCreator.AUTO,
@@ -50,12 +75,8 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
     "WEBSOCKET_PING_TIMEOUT": 20,
 }
 
-# These values will be removed from the Config object in v22.6 and moved
-# to the application state
-DEPRECATED_CONFIG = ("SERVER_RUNNING", "RELOADER_PROCESS", "RELOADED_FILES")
 
-
+class DescriptorMeta(ABCMeta):
-class DescriptorMeta(type):
     def __init__(cls, *_):
         cls.__setters__ = {name for name, _ in getmembers(cls, cls._is_setter)}
 
@@ -69,9 +90,16 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
     AUTO_EXTEND: bool
     AUTO_RELOAD: bool
     EVENT_AUTOREGISTER: bool
+    DEPRECATION_FILTER: FilterWarningType
     FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER: str
     FORWARDED_SECRET: Optional[str]
     GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT: float
+    INSPECTOR: bool
+    INSPECTOR_HOST: str
+    INSPECTOR_PORT: int
+    INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY: Union[Path, str, Default]
+    INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT: Union[Path, str, Default]
+    INSPECTOR_API_KEY: str
     KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT: int
     KEEP_ALIVE: bool
     LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR: Union[str, LocalCertCreator]
@@ -99,7 +127,9 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        defaults: Dict[str, Union[str, bool, int, float, None]] = None,
+        defaults: Optional[
+            Dict[str, Union[str, bool, int, float, None]]
+        ] = None,
         env_prefix: Optional[str] = SANIC_PREFIX,
         keep_alive: Optional[bool] = None,
         *,
@@ -107,6 +137,7 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
     ):
         defaults = defaults or {}
         super().__init__({**DEFAULT_CONFIG, **defaults})
+        self._configure_warnings()
 
         self._converters = [str, str_to_bool, float, int]
 
@@ -127,19 +158,19 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
         self._check_error_format()
         self._init = True
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: Any):
         try:
             return self[attr]
         except KeyError as ke:
             raise AttributeError(f"Config has no '{ke.args[0]}'")
 
-    def __setattr__(self, attr, value) -> None:
+    def __setattr__(self, attr: str, value: Any) -> None:
         self.update({attr: value})
 
-    def __setitem__(self, attr, value) -> None:
+    def __setitem__(self, attr: str, value: Any) -> None:
         self.update({attr: value})
 
-    def update(self, *other, **kwargs) -> None:
+    def update(self, *other: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         kwargs.update({k: v for item in other for k, v in dict(item).items()})
         setters: Dict[str, Any] = {
             k: kwargs.pop(k)
@@ -172,10 +203,12 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
             self.LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR = LocalCertCreator[
                 self.LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR.upper()
             ]
+        elif attr == "DEPRECATION_FILTER":
+            self._configure_warnings()
 
     @property
     def FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT(self) -> str:
-        if self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT is _default:
+        if isinstance(self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT, Default):
             return DEFAULT_FORMAT
         return self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT
 
@@ -183,7 +216,7 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
     def FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT(self, value):
         self._check_error_format(value)
         if (
-            self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT is not _default
+            not isinstance(self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT, Default)
             and value != self._FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT
         ):
             error_logger.warning(
@@ -199,6 +232,13 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
             self.REQUEST_MAX_SIZE,
         )
 
+    def _configure_warnings(self):
+        filterwarnings(
+            self.DEPRECATION_FILTER,
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            module=r"sanic.*",
+        )
+
     def _check_error_format(self, format: Optional[str] = None):
         check_error_format(format or self.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT)
 
@@ -206,7 +246,9 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
         """
         Looks for prefixed environment variables and applies them to the
         configuration if present. This is called automatically when Sanic
-        starts up to load environment variables into config.
+        starts up to load environment variables into config. Environment
+        variables should start with the defined prefix and should only
+        contain uppercase letters.
 
         It will automatically hydrate the following types:
 
@@ -232,12 +274,9 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
         `See user guide re: config
         <https://sanicframework.org/guide/deployment/configuration.html>`__
         """
-        lower_case_var_found = False
         for key, value in environ.items():
-            if not key.startswith(prefix):
+            if not key.startswith(prefix) or not key.isupper():
                 continue
-            if not key.isupper():
-                lower_case_var_found = True
 
             _, config_key = key.split(prefix, 1)
 
@@ -247,12 +286,6 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
                     break
                 except ValueError:
                     pass
-        if lower_case_var_found:
-            deprecation(
-                "Lowercase environment variables will not be "
-                "loaded into Sanic config beginning in v22.9.",
-                22.9,
-            )
 
     def update_config(self, config: Union[bytes, str, dict, Any]):
         """

sanic/constants.py

@@ -1,20 +1,9 @@
-from enum import Enum, auto
+from enum import auto
+
+from sanic.compat import UpperStrEnum
 
 
-class HTTPMethod(str, Enum):
+class HTTPMethod(UpperStrEnum):
-    def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
-        return name.upper()
-
-    def __eq__(self, value: object) -> bool:
-        value = str(value).upper()
-        return super().__eq__(value)
-
-    def __hash__(self) -> int:
-        return hash(self.value)
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return self.value
-
     GET = auto()
     POST = auto()
     PUT = auto()
@@ -24,16 +13,22 @@ class HTTPMethod(str, Enum):
     DELETE = auto()
 
 
-class LocalCertCreator(str, Enum):
+class LocalCertCreator(UpperStrEnum):
-    def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
-        return name.upper()
-
     AUTO = auto()
     TRUSTME = auto()
     MKCERT = auto()
 
 
 HTTP_METHODS = tuple(HTTPMethod.__members__.values())
+SAFE_HTTP_METHODS = (HTTPMethod.GET, HTTPMethod.HEAD, HTTPMethod.OPTIONS)
+IDEMPOTENT_HTTP_METHODS = (
+    HTTPMethod.GET,
+    HTTPMethod.HEAD,
+    HTTPMethod.PUT,
+    HTTPMethod.DELETE,
+    HTTPMethod.OPTIONS,
+)
+CACHEABLE_HTTP_METHODS = (HTTPMethod.GET, HTTPMethod.HEAD)
 DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE = "application/octet-stream"
 DEFAULT_LOCAL_TLS_KEY = "key.pem"
 DEFAULT_LOCAL_TLS_CERT = "cert.pem"

sanic/errorpages.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Setting ``app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "auto"`` will enable a switch that
 will attempt to provide an appropriate response format based upon the
 request type.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 import typing as t
@@ -21,8 +22,7 @@ from traceback import extract_tb
 
 from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, SanicException
 from sanic.helpers import STATUS_CODES
-from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import html, json, text
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, html, json, text
 
 
 dumps: t.Callable[..., str]
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ try:
 except ImportError:  # noqa
     from json import dumps
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic import HTTPResponse, Request
 
 DEFAULT_FORMAT = "auto"
 FALLBACK_TEXT = (
@@ -404,16 +406,13 @@ CONTENT_TYPE_BY_RENDERERS = {
     v: k for k, v in RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.items()
 }
 
+# Handler source code is checked for which response types it returns with the
+# route error_format="auto" (default) to determine which format to use.
 RESPONSE_MAPPING = {
-    "empty": "html",
     "json": "json",
     "text": "text",
-    "raw": "text",
     "html": "html",
-    "file": "html",
+    "JSONResponse": "json",
-    "file_stream": "text",
-    "stream": "text",
-    "redirect": "html",
     "text/plain": "text",
     "text/html": "html",
     "application/json": "json",
@@ -448,8 +447,8 @@ def exception_response(
             # from the route
             if request.route:
                 try:
-                    if request.route.ctx.error_format:
+                    if request.route.extra.error_format:
-                        render_format = request.route.ctx.error_format
+                        render_format = request.route.extra.error_format
                 except AttributeError:
                     ...
 

sanic/exceptions.py

@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
+from asyncio import CancelledError
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
 
 from sanic.helpers import STATUS_CODES
 
 
+class RequestCancelled(CancelledError):
+    quiet = True
+
+
+class ServerKilled(Exception):
+    ...
+
+
 class SanicException(Exception):
     message: str = ""
 

sanic/handlers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from .content_range import ContentRangeHandler
+from .directory import DirectoryHandler
+from .error import ErrorHandler
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ContentRangeHandler",
+    "DirectoryHandler",
+    "ErrorHandler",
+)

sanic/handlers/content_range.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    HeaderNotFound,
+    InvalidRangeType,
+    RangeNotSatisfiable,
+)
+
+
+class ContentRangeHandler:
+    """
+    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
+    extract the content range information.
+
+    :param request: Incoming api request
+    :param stats: Stats related to the content
+
+    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
+    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
+
+    :ivar start: Content Range start
+    :ivar end: Content Range end
+    :ivar size: Length of the content
+    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
+        instance
+    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
+
+    def __init__(self, request, stats):
+        self.total = stats.st_size
+        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
+        if _range is None:
+            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
+        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
+        if unit != "bytes":
+            raise InvalidRangeType(
+                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
+            )
+        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
+        try:
+            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
+            )
+        try:
+            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
+            )
+        if self.end is None:
+            if self.start is None:
+                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+                )
+            else:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        else:
+            if self.start is None:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
+                self.start = self.total - self.end
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        if self.start >= self.end:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+            )
+        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
+        self.headers = {
+            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
+            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
+        }
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return self.size > 0

sanic/handlers/directory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from operator import itemgetter
+from pathlib import Path
+from stat import S_ISDIR
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+
+from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
+from sanic.pages.directory_page import DirectoryPage, FileInfo
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import file, html, redirect
+
+
+class DirectoryHandler:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        directory: Path,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(index, str):
+            index = [index]
+        elif index is None:
+            index = []
+        self.base = uri.strip("/")
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.directory_view = directory_view
+        self.index = tuple(index)
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request, path: str):
+        current = path.strip("/")[len(self.base) :].strip("/")  # noqa: E203
+        for file_name in self.index:
+            index_file = self.directory / current / file_name
+            if index_file.is_file():
+                return await file(index_file)
+
+        if self.directory_view:
+            return self._index(
+                self.directory / current, path, request.app.debug
+            )
+
+        if self.index:
+            raise NotFound("File not found")
+
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"{self.directory.as_posix()} is a directory")
+
+    def _index(self, location: Path, path: str, debug: bool):
+        # Remove empty path elements, append slash
+        if "//" in path or not path.endswith("/"):
+            return redirect(
+                "/" + "".join([f"{p}/" for p in path.split("/") if p])
+            )
+
+        # Render file browser
+        page = DirectoryPage(self._iter_files(location), path, debug)
+        return html(page.render())
+
+    def _prepare_file(self, path: Path) -> Dict[str, Union[int, str]]:
+        stat = path.stat()
+        modified = (
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime)
+            .isoformat()[:19]
+            .replace("T", " ")
+        )
+        is_dir = S_ISDIR(stat.st_mode)
+        icon = "📁" if is_dir else "📄"
+        file_name = path.name
+        if is_dir:
+            file_name += "/"
+        return {
+            "priority": is_dir * -1,
+            "file_name": file_name,
+            "icon": icon,
+            "file_access": modified,
+            "file_size": stat.st_size,
+        }
+
+    def _iter_files(self, location: Path) -> Iterable[FileInfo]:
+        prepared = [self._prepare_file(f) for f in location.iterdir()]
+        for item in sorted(prepared, key=itemgetter("priority", "file_name")):
+            del item["priority"]
+            yield cast(FileInfo, item)

sanic/handlers/error.py

@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
 from sanic.errorpages import BaseRenderer, TextRenderer, exception_response
-from sanic.exceptions import (
-    HeaderNotFound,
-    InvalidRangeType,
-    RangeNotSatisfiable,
-)
 from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
 from sanic.response import text
@@ -23,7 +18,6 @@ class ErrorHandler:
     by the developers to perform a wide range of tasks from recording the error
     stats to reporting them to an external service that can be used for
     realtime alerting system.
-
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -36,17 +30,31 @@ class ErrorHandler:
         self.debug = False
         self.base = base
 
-    @classmethod
-    def finalize(cls, *args, **kwargs):
-        deprecation(
-            "ErrorHandler.finalize is deprecated and no longer needed. "
-            "Please remove update your code to remove it. ",
-            22.12,
-        )
-
     def _full_lookup(self, exception, route_name: Optional[str] = None):
         return self.lookup(exception, route_name)
 
+    def _add(
+        self,
+        key: Tuple[Type[BaseException], Optional[str]],
+        handler: RouteHandler,
+    ) -> None:
+        if key in self.cached_handlers:
+            exc, name = key
+            if name is None:
+                name = "__ALL_ROUTES__"
+
+            error_logger.warning(
+                f"Duplicate exception handler definition on: route={name} "
+                f"and exception={exc}"
+            )
+            deprecation(
+                "A duplicate exception handler definition was discovered. "
+                "This may cause unintended consequences. A warning has been "
+                "issued now, but it will not be allowed starting in v23.3.",
+                23.3,
+            )
+        self.cached_handlers[key] = handler
+
     def add(self, exception, handler, route_names: Optional[List[str]] = None):
         """
         Add a new exception handler to an already existing handler object.
@@ -62,9 +70,9 @@ class ErrorHandler:
         """
         if route_names:
             for route in route_names:
-                self.cached_handlers[(exception, route)] = handler
+                self._add((exception, route), handler)
         else:
-            self.cached_handlers[(exception, None)] = handler
+            self._add((exception, None), handler)
 
     def lookup(self, exception, route_name: Optional[str] = None):
         """
@@ -182,74 +190,3 @@ class ErrorHandler:
             error_logger.exception(
                 "Exception occurred while handling uri: %s", url
             )
-
-
-class ContentRangeHandler:
-    """
-    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
-    extract the content range information.
-
-    :param request: Incoming api request
-    :param stats: Stats related to the content
-
-    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
-    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
-
-    :ivar start: Content Range start
-    :ivar end: Content Range end
-    :ivar size: Length of the content
-    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
-        instance
-    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
-
-    def __init__(self, request, stats):
-        self.total = stats.st_size
-        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
-        if _range is None:
-            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
-        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
-        if unit != "bytes":
-            raise InvalidRangeType(
-                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
-            )
-        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
-        try:
-            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
-            )
-        try:
-            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
-            )
-        if self.end is None:
-            if self.start is None:
-                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-                )
-            else:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        else:
-            if self.start is None:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
-                self.start = self.total - self.end
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        if self.start >= self.end:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-            )
-        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
-        self.headers = {
-            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
-            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
-        }
-
-    def __bool__(self):
-        return self.size > 0

sanic/headers.py

@@ -35,141 +35,96 @@ _host_re = re.compile(
 
 def parse_arg_as_accept(f):
     def func(self, other, *args, **kwargs):
-        if not isinstance(other, Accept) and other:
+        if not isinstance(other, MediaType) and other:
-            other = Accept.parse(other)
+            other = MediaType._parse(other)
         return f(self, other, *args, **kwargs)
 
     return func
 
 
-class MediaType(str):
+class MediaType:
-    def __new__(cls, value: str):
+    """A media type, as used in the Accept header."""
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
-
-    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
-        self.value = value
-        self.is_wildcard = self.check_if_wildcard(value)
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if self.is_wildcard:
-            return True
-
-        if self.match(other):
-            return True
-
-        other_is_wildcard = (
-            other.is_wildcard
-            if isinstance(other, MediaType)
-            else self.check_if_wildcard(other)
-        )
-
-        return other_is_wildcard
-
-    def match(self, other):
-        other_value = other.value if isinstance(other, MediaType) else other
-        return self.value == other_value
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def check_if_wildcard(value):
-        return value == "*"
-
-
-class Accept(str):
-    def __new__(cls, value: str, *args, **kwargs):
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str,
+        type_: str,
-        type_: MediaType,
+        subtype: str,
-        subtype: MediaType,
+        **params: str,
-        *,
-        q: str = "1.0",
-        **kwargs: str,
     ):
-        qvalue = float(q)
-        if qvalue > 1 or qvalue < 0:
-            raise InvalidHeader(
-                f"Accept header qvalue must be between 0 and 1, not: {qvalue}"
-            )
-        self.value = value
         self.type_ = type_
         self.subtype = subtype
-        self.qvalue = qvalue
+        self.q = float(params.get("q", "1.0"))
-        self.params = kwargs
+        self.params = params
+        self.mime = f"{type_}/{subtype}"
 
-    def _compare(self, other, method):
+    def __repr__(self):
-        try:
+        return self.mime + "".join(f";{k}={v}" for k, v in self.params.items())
-            return method(self.qvalue, other.qvalue)
+
-        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check for mime (str or MediaType) identical type/subtype."""
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            return self.mime == other
+        if isinstance(other, MediaType):
+            return self.mime == other.mime
         return NotImplemented
 
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __lt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __le__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __eq__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ge__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __gt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ne__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
     def match(
         self,
-        other,
+        mime: str,
-        *,
+        allow_type_wildcard=True,
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
+        allow_subtype_wildcard=True,
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
+    ) -> Optional[MediaType]:
-    ) -> bool:
+        """Check if this media type matches the given mime type/subtype.
-        type_match = (
+
-            self.type_ == other.type_
+        Wildcards are supported both ways on both type and subtype.
-            if allow_type_wildcard
+
-            else (
+        Note:  Use the `==` operator instead to check for literal matches
-                self.type_.match(other.type_)
+        without expanding wildcards.
-                and not self.type_.is_wildcard
+
-                and not other.type_.is_wildcard
+        @param media_type: A type/subtype string to match.
+        @return `self` if the media types are compatible, else `None`
+        """
+        mt = MediaType._parse(mime)
+        return (
+            self
+            if (
+                # Subtype match
+                (self.subtype in (mt.subtype, "*") or mt.subtype == "*")
+                # Type match
+                and (self.type_ in (mt.type_, "*") or mt.type_ == "*")
+                # Allow disabling wildcards (backwards compatibility with tests)
+                and (
+                    allow_type_wildcard
+                    or self.type_ != "*"
+                    and mt.type_ != "*"
+                )
+                and (
+                    allow_subtype_wildcard
+                    or self.subtype != "*"
+                    and mt.subtype != "*"
                 )
             )
-        subtype_match = (
+            else None
-            self.subtype == other.subtype
-            if allow_subtype_wildcard
-            else (
-                self.subtype.match(other.subtype)
-                and not self.subtype.is_wildcard
-                and not other.subtype.is_wildcard
-            )
         )
 
-        return type_match and subtype_match
+    @property
+    def has_wildcard(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if this media type has a wildcard in it."""
+        return "*" in (self.subtype, self.type_)
+
+    @property
+    def is_wildcard(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if this is the wildcard `*/*`"""
+        return self.type_ == "*" and self.subtype == "*"
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, raw: str) -> Accept:
+    def _parse(cls, mime_with_params: str) -> MediaType:
-        invalid = False
+        mtype = mime_with_params.strip()
-        mtype = raw.strip()
 
-        try:
         media, *raw_params = mtype.split(";")
-            type_, subtype = media.split("/")
+        type_, subtype = media.split("/", 1)
-        except ValueError:
+        if not type_ or not subtype:
-            invalid = True
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid media type: {mtype}")
-
-        if invalid or not type_ or not subtype:
-            raise InvalidHeader(f"Header contains invalid Accept value: {raw}")
 
         params = dict(
             [
@@ -178,28 +133,79 @@ class Accept(str):
             ]
         )
 
-        return cls(mtype, MediaType(type_), MediaType(subtype), **params)
+        return cls(type_.lstrip(), subtype.rstrip(), **params)
 
 
-class AcceptContainer(list):
+class Matched(str):
-    def __contains__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+    """A matching result of a MIME string against a MediaType."""
-        return any(item.match(o) for item in self)
 
-    def match(
+    def __new__(cls, mime: str, m: Optional[MediaType]):
-        self,
+        return super().__new__(cls, mime)
-        o: object,
+
-        *,
+    def __init__(self, mime: str, m: Optional[MediaType]):
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
+        self.m = m
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
+
-    ) -> bool:
+    def __repr__(self):
-        return any(
+        return f"<{self} matched {self.m}>" if self else "<no match>"
-            item.match(
+
-                o,
+
-                allow_type_wildcard=allow_type_wildcard,
+class AcceptList(list):
-                allow_subtype_wildcard=allow_subtype_wildcard,
+    """A list of media types, as used in the Accept header.
-            )
+
-            for item in self
+    The Accept header entries are listed in order of preference, starting
+    with the most preferred. This class is a list of `MediaType` objects,
+    that encapsulate also the q value or any other parameters.
+
+    Two separate methods are provided for searching the list:
+    - 'match' for finding the most preferred match (wildcards supported)
+    -  operator 'in' for checking explicit matches (wildcards as literals)
+    """
+
+    def match(self, *mimes: str) -> Matched:
+        """Find a media type accepted by the client.
+
+        This method can be used to find which of the media types requested by
+        the client is most preferred against the ones given as arguments.
+
+        The ordering of preference is set by:
+        1. The q values on the Accept header, and those being equal,
+        2. The order of the arguments (first is most preferred), and
+        3. The first matching entry on the Accept header.
+
+        Wildcards are matched both ways. A match is usually found, as the
+        Accept headers typically include `*/*`, in particular if the header
+        is missing, is not manually set, or if the client is a browser.
+
+        Note: the returned object behaves as a string of the mime argument
+        that matched, and is empty/falsy if no match was found. The matched
+        header entry `MediaType` or `None` is available as the `m` attribute.
+
+        @param mimes: Any MIME types to search for in order of preference.
+        @return A match object with the mime string and the MediaType object.
+        """
+        l = sorted(
+            [
+                (-acc.q, i, j, mime, acc)  # Sort by -q, i, j
+                for j, acc in enumerate(self)
+                for i, mime in enumerate(mimes)
+                if acc.match(mime)
+            ]
         )
+        return Matched(*(l[0][3:] if l else ("", None)))
+
+
+def parse_accept(accept: str) -> AcceptList:
+    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
+    accorsing to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
+    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
+    """
+    if not accept:
+        return AcceptList()
+    try:
+        a = [MediaType._parse(mtype) for mtype in accept.split(",")]
+        return AcceptList(sorted(a, key=lambda mtype: -mtype.q))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidHeader(f"Invalid header value in Accept: {accept}")
 
 
 def parse_content_header(value: str) -> Tuple[str, Options]:
@@ -368,34 +374,6 @@ def format_http1_response(status: int, headers: HeaderBytesIterable) -> bytes:
     return ret
 
 
-def _sort_accept_value(accept: Accept):
-    return (
-        accept.qvalue,
-        len(accept.params),
-        accept.subtype != "*",
-        accept.type_ != "*",
-    )
-
-
-def parse_accept(accept: str) -> AcceptContainer:
-    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
-    accorsing to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
-    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
-    """
-    media_types = accept.split(",")
-    accept_list: List[Accept] = []
-
-    for mtype in media_types:
-        if not mtype:
-            continue
-
-        accept_list.append(Accept.parse(mtype))
-
-    return AcceptContainer(
-        sorted(accept_list, key=_sort_accept_value, reverse=True)
-    )
-
-
 def parse_credentials(
     header: Optional[str],
     prefixes: Union[List, Tuple, Set] = None,

sanic/http/http1.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from sanic.exceptions import (
     BadRequest,
     ExpectationFailed,
     PayloadTooLarge,
+    RequestCancelled,
     ServerError,
     ServiceUnavailable,
 )
@@ -70,7 +71,6 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         "request_body",
         "request_bytes",
         "request_bytes_left",
-        "request_max_size",
         "response",
         "response_func",
         "response_size",
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
                 if self.stage is Stage.RESPONSE:
                     await self.response.send(end_stream=True)
-            except CancelledError:
+            except CancelledError as exc:
                 # Write an appropriate response before exiting
                 if not self.protocol.transport:
                     logger.info(
@@ -140,7 +140,11 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                         "stopped. Transport is closed."
                     )
                     return
-                e = self.exception or ServiceUnavailable("Cancelled")
+                e = (
+                    RequestCancelled()
+                    if self.protocol.conn_info.lost
+                    else (self.exception or exc)
+                )
                 self.exception = None
                 self.keep_alive = False
                 await self.error_response(e)
@@ -424,7 +428,13 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             if self.request is None:
                 self.create_empty_request()
 
-            await app.handle_exception(self.request, exception)
+            request_middleware = not isinstance(exception, ServiceUnavailable)
+            try:
+                await app.handle_exception(
+                    self.request, exception, request_middleware
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                await app.handle_exception(self.request, e, False)
 
     def create_empty_request(self) -> None:
         """

sanic/http/http3.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from sanic.exceptions import PayloadTooLarge, SanicException, ServerError
 from sanic.helpers import has_message_body
 from sanic.http.constants import Stage
 from sanic.http.stream import Stream
-from sanic.http.tls.context import CertSelector, CertSimple, SanicSSLContext
+from sanic.http.tls.context import CertSelector, SanicSSLContext
 from sanic.log import Colors, logger
 from sanic.models.protocol_types import TransportProtocol
 from sanic.models.server_types import ConnInfo
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def get_config(
     app: Sanic, ssl: Union[SanicSSLContext, CertSelector, SSLContext]
 ):
     # TODO:
-    # - proper selection needed if servince with multiple certs insted of
+    # - proper selection needed if service with multiple certs insted of
     #   just taking the first
     if isinstance(ssl, CertSelector):
         ssl = cast(SanicSSLContext, ssl.sanic_select[0])
@@ -389,8 +389,8 @@ def get_config(
             "should be able to use mkcert instead. For more information, see: "
             "https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic/issues/295."
         )
-    if not isinstance(ssl, CertSimple):
+    if not isinstance(ssl, SanicSSLContext):
-        raise SanicException("SSLContext is not CertSimple")
+        raise SanicException("SSLContext is not SanicSSLContext")
 
     config = QuicConfiguration(
         alpn_protocols=H3_ALPN + H0_ALPN + ["siduck"],

sanic/http/stream.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Stream:
     request_max_size: Union[int, float]
 
     __touchup__: Tuple[str, ...] = tuple()
-    __slots__ = ()
+    __slots__ = ("request_max_size",)
 
     def respond(
         self, response: BaseHTTPResponse

sanic/http/tls/context.py

@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@ def create_context(
     certfile: Optional[str] = None,
     keyfile: Optional[str] = None,
     password: Optional[str] = None,
+    purpose: ssl.Purpose = ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH,
 ) -> ssl.SSLContext:
     """Create a context with secure crypto and HTTP/1.1 in protocols."""
-    context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose=ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose=purpose)
     context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
     context.set_ciphers(":".join(CIPHERS_TLS12))
     context.set_alpn_protocols(["http/1.1"])
+    if purpose is ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH:
         context.sni_callback = server_name_callback
     if certfile and keyfile:
         context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, password)

sanic/http/tls/creators.py

@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ def get_ssl_context(
             "without passing a TLS certificate. If you are developing "
             "locally, please enable DEVELOPMENT mode and Sanic will "
             "generate a localhost TLS certificate. For more information "
-            "please see: ___."
+            "please see: https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/development."
+            "html#automatic-tls-certificate."
         )
 
     creator = CertCreator.select(
@@ -125,7 +126,6 @@ class CertCreator(ABC):
         local_tls_key,
         local_tls_cert,
     ) -> CertCreator:
-
         creator: Optional[CertCreator] = None
 
         cert_creator_options: Tuple[
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ class CertCreator(ABC):
             raise SanicException(
                 "Sanic could not find package to create a TLS certificate. "
                 "You must have either mkcert or trustme installed. See "
-                "_____ for more details."
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/development.html"
+                "#automatic-tls-certificate for more details."
             )
 
         return creator
@@ -203,7 +204,8 @@ class MkcertCreator(CertCreator):
                 "to proceed. Installation instructions can be found here: "
                 "https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert.\n"
                 "Find out more information about your options here: "
-                "_____"
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/development.html#"
+                "automatic-tls-certificate"
             ) from e
 
     def generate_cert(self, localhost: str) -> ssl.SSLContext:
@@ -240,7 +242,12 @@ class MkcertCreator(CertCreator):
                         self.cert_path.unlink()
                     self.tmpdir.rmdir()
 
-        return CertSimple(self.cert_path, self.key_path)
+        context = CertSimple(self.cert_path, self.key_path)
+        context.sanic["creator"] = "mkcert"
+        context.sanic["localhost"] = localhost
+        SanicSSLContext.create_from_ssl_context(context)
+
+        return context
 
 
 class TrustmeCreator(CertCreator):
@@ -255,24 +262,28 @@ class TrustmeCreator(CertCreator):
                 "to proceed. Installation instructions can be found here: "
                 "https://github.com/python-trio/trustme.\n"
                 "Find out more information about your options here: "
-                "_____"
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/development.html#"
+                "automatic-tls-certificate"
             )
 
     def generate_cert(self, localhost: str) -> ssl.SSLContext:
-        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        context = SanicSSLContext.create_from_ssl_context(
-        sanic_context = SanicSSLContext.create_from_ssl_context(context)
+            ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
-        sanic_context.sanic = {
+        )
+        context.sanic = {
             "cert": self.cert_path.absolute(),
             "key": self.key_path.absolute(),
         }
         ca = trustme.CA()
         server_cert = ca.issue_cert(localhost)
-        server_cert.configure_cert(sanic_context)
+        server_cert.configure_cert(context)
         ca.configure_trust(context)
 
         ca.cert_pem.write_to_path(str(self.cert_path.absolute()))
         server_cert.private_key_and_cert_chain_pem.write_to_path(
             str(self.key_path.absolute())
         )
+        context.sanic["creator"] = "trustme"
+        context.sanic["localhost"] = localhost
 
         return context

sanic/log.py

@@ -2,12 +2,23 @@ import logging
 import sys
 
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict
 from warnings import warn
 
 from sanic.compat import is_atty
 
 
+# Python 3.11 changed the way Enum formatting works for mixed-in types.
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11, 0):
+
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        pass
+
+else:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from enum import StrEnum
+
+
 LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS: Dict[str, Any] = dict(  # no cov
     version=1,
     disable_existing_loggers=False,
@@ -25,6 +36,12 @@ LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS: Dict[str, Any] = dict(  # no cov
             "propagate": True,
             "qualname": "sanic.access",
         },
+        "sanic.server": {
+            "level": "INFO",
+            "handlers": ["console"],
+            "propagate": True,
+            "qualname": "sanic.server",
+        },
     },
     handlers={
         "console": {
@@ -62,12 +79,13 @@ Defult logging configuration
 """
 
 
-class Colors(str, Enum):  # no cov
+class Colors(StrEnum):  # no cov
     END = "\033[0m"
-    BLUE = "\033[01;34m"
+    BOLD = "\033[1m"
-    GREEN = "\033[01;32m"
+    BLUE = "\033[34m"
-    PURPLE = "\033[01;35m"
+    GREEN = "\033[32m"
-    RED = "\033[01;31m"
+    PURPLE = "\033[35m"
+    RED = "\033[31m"
     SANIC = "\033[38;2;255;13;104m"
     YELLOW = "\033[01;33m"
 
@@ -100,6 +118,12 @@ Logger used by Sanic for access logging
 """
 access_logger.addFilter(_verbosity_filter)
 
+server_logger = logging.getLogger("sanic.server")  # no cov
+"""
+Logger used by Sanic for server related messages
+"""
+logger.addFilter(_verbosity_filter)
+
 
 def deprecation(message: str, version: float):  # no cov
     version_info = f"[DEPRECATION v{version}] "

sanic/middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import deque
+from enum import IntEnum, auto
+from itertools import count
+from typing import Deque, Sequence, Union
+
+from sanic.models.handler_types import MiddlewareType
+
+
+class MiddlewareLocation(IntEnum):
+    REQUEST = auto()
+    RESPONSE = auto()
+
+
+class Middleware:
+    _counter = count()
+
+    __slots__ = ("func", "priority", "location", "definition")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: MiddlewareType,
+        location: MiddlewareLocation,
+        priority: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.func = func
+        self.priority = priority
+        self.location = location
+        self.definition = next(Middleware._counter)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.func)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}("
+            f"func=<function {self.func.__name__}>, "
+            f"priority={self.priority}, "
+            f"location={self.location.name})"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def order(self):
+        return (self.priority, -self.definition)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def convert(
+        cls,
+        *middleware_collections: Sequence[Union[Middleware, MiddlewareType]],
+        location: MiddlewareLocation,
+    ) -> Deque[Middleware]:
+        return deque(
+            [
+                middleware
+                if isinstance(middleware, Middleware)
+                else Middleware(middleware, location)
+                for collection in middleware_collections
+                for middleware in collection
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def reset_count(cls):
+        cls._counter = count()
+        cls.count = next(cls._counter)

sanic/mixins/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+
+
+class BaseMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    name: str
+    strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
+
+    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
+        name = None
+
+        for obj in objects:
+            if obj:
+                if isinstance(obj, str):
+                    name = obj
+                    break
+
+                try:
+                    name = obj.name
+                except AttributeError:
+                    try:
+                        name = obj.__name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        if not name:  # noqa
+            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
+
+        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
+            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
+
+        return name

sanic/mixins/listeners.py

@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ class ListenerEvent(str, Enum):
     BEFORE_SERVER_STOP = "server.shutdown.before"
     AFTER_SERVER_STOP = "server.shutdown.after"
     MAIN_PROCESS_START = auto()
+    MAIN_PROCESS_READY = auto()
     MAIN_PROCESS_STOP = auto()
     RELOAD_PROCESS_START = auto()
     RELOAD_PROCESS_STOP = auto()
+    BEFORE_RELOAD_TRIGGER = auto()
+    AFTER_RELOAD_TRIGGER = auto()
 
 
 class ListenerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
@@ -98,6 +101,11 @@ class ListenerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
     ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
         return self.listener(listener, "main_process_start")
 
+    def main_process_ready(
+        self, listener: ListenerType[Sanic]
+    ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
+        return self.listener(listener, "main_process_ready")
+
     def main_process_stop(
         self, listener: ListenerType[Sanic]
     ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
@@ -113,6 +121,16 @@ class ListenerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
     ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
         return self.listener(listener, "reload_process_stop")
 
+    def before_reload_trigger(
+        self, listener: ListenerType[Sanic]
+    ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
+        return self.listener(listener, "before_reload_trigger")
+
+    def after_reload_trigger(
+        self, listener: ListenerType[Sanic]
+    ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:
+        return self.listener(listener, "after_reload_trigger")
+
     def before_server_start(
         self, listener: ListenerType[Sanic]
     ) -> ListenerType[Sanic]:

sanic/mixins/middleware.py

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
+from collections import deque
 from functools import partial
+from operator import attrgetter
 from typing import List
 
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+from sanic.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareLocation
 from sanic.models.futures import FutureMiddleware
+from sanic.router import Router
 
 
 class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    router: Router
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
         self._future_middleware: List[FutureMiddleware] = []
 
@@ -13,7 +19,12 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
 
     def middleware(
-        self, middleware_or_request, attach_to="request", apply=True
+        self,
+        middleware_or_request,
+        attach_to="request",
+        apply=True,
+        *,
+        priority=0
     ):
         """
         Decorate and register middleware to be called before a request
@@ -30,6 +41,12 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         def register_middleware(middleware, attach_to="request"):
             nonlocal apply
 
+            location = (
+                MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST
+                if attach_to == "request"
+                else MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE
+            )
+            middleware = Middleware(middleware, location, priority=priority)
             future_middleware = FutureMiddleware(middleware, attach_to)
             self._future_middleware.append(future_middleware)
             if apply:
@@ -46,7 +63,7 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                 register_middleware, attach_to=middleware_or_request
             )
 
-    def on_request(self, middleware=None):
+    def on_request(self, middleware=None, *, priority=0):
         """Register a middleware to be called before a request is handled.
 
         This is the same as *@app.middleware('request')*.
@@ -54,11 +71,13 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         :param: middleware: A callable that takes in request.
         """
         if callable(middleware):
-            return self.middleware(middleware, "request")
+            return self.middleware(middleware, "request", priority=priority)
         else:
-            return partial(self.middleware, attach_to="request")
+            return partial(
+                self.middleware, attach_to="request", priority=priority
+            )
 
-    def on_response(self, middleware=None):
+    def on_response(self, middleware=None, *, priority=0):
         """Register a middleware to be called after a response is created.
 
         This is the same as *@app.middleware('response')*.
@@ -67,6 +86,57 @@ class MiddlewareMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             A callable that takes in a request and its response.
         """
         if callable(middleware):
-            return self.middleware(middleware, "response")
+            return self.middleware(middleware, "response", priority=priority)
         else:
-            return partial(self.middleware, attach_to="response")
+            return partial(
+                self.middleware, attach_to="response", priority=priority
+            )
+
+    def finalize_middleware(self):
+        for route in self.router.routes:
+            request_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+                self.request_middleware,
+                self.named_request_middleware.get(route.name, deque()),
+                location=MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST,
+            )
+            response_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+                self.response_middleware,
+                self.named_response_middleware.get(route.name, deque()),
+                location=MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE,
+            )
+            route.extra.request_middleware = deque(
+                sorted(
+                    request_middleware,
+                    key=attrgetter("order"),
+                    reverse=True,
+                )
+            )
+            route.extra.response_middleware = deque(
+                sorted(
+                    response_middleware,
+                    key=attrgetter("order"),
+                    reverse=True,
+                )[::-1]
+            )
+        request_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+            self.request_middleware,
+            location=MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST,
+        )
+        response_middleware = Middleware.convert(
+            self.response_middleware,
+            location=MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE,
+        )
+        self.request_middleware = deque(
+            sorted(
+                request_middleware,
+                key=attrgetter("order"),
+                reverse=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.response_middleware = deque(
+            sorted(
+                response_middleware,
+                key=attrgetter("order"),
+                reverse=True,
+            )[::-1]
+        )

sanic/mixins/routes.py

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 from ast import NodeVisitor, Return, parse
 from contextlib import suppress
-from functools import partial, wraps
 from inspect import getsource, signature
-from mimetypes import guess_type
-from os import path
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from textwrap import dedent
-from time import gmtime, strftime
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Callable,
+    Dict,
     Iterable,
     List,
     Optional,
@@ -18,50 +14,31 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
     cast,
 )
-from urllib.parse import unquote
 
 from sanic_routing.route import Route
 
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
-from sanic.compat import stat_async
+from sanic.constants import HTTP_METHODS
-from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE, HTTP_METHODS
 from sanic.errorpages import RESPONSE_MAPPING
-from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
-from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
-from sanic.log import error_logger
 from sanic.models.futures import FutureRoute, FutureStatic
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream
 from sanic.types import HashableDict
 
 
 RouteWrapper = Callable[
     [RouteHandler], Union[RouteHandler, Tuple[Route, RouteHandler]]
 ]
-RESTRICTED_ROUTE_CONTEXT = (
-    "ignore_body",
-    "stream",
-    "hosts",
-    "static",
-    "error_format",
-    "websocket",
-)
 
 
-class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+class RouteMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
-    name: str
-
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
         self._future_routes: Set[FutureRoute] = set()
         self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
-        self.strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = False
 
     def _apply_route(self, route: FutureRoute) -> List[Route]:
         raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
 
-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
-
     def route(
         self,
         uri: str,
@@ -225,7 +202,8 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         stream: bool = False,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        unquote: bool = False,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """A helper method to register class instance or
         functions as a handler to the application url
@@ -271,6 +249,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             name=name,
             version_prefix=version_prefix,
             error_format=error_format,
+            unquote=unquote,
             **ctx_kwargs,
         )(handler)
         return handler
@@ -286,7 +265,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         ignore_body: bool = True,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **GET** *HTTP* method
@@ -329,7 +308,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **POST** *HTTP* method
@@ -372,7 +351,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **PUT** *HTTP* method
@@ -415,7 +394,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         ignore_body: bool = True,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **HEAD** *HTTP* method
@@ -466,7 +445,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         ignore_body: bool = True,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **OPTIONS** *HTTP* method
@@ -517,7 +496,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **PATCH** *HTTP* method
@@ -570,7 +549,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         ignore_body: bool = True,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> RouteHandler:
         """
         Add an API URL under the **DELETE** *HTTP* method
@@ -614,7 +593,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         apply: bool = True,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Decorate a function to be registered as a websocket route
@@ -658,7 +637,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         version_prefix: str = "/v",
         error_format: Optional[str] = None,
-        **ctx_kwargs,
+        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         A helper method to register a function as a websocket route.
@@ -693,317 +672,6 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             **ctx_kwargs,
         )(handler)
 
-    def static(
-        self,
-        uri,
-        file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath],
-        pattern=r"/?.+",
-        use_modified_since=True,
-        use_content_range=False,
-        stream_large_files=False,
-        name="static",
-        host=None,
-        strict_slashes=None,
-        content_type=None,
-        apply=True,
-        resource_type=None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
-        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
-        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
-
-        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
-        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
-            static files
-        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-            and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
-            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
-            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
-            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
-            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
-        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
-            URLs need to terminate with a */*
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: routes registered on the router
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        name = self._generate_name(name)
-
-        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
-            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
-
-        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
-            )
-
-        static = FutureStatic(
-            uri,
-            file_or_directory,
-            pattern,
-            use_modified_since,
-            use_content_range,
-            stream_large_files,
-            name,
-            host,
-            strict_slashes,
-            content_type,
-            resource_type,
-        )
-        self._future_statics.add(static)
-
-        if apply:
-            self._apply_static(static)
-
-    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
-        name = None
-
-        for obj in objects:
-            if obj:
-                if isinstance(obj, str):
-                    name = obj
-                    break
-
-                try:
-                    name = obj.name
-                except AttributeError:
-                    try:
-                        name = obj.__name__
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        continue
-                else:
-                    break
-
-        if not name:  # noqa
-            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
-
-        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
-            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
-
-        return name
-
-    async def _static_request_handler(
-        self,
-        file_or_directory,
-        use_modified_since,
-        use_content_range,
-        stream_large_files,
-        request,
-        content_type=None,
-        __file_uri__=None,
-    ):
-        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
-        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
-        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-        not_found = FileNotFound(
-            "File not found",
-            path=file_or_directory,
-            relative_url=__file_uri__,
-        )
-
-        if __file_uri__:
-            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
-            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
-            # absolute path
-            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
-            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
-            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-            if (
-                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
-            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-
-        try:
-            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
-        except ValueError:
-            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-        try:
-            headers = {}
-            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
-            # and it has not been modified since
-            stats = None
-            if use_modified_since:
-                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                modified_since = strftime(
-                    "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", gmtime(stats.st_mtime)
-                )
-                if (
-                    request.headers.getone("if-modified-since", None)
-                    == modified_since
-                ):
-                    return HTTPResponse(status=304)
-                headers["Last-Modified"] = modified_since
-            _range = None
-            if use_content_range:
-                _range = None
-                if not stats:
-                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
-                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
-                if request.method != "HEAD":
-                    try:
-                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
-                    except HeaderNotFound:
-                        pass
-                    else:
-                        del headers["Content-Length"]
-                        for key, value in _range.headers.items():
-                            headers[key] = value
-
-            if "content-type" not in headers:
-                content_type = (
-                    content_type
-                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
-                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
-                )
-
-                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
-                    content_type.startswith("text/")
-                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
-                ):
-                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
-
-                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
-
-            if request.method == "HEAD":
-                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
-            else:
-                if stream_large_files:
-                    if type(stream_large_files) == int:
-                        threshold = stream_large_files
-                    else:
-                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
-
-                    if not stats:
-                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
-                        return await file_stream(
-                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
-                        )
-                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
-        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
-            raise
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            raise not_found
-        except Exception:
-            error_logger.exception(
-                f"Exception in static request handler: "
-                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
-                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-            )
-            raise
-
-    def _register_static(
-        self,
-        static: FutureStatic,
-    ):
-        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
-        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
-        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
-        """
-        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
-        router and registering a handler.
-
-        :param app: Sanic
-        :param file_or_directory: File or directory path to serve from
-        :type file_or_directory: Union[str,bytes,Path]
-        :param uri: URL to serve from
-        :type uri: str
-        :param pattern: regular expression used to match files in the URL
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-                                not modified if the browser's matches the
-                                server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-                                and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the file_stream() handler
-                                rather than the file() handler to send the file
-                                If this is an integer, this represents the
-                                threshold size to switch to file_stream()
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :type name: str
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: registered static routes
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
-        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
-            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
-        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
-        else:
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
-
-        uri = static.uri
-        name = static.name
-        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
-        # serve from the folder
-        if not static.resource_type:
-            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
-            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
-                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-                )
-            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
-            file_or_directory
-        ):
-            raise TypeError(
-                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
-                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-            )
-        elif static.resource_type != "file":
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
-            )
-
-        # special prefix for static files
-        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
-        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
-
-        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
-            partial(
-                self._static_request_handler,
-                file_or_directory,
-                static.use_modified_since,
-                static.use_content_range,
-                static.stream_large_files,
-                content_type=static.content_type,
-            )
-        )
-
-        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
-            uri=uri,
-            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
-            name=name,
-            host=static.host,
-            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
-            static=True,
-        )(_handler)
-
-        return route
-
     def _determine_error_format(self, handler) -> str:
         with suppress(OSError, TypeError):
             src = dedent(getsource(handler))
@@ -1039,24 +707,12 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
 
         return types
 
-    def _build_route_context(self, raw):
+    def _build_route_context(self, raw: Dict[str, Any]) -> HashableDict:
         ctx_kwargs = {
             key.replace("ctx_", ""): raw.pop(key)
             for key in {**raw}.keys()
             if key.startswith("ctx_")
         }
-        restricted = [
-            key for key in ctx_kwargs.keys() if key in RESTRICTED_ROUTE_CONTEXT
-        ]
-        if restricted:
-            restricted_arguments = ", ".join(restricted)
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "Cannot use restricted route context: "
-                f"{restricted_arguments}. This limitation is only in place "
-                "until v22.9 when the restricted names will no longer be in"
-                "conflict. See https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/issues/2303 "
-                "for more information."
-            )
         if raw:
             unexpected_arguments = ", ".join(raw.keys())
             raise TypeError(

sanic/mixins/signals.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class SignalMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         event: Union[str, Enum],
         *,
         apply: bool = True,
-        condition: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        condition: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         exclusive: bool = True,
     ) -> Callable[[SignalHandler], SignalHandler]:
         """
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class SignalMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         self,
         handler: Optional[Callable[..., Any]],
         event: str,
-        condition: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        condition: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         exclusive: bool = True,
     ):
         if not handler:

sanic/mixins/startup.py

@@ -16,14 +16,18 @@ from asyncio import (
 from contextlib import suppress
 from functools import partial
 from importlib import import_module
+from multiprocessing import Manager, Pipe, get_context
+from multiprocessing.context import BaseContext
 from pathlib import Path
-from socket import socket
+from socket import SHUT_RDWR, socket
 from ssl import SSLContext
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
+    Callable,
     Dict,
     List,
+    Mapping,
     Optional,
     Set,
     Tuple,
@@ -32,24 +36,34 @@ from typing import (
     cast,
 )
 
-from sanic import reloader_helpers
+from sanic.application.ext import setup_ext
 from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
 from sanic.application.motd import MOTD
 from sanic.application.state import ApplicationServerInfo, Mode, ServerStage
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
-from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, is_atty
+from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, StartMethod, is_atty
-from sanic.helpers import _default
+from sanic.exceptions import ServerKilled
+from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http.constants import HTTP
 from sanic.http.tls import get_ssl_context, process_to_context
+from sanic.http.tls.context import SanicSSLContext
 from sanic.log import Colors, deprecation, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType
 from sanic.server import Signal as ServerSignal
 from sanic.server import try_use_uvloop
 from sanic.server.async_server import AsyncioServer
 from sanic.server.events import trigger_events
+from sanic.server.legacy import watchdog
+from sanic.server.loop import try_windows_loop
 from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import HttpProtocol
 from sanic.server.protocols.websocket_protocol import WebSocketProtocol
 from sanic.server.runners import serve, serve_multiple, serve_single
+from sanic.server.socket import configure_socket, remove_unix_socket
+from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader
+from sanic.worker.manager import WorkerManager
+from sanic.worker.multiplexer import WorkerMultiplexer
+from sanic.worker.reloader import Reloader
+from sanic.worker.serve import worker_serve
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -59,21 +73,37 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 SANIC_PACKAGES = ("sanic-routing", "sanic-testing", "sanic-ext")
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
     HTTPVersion = Union[HTTP, int]
-else:
+else:  # no cov
     from typing import Literal
 
     HTTPVersion = Union[HTTP, Literal[1], Literal[3]]
 
 
-class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
     _app_registry: Dict[str, Sanic]
-    asgi: bool
     config: Config
     listeners: Dict[str, List[ListenerType[Any]]]
     state: ApplicationState
     websocket_enabled: bool
+    multiplexer: WorkerMultiplexer
+    start_method: StartMethod = _default
+
+    def setup_loop(self):
+        if not self.asgi:
+            if self.config.USE_UVLOOP is True or (
+                isinstance(self.config.USE_UVLOOP, Default)
+                and not OS_IS_WINDOWS
+            ):
+                try_use_uvloop()
+            elif OS_IS_WINDOWS:
+                try_windows_loop()
+
+    @property
+    def m(self) -> WorkerMultiplexer:
+        """Interface for interacting with the worker processes"""
+        return self.multiplexer
 
     def make_coffee(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.state.coffee = True
@@ -96,7 +126,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         register_sys_signals: bool = True,
         access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
         unix: Optional[str] = None,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
         reload_dir: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
         noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
         motd: bool = True,
@@ -104,6 +134,8 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         verbosity: int = 0,
         motd_display: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
         auto_tls: bool = False,
+        single_process: bool = False,
+        legacy: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Run the HTTP Server and listen until keyboard interrupt or term
@@ -164,9 +196,17 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             verbosity=verbosity,
             motd_display=motd_display,
             auto_tls=auto_tls,
+            single_process=single_process,
+            legacy=legacy,
         )
 
-        self.__class__.serve(primary=self)  # type: ignore
+        if single_process:
+            serve = self.__class__.serve_single
+        elif legacy:
+            serve = self.__class__.serve_legacy
+        else:
+            serve = self.__class__.serve
+        serve(primary=self)  # type: ignore
 
     def prepare(
         self,
@@ -185,14 +225,17 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         register_sys_signals: bool = True,
         access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
         unix: Optional[str] = None,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
         reload_dir: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
         noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
         motd: bool = True,
         fast: bool = False,
         verbosity: int = 0,
         motd_display: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        coffee: bool = False,
         auto_tls: bool = False,
+        single_process: bool = False,
+        legacy: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         if version == 3 and self.state.server_info:
             raise RuntimeError(
@@ -205,6 +248,9 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             debug = True
             auto_reload = True
 
+        if debug and access_log is None:
+            access_log = True
+
         self.state.verbosity = verbosity
         if not self.state.auto_reload:
             self.state.auto_reload = bool(auto_reload)
@@ -212,6 +258,21 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         if fast and workers != 1:
             raise RuntimeError("You cannot use both fast=True and workers=X")
 
+        if single_process and (fast or (workers > 1) or auto_reload):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Single process cannot be run with multiple workers "
+                "or auto-reload"
+            )
+
+        if single_process and legacy:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot run single process and legacy mode")
+
+        if register_sys_signals is False and not (single_process or legacy):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot run Sanic.serve with register_sys_signals=False. "
+                "Use either Sanic.serve_single or Sanic.serve_legacy."
+            )
+
         if motd_display:
             self.config.MOTD_DISPLAY.update(motd_display)
 
@@ -235,12 +296,6 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                 "#asynchronous-support"
             )
 
-        if (
-            self.__class__.should_auto_reload()
-            and os.environ.get("SANIC_SERVER_RUNNING") != "true"
-        ):  # no cov
-            return
-
         if sock is None:
             host, port = self.get_address(host, port, version, auto_tls)
 
@@ -266,6 +321,9 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             except AttributeError:  # no cov
                 workers = os.cpu_count() or 1
 
+        if coffee:
+            self.state.coffee = True
+
         server_settings = self._helper(
             host=host,
             port=port,
@@ -284,10 +342,10 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             ApplicationServerInfo(settings=server_settings)
         )
 
-        if self.config.USE_UVLOOP is True or (
+        # if self.config.USE_UVLOOP is True or (
-            self.config.USE_UVLOOP is _default and not OS_IS_WINDOWS
+        #     self.config.USE_UVLOOP is _default and not OS_IS_WINDOWS
-        ):
+        # ):
-            try_use_uvloop()
+        #     try_use_uvloop()
 
     async def create_server(
         self,
@@ -297,12 +355,12 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         debug: bool = False,
         ssl: Union[None, SSLContext, dict, str, list, tuple] = None,
         sock: Optional[socket] = None,
-        protocol: Type[Protocol] = None,
+        protocol: Optional[Type[Protocol]] = None,
         backlog: int = 100,
         access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
         unix: Optional[str] = None,
         return_asyncio_server: bool = False,
-        asyncio_server_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        asyncio_server_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> Optional[AsyncioServer]:
         """
@@ -376,7 +434,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             run_async=return_asyncio_server,
         )
 
-        if self.config.USE_UVLOOP is not _default:
+        if not isinstance(self.config.USE_UVLOOP, Default):
             error_logger.warning(
                 "You are trying to change the uvloop configuration, but "
                 "this is only effective when using the run(...) method. "
@@ -396,18 +454,23 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             asyncio_server_kwargs=asyncio_server_kwargs, **server_settings
         )
 
-    def stop(self):
+    def stop(self, terminate: bool = True, unregister: bool = False):
         """
         This kills the Sanic
         """
+        if terminate and hasattr(self, "multiplexer"):
+            self.multiplexer.terminate()
         if self.state.stage is not ServerStage.STOPPED:
-            self.shutdown_tasks(timeout=0)
+            self.shutdown_tasks(timeout=0)  # type: ignore
             for task in all_tasks():
                 with suppress(AttributeError):
                     if task.get_name() == "RunServer":
                         task.cancel()
             get_event_loop().stop()
 
+        if unregister:
+            self.__class__.unregister_app(self)  # type: ignore
+
     def _helper(
         self,
         host: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -418,7 +481,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         sock: Optional[socket] = None,
         unix: Optional[str] = None,
         workers: int = 1,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
         protocol: Type[Protocol] = HttpProtocol,
         backlog: int = 100,
         register_sys_signals: bool = True,
@@ -469,7 +532,11 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
 
         self.motd(server_settings=server_settings)
 
-        if is_atty() and not self.state.is_debug:
+        if (
+            is_atty()
+            and not self.state.is_debug
+            and not os.environ.get("SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING")
+        ):
             error_logger.warning(
                 f"{Colors.YELLOW}Sanic is running in PRODUCTION mode. "
                 "Consider using '--debug' or '--dev' while actively "
@@ -495,18 +562,25 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
 
     def motd(
         self,
-        serve_location: str = "",
         server_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ):
-        if serve_location:
+        if (
-            deprecation(
+            os.environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_NAME")
-                "Specifying a serve_location in the MOTD is deprecated and "
+            or os.environ.get("SANIC_MOTD_OUTPUT")
-                "will be removed.",
+            or os.environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_PROCESS")
-                22.9,
+            or os.environ.get("SANIC_SERVER_RUNNING")
-            )
+        ):
-        else:
+            return
         serve_location = self.get_server_location(server_settings)
         if self.config.MOTD:
+            logo = get_logo(coffee=self.state.coffee)
+            display, extra = self.get_motd_data(server_settings)
+
+            MOTD.output(logo, serve_location, display, extra)
+
+    def get_motd_data(
+        self, server_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
         mode = [f"{self.state.mode},"]
         if self.state.fast:
             mode.append("goin' fast")
@@ -557,7 +631,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                 packages.append(
                     f"{package_name}=={module.__version__}"  # type: ignore
                 )
-                except ImportError:
+            except ImportError:  # no cov
                 ...
 
         if packages:
@@ -566,9 +640,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         if self.config.MOTD_DISPLAY:
             extra.update(self.config.MOTD_DISPLAY)
 
-            logo = get_logo(coffee=self.state.coffee)
+        return display, extra
-
-            MOTD.output(logo, serve_location, display, extra)
 
     @property
     def serve_location(self) -> str:
@@ -588,24 +660,20 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         if not server_settings:
             return serve_location
 
-        if server_settings["ssl"] is not None:
+        host = server_settings["host"]
+        port = server_settings["port"]
+
+        if server_settings.get("ssl") is not None:
             proto = "https"
-        if server_settings["unix"]:
+        if server_settings.get("unix"):
             serve_location = f'{server_settings["unix"]} {proto}://...'
-        elif server_settings["sock"]:
+        elif server_settings.get("sock"):
-            serve_location = (
+            host, port, *_ = server_settings["sock"].getsockname()
-                f'{server_settings["sock"].getsockname()} {proto}://...'
+
-            )
+        if not serve_location and host and port:
-        elif server_settings["host"] and server_settings["port"]:
             # colon(:) is legal for a host only in an ipv6 address
-            display_host = (
+            display_host = f"[{host}]" if ":" in host else host
-                f'[{server_settings["host"]}]'
+            serve_location = f"{proto}://{display_host}:{port}"
-                if ":" in server_settings["host"]
-                else server_settings["host"]
-            )
-            serve_location = (
-                f'{proto}://{display_host}:{server_settings["port"]}'
-            )
 
         return serve_location
 
@@ -625,7 +693,268 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         return any(app.state.auto_reload for app in cls._app_registry.values())
 
     @classmethod
-    def serve(cls, primary: Optional[Sanic] = None) -> None:
+    def _get_startup_method(cls) -> str:
+        return (
+            cls.start_method
+            if not isinstance(cls.start_method, Default)
+            else "spawn"
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_context(cls) -> BaseContext:
+        method = cls._get_startup_method()
+        logger.debug("Creating multiprocessing context using '%s'", method)
+        return get_context(method)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serve(
+        cls,
+        primary: Optional[Sanic] = None,
+        *,
+        app_loader: Optional[AppLoader] = None,
+        factory: Optional[Callable[[], Sanic]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        os.environ["SANIC_MOTD_OUTPUT"] = "true"
+        apps = list(cls._app_registry.values())
+        if factory:
+            primary = factory()
+        else:
+            if not primary:
+                if app_loader:
+                    primary = app_loader.load()
+                if not primary:
+                    try:
+                        primary = apps[0]
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            "Did not find any applications."
+                        ) from None
+
+            # This exists primarily for unit testing
+            if not primary.state.server_info:  # no cov
+                for app in apps:
+                    app.state.server_info.clear()
+                return
+
+        try:
+            primary_server_info = primary.state.server_info[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"No server information found for {primary.name}. Perhaps you "
+                "need to run app.prepare(...)?"
+            ) from None
+
+        socks = []
+        sync_manager = Manager()
+        setup_ext(primary)
+        exit_code = 0
+        try:
+            primary_server_info.settings.pop("main_start", None)
+            primary_server_info.settings.pop("main_stop", None)
+            main_start = primary.listeners.get("main_process_start")
+            main_stop = primary.listeners.get("main_process_stop")
+            app = primary_server_info.settings.pop("app")
+            app.setup_loop()
+            loop = new_event_loop()
+            trigger_events(main_start, loop, primary)
+
+            socks = [
+                sock
+                for sock in [
+                    configure_socket(server_info.settings)
+                    for app in apps
+                    for server_info in app.state.server_info
+                ]
+                if sock
+            ]
+            primary_server_info.settings["run_multiple"] = True
+            monitor_sub, monitor_pub = Pipe(True)
+            worker_state: Mapping[str, Any] = sync_manager.dict()
+            kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+                **primary_server_info.settings,
+                "monitor_publisher": monitor_pub,
+                "worker_state": worker_state,
+            }
+
+            if not app_loader:
+                if factory:
+                    app_loader = AppLoader(factory=factory)
+                else:
+                    app_loader = AppLoader(
+                        factory=partial(cls.get_app, app.name)  # type: ignore
+                    )
+            kwargs["app_name"] = app.name
+            kwargs["app_loader"] = app_loader
+            kwargs["server_info"] = {}
+            kwargs["passthru"] = {
+                "auto_reload": app.auto_reload,
+                "state": {
+                    "verbosity": app.state.verbosity,
+                    "mode": app.state.mode,
+                },
+                "config": {
+                    "ACCESS_LOG": app.config.ACCESS_LOG,
+                    "NOISY_EXCEPTIONS": app.config.NOISY_EXCEPTIONS,
+                },
+                "shared_ctx": app.shared_ctx.__dict__,
+            }
+            for app in apps:
+                kwargs["server_info"][app.name] = []
+                for server_info in app.state.server_info:
+                    server_info.settings = {
+                        k: v
+                        for k, v in server_info.settings.items()
+                        if k not in ("main_start", "main_stop", "app", "ssl")
+                    }
+                    kwargs["server_info"][app.name].append(server_info)
+
+            ssl = kwargs.get("ssl")
+
+            if isinstance(ssl, SanicSSLContext):
+                kwargs["ssl"] = kwargs["ssl"].sanic
+
+            manager = WorkerManager(
+                primary.state.workers,
+                worker_serve,
+                kwargs,
+                cls._get_context(),
+                (monitor_pub, monitor_sub),
+                worker_state,
+            )
+            if cls.should_auto_reload():
+                reload_dirs: Set[Path] = primary.state.reload_dirs.union(
+                    *(app.state.reload_dirs for app in apps)
+                )
+                reloader = Reloader(monitor_pub, 0, reload_dirs, app_loader)
+                manager.manage("Reloader", reloader, {}, transient=False)
+
+            inspector = None
+            if primary.config.INSPECTOR:
+                display, extra = primary.get_motd_data()
+                packages = [
+                    pkg.strip() for pkg in display["packages"].split(",")
+                ]
+                module = import_module("sanic")
+                sanic_version = f"sanic=={module.__version__}"  # type: ignore
+                app_info = {
+                    **display,
+                    "packages": [sanic_version, *packages],
+                    "extra": extra,
+                }
+                inspector = primary.inspector_class(
+                    monitor_pub,
+                    app_info,
+                    worker_state,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_HOST,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_PORT,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_API_KEY,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT,
+                )
+                manager.manage("Inspector", inspector, {}, transient=False)
+
+            primary._inspector = inspector
+            primary._manager = manager
+
+            ready = primary.listeners["main_process_ready"]
+            trigger_events(ready, loop, primary)
+
+            manager.run()
+        except ServerKilled:
+            exit_code = 1
+        except BaseException:
+            kwargs = primary_server_info.settings
+            error_logger.exception(
+                "Experienced exception while trying to serve"
+            )
+            raise
+        finally:
+            logger.info("Server Stopped")
+            for app in apps:
+                app.state.server_info.clear()
+                app.router.reset()
+                app.signal_router.reset()
+
+            sync_manager.shutdown()
+            for sock in socks:
+                sock.shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)
+                sock.close()
+            socks = []
+            trigger_events(main_stop, loop, primary)
+            loop.close()
+            cls._cleanup_env_vars()
+            cls._cleanup_apps()
+            unix = kwargs.get("unix")
+            if unix:
+                remove_unix_socket(unix)
+        if exit_code:
+            os._exit(exit_code)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serve_single(cls, primary: Optional[Sanic] = None) -> None:
+        os.environ["SANIC_MOTD_OUTPUT"] = "true"
+        apps = list(cls._app_registry.values())
+
+        if not primary:
+            try:
+                primary = apps[0]
+            except IndexError:
+                raise RuntimeError("Did not find any applications.")
+
+        # This exists primarily for unit testing
+        if not primary.state.server_info:  # no cov
+            for app in apps:
+                app.state.server_info.clear()
+            return
+
+        primary_server_info = primary.state.server_info[0]
+        primary.before_server_start(partial(primary._start_servers, apps=apps))
+        kwargs = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in primary_server_info.settings.items()
+            if k
+            not in (
+                "main_start",
+                "main_stop",
+                "app",
+            )
+        }
+        kwargs["app_name"] = primary.name
+        kwargs["app_loader"] = None
+        sock = configure_socket(kwargs)
+
+        kwargs["server_info"] = {}
+        kwargs["server_info"][primary.name] = []
+        for server_info in primary.state.server_info:
+            server_info.settings = {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in server_info.settings.items()
+                if k not in ("main_start", "main_stop", "app")
+            }
+            kwargs["server_info"][primary.name].append(server_info)
+
+        try:
+            worker_serve(monitor_publisher=None, **kwargs)
+        except BaseException:
+            error_logger.exception(
+                "Experienced exception while trying to serve"
+            )
+            raise
+        finally:
+            logger.info("Server Stopped")
+            for app in apps:
+                app.state.server_info.clear()
+                app.router.reset()
+                app.signal_router.reset()
+
+            if sock:
+                sock.close()
+
+            cls._cleanup_env_vars()
+            cls._cleanup_apps()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serve_legacy(cls, primary: Optional[Sanic] = None) -> None:
         apps = list(cls._app_registry.values())
 
         if not primary:
@@ -646,7 +975,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             reload_dirs: Set[Path] = primary.state.reload_dirs.union(
                 *(app.state.reload_dirs for app in apps)
             )
-            reloader_helpers.watchdog(1.0, reload_dirs)
+            watchdog(1.0, reload_dirs)
             trigger_events(reloader_stop, loop, primary)
             return
 
@@ -659,11 +988,17 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         primary_server_info = primary.state.server_info[0]
         primary.before_server_start(partial(primary._start_servers, apps=apps))
 
+        deprecation(
+            f"{Colors.YELLOW}Running {Colors.SANIC}Sanic {Colors.YELLOW}w/ "
+            f"LEGACY manager.{Colors.END} Support for will be dropped in "
+            "version 23.3.",
+            23.3,
+        )
         try:
             primary_server_info.stage = ServerStage.SERVING
 
             if primary.state.workers > 1 and os.name != "posix":  # no cov
-                logger.warn(
+                logger.warning(
                     f"Multiprocessing is currently not supported on {os.name},"
                     " using workers=1 instead"
                 )
@@ -684,10 +1019,9 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         finally:
             primary_server_info.stage = ServerStage.STOPPED
         logger.info("Server Stopped")
-        for app in apps:
+
-            app.state.server_info.clear()
+        cls._cleanup_env_vars()
-            app.router.reset()
+        cls._cleanup_apps()
-            app.signal_router.reset()
 
     async def _start_servers(
         self,
@@ -725,7 +1059,7 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                         *server_info.settings.pop("main_start", []),
                         *server_info.settings.pop("main_stop", []),
                     ]
-                    if handlers:
+                    if handlers:  # no cov
                         error_logger.warning(
                             f"Sanic found {len(handlers)} listener(s) on "
                             "secondary applications attached to the main "
@@ -738,12 +1072,15 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                     if not server_info.settings["loop"]:
                         server_info.settings["loop"] = get_running_loop()
 
-                    try:
+                    serve_args: Dict[str, Any] = {
-                        server_info.server = await serve(
                         **server_info.settings,
-                            run_async=True,
+                        "run_async": True,
-                            reuse_port=bool(primary.state.workers - 1),
+                        "reuse_port": bool(primary.state.workers - 1),
-                        )
+                    }
+                    if "app" not in serve_args:
+                        serve_args["app"] = app
+                    try:
+                        server_info.server = await serve(**serve_args)
                     except OSError as e:  # no cov
                         first_message = (
                             "An OSError was detected on startup. "
@@ -769,10 +1106,9 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
 
     async def _run_server(
         self,
-        app: RunnerMixin,
+        app: StartupMixin,
         server_info: ApplicationServerInfo,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> None:  # no cov
-
         try:
             # We should never get to this point without a server
             # This is primarily to keep mypy happy
@@ -795,3 +1131,26 @@ class RunnerMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         finally:
             server_info.stage = ServerStage.STOPPED
             server_info.server = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cleanup_env_vars():
+        variables = (
+            "SANIC_RELOADER_PROCESS",
+            "SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING",
+            "SANIC_WORKER_NAME",
+            "SANIC_MOTD_OUTPUT",
+            "SANIC_WORKER_PROCESS",
+            "SANIC_SERVER_RUNNING",
+        )
+        for var in variables:
+            try:
+                del os.environ[var]
+            except KeyError:
+                ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _cleanup_apps(cls):
+        for app in cls._app_registry.values():
+            app.state.server_info.clear()
+            app.router.reset()
+            app.signal_router.reset()

sanic/mixins/static.py

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from email.utils import formatdate
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from mimetypes import guess_type
+from os import PathLike, path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from typing import Optional, Sequence, Set, Union, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from sanic_routing.route import Route
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+from sanic.compat import stat_async
+from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
+from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
+from sanic.models.futures import FutureStatic
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream, validate_file
+
+
+class StaticMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
+
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
+
+    def static(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        file_or_directory: Union[PathLike, str, bytes],
+        pattern: str = r"/?.+",
+        use_modified_since: bool = True,
+        use_content_range: bool = False,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int] = False,
+        name: str = "static",
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        apply: bool = True,
+        resource_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        directory_handler: Optional[DirectoryHandler] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
+        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
+        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
+
+        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
+        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
+            static files
+        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
+        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
+            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
+        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
+            and sends the file part that is requested
+        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
+            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
+            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
+            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
+            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
+        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
+        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
+        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
+            URLs need to terminate with a */*
+        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
+        :param apply: If true, will register the route immediately
+        :param resource_type: Explicitly declare a resource to be a "
+            file" or a "dir"
+        :param index: When exposing against a directory, index is the name that
+            will be served as the default file. When multiple files names are
+            passed, then they will be tried in order.
+        :param directory_view: Whether to fallback to showing the directory
+            viewer when exposing a directory
+        :param directory_handler: An instance of :class:`DirectoryHandler`
+            that can be used for explicitly controlling and subclassing the
+            behavior of the default directory handler
+        :return: routes registered on the router
+        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
+        """
+
+        name = self._generate_name(name)
+
+        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
+            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
+
+        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(file_or_directory, bytes):
+            deprecation(
+                "Serving a static directory with a bytes string is "
+                "deprecated and will be removed in v22.9.",
+                22.9,
+            )
+            file_or_directory = cast(str, file_or_directory.decode())
+        file_or_directory = Path(file_or_directory)
+
+        if directory_handler and (directory_view or index):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When explicitly setting directory_handler, you cannot "
+                "set either directory_view or index. Instead, pass "
+                "these arguments to your DirectoryHandler instance."
+            )
+
+        if not directory_handler:
+            directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(
+                uri=uri,
+                directory=file_or_directory,
+                directory_view=directory_view,
+                index=index,
+            )
+
+        static = FutureStatic(
+            uri,
+            file_or_directory,
+            pattern,
+            use_modified_since,
+            use_content_range,
+            stream_large_files,
+            name,
+            host,
+            strict_slashes,
+            content_type,
+            resource_type,
+            directory_handler,
+        )
+        self._future_statics.add(static)
+
+        if apply:
+            self._apply_static(static)
+
+
+class StaticHandleMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        return self._register_static(static)
+
+    def _register_static(
+        self,
+        static: FutureStatic,
+    ):
+        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
+        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
+        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
+        """
+        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
+        router and registering a handler.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
+            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
+        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
+        else:
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
+
+        uri = static.uri
+        name = static.name
+        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
+        # serve from the folder
+        if not static.resource_type:
+            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
+            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
+                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+                )
+            uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
+            file_or_directory
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
+                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+            )
+        elif static.resource_type != "file":
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
+            )
+
+        # special prefix for static files
+        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
+        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
+
+        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
+            partial(
+                self._static_request_handler,
+                file_or_directory=file_or_directory,
+                use_modified_since=static.use_modified_since,
+                use_content_range=static.use_content_range,
+                stream_large_files=static.stream_large_files,
+                content_type=static.content_type,
+                directory_handler=static.directory_handler,
+            )
+        )
+
+        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
+            uri=uri,
+            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
+            name=name,
+            host=static.host,
+            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
+            static=True,
+        )(_handler)
+
+        return route
+
+    async def _static_request_handler(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        file_or_directory: PathLike,
+        use_modified_since: bool,
+        use_content_range: bool,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int],
+        directory_handler: DirectoryHandler,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        __file_uri__: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        not_found = FileNotFound(
+            "File not found",
+            path=file_or_directory,
+            relative_url=__file_uri__,
+        )
+
+        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
+        file_path = await self._get_file_path(
+            file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found
+        )
+
+        try:
+            headers = {}
+            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
+            # and it has not been modified since
+            stats = None
+            if use_modified_since:
+                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                modified_since = stats.st_mtime
+                response = await validate_file(request.headers, modified_since)
+                if response:
+                    return response
+                headers["Last-Modified"] = formatdate(
+                    modified_since, usegmt=True
+                )
+            _range = None
+            if use_content_range:
+                _range = None
+                if not stats:
+                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
+                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
+                if request.method != "HEAD":
+                    try:
+                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
+                    except HeaderNotFound:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        del headers["Content-Length"]
+                        headers.update(_range.headers)
+
+            if "content-type" not in headers:
+                content_type = (
+                    content_type
+                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
+                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+                )
+
+                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
+                    content_type.startswith("text/")
+                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
+                ):
+                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
+
+                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+            if request.method == "HEAD":
+                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
+            else:
+                if stream_large_files:
+                    if isinstance(stream_large_files, bool):
+                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
+                    else:
+                        threshold = stream_large_files
+
+                    if not stats:
+                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
+                        return await file_stream(
+                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
+                        )
+                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
+        except (IsADirectoryError, PermissionError):
+            return await directory_handler.handle(request, request.path)
+        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
+            raise
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise not_found
+        except Exception:
+            error_logger.exception(
+                "Exception in static request handler: "
+                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
+                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+            )
+            raise
+
+    async def _get_file_path(self, file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found):
+        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
+        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+
+        if __file_uri__:
+            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
+            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
+            # absolute path
+            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
+            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
+            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+            if (
+                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
+            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+
+        try:
+            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
+        except ValueError:
+            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+        return file_path

sanic/models/futures.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from pathlib import PurePath
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union
 
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
 from sanic.models.handler_types import (
     ErrorMiddlewareType,
     ListenerType,
@@ -46,16 +47,17 @@ class FutureException(NamedTuple):
 
 class FutureStatic(NamedTuple):
     uri: str
-    file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath]
+    file_or_directory: Path
     pattern: str
     use_modified_since: bool
     use_content_range: bool
-    stream_large_files: bool
+    stream_large_files: Union[bool, int]
     name: str
     host: Optional[str]
     strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
-    content_type: Optional[bool]
+    content_type: Optional[str]
     resource_type: Optional[str]
+    directory_handler: DirectoryHandler
 
 
 class FutureSignal(NamedTuple):

sanic/models/server_types.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class ConnInfo:
         "client",
         "client_ip",
         "ctx",
+        "lost",
         "peername",
         "server_port",
         "server",
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ class ConnInfo:
 
     def __init__(self, transport: TransportProtocol, unix=None):
         self.ctx = SimpleNamespace()
+        self.lost = False
         self.peername = None
         self.server = self.client = ""
         self.server_port = self.client_port = 0

sanic/pages/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+from html5tagger import HTML, Document
+
+from sanic import __version__ as VERSION
+from sanic.application.logo import SVG_LOGO
+from sanic.pages.css import CSS
+
+
+class BasePage(ABC, metaclass=CSS):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Unknown"
+    CSS: str
+
+    def __init__(self, debug: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.doc = Document(self.TITLE, lang="en")
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    @property
+    def style(self) -> str:
+        return self.CSS
+
+    def render(self) -> str:
+        self._head()
+        self._body()
+        self._foot()
+        return str(self.doc)
+
+    def _head(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.style(HTML(self.style))
+        with self.doc.header:
+            self.doc.div(self.TITLE)
+
+    def _foot(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.footer:
+            self.doc.div("powered by")
+            with self.doc.div:
+                self._sanic_logo()
+            if self.debug:
+                self.doc.div(f"Version {VERSION}")
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def _sanic_logo(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.a(
+            HTML(SVG_LOGO),
+            href="https://sanic.dev",
+            target="_blank",
+            referrerpolicy="no-referrer",
+        )

sanic/pages/css.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+CURRENT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def _extract_style(maybe_style: Optional[str], name: str) -> str:
+    if maybe_style is not None:
+        maybe_path = Path(maybe_style)
+        if maybe_path.exists():
+            return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+        return maybe_style
+    maybe_path = CURRENT_DIR / "styles" / f"{name}.css"
+    if maybe_path.exists():
+        return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+    return ""
+
+
+class CSS(ABCMeta):
+    """Cascade stylesheets, i.e. combine all ancestor styles"""
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+        Page = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
+        # Use a locally defined STYLE or the one from styles directory
+        s = _extract_style(attrs.get("STYLE"), name)
+        Page.STYLE = f"\n/* {name} */\n{s.strip()}\n" if s else ""
+        # Combine with all ancestor styles
+        Page.CSS = "".join(
+            Class.STYLE
+            for Class in reversed(Page.__mro__)
+            if type(Class) is CSS
+        )
+        return Page

sanic/pages/directory_page.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import sys
+
+from typing import Dict, Iterable
+
+from html5tagger import E
+
+from .base import BasePage
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    FileInfo = Dict
+
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class FileInfo(TypedDict):
+        icon: str
+        file_name: str
+        file_access: str
+        file_size: str
+
+
+class DirectoryPage(BasePage):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Directory Viewer"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, files: Iterable[FileInfo], url: str, debug: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(debug)
+        self.files = files
+        self.url = url
+
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.main:
+            self._headline()
+            files = list(self.files)
+            if files:
+                self._file_table(files)
+            else:
+                self.doc.p("The folder is empty.")
+
+    def _headline(self):
+        """Implement a heading with the current path, combined with
+        breadcrumb links"""
+        with self.doc.h1(id="breadcrumbs"):
+            p = self.url.split("/")[:-1]
+
+            for i, part in enumerate(p):
+                path = "/".join(p[: i + 1]) + "/"
+                with self.doc.a(href=path):
+                    self.doc.span(part, class_="dir").span("/", class_="sep")
+
+    def _file_table(self, files: Iterable[FileInfo]):
+        with self.doc.table(class_="autoindex container"):
+            for f in files:
+                self._file_row(**f)
+
+    def _file_row(
+        self,
+        icon: str,
+        file_name: str,
+        file_access: str,
+        file_size: str,
+    ):
+        first = E.span(icon, class_="icon").a(file_name, href=file_name)
+        self.doc.tr.td(first).td(file_size).td(file_access)

sanic/pages/styles/BasePage.css

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+html {
+    font: 16px sans-serif;
+    background: #eee;
+    color: #111;
+}
+
+body {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+body>* {
+    padding: 1rem 2vw;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1200px) {
+    body>* {
+        padding: 0.5rem 1.5vw;
+    }
+
+    body {
+        font-size: 1rem;
+    }
+}
+
+.container {
+    min-width: 600px;
+    max-width: 1600px;
+}
+
+header {
+    background: #111;
+    color: #e1e1e1;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #272727;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+footer {
+    text-align: center;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    margin-top: 2rem;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+    color: inherit;
+}
+
+a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: #88f;
+}
+
+a:hover,
+a:focus {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+    outline: none;
+}
+
+#logo {
+    height: 1.75rem;
+    padding: 0 0.25rem;
+}
+
+span.icon {
+    margin-right: 1rem;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    html {
+        background: #111;
+        color: #ccc;
+    }
+}

sanic/pages/styles/DirectoryPage.css

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#breadcrumbs>a:hover {
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir {
+    padding: 0 0.25em;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child:hover::before,
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child::before {
+    content: "🏠";
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:last-child {
+    color: #ff0d68;
+}
+
+main a {
+    color: inherit;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table.autoindex {
+    width: 100%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr {
+    display: flex;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr:hover {
+    background-color: #ddd;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td {
+    margin: 0 0.5rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:first-child {
+    flex: 1;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:nth-child(2) {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:last-child {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    table.autoindex tr:hover {
+        background-color: #222;
+    }
+}

sanic/request.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sanic.app import Sanic
 
 import email.utils
+import unicodedata
 import uuid
 
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -38,10 +39,15 @@ from httptools import parse_url
 from httptools.parser.errors import HttpParserInvalidURLError
 
 from sanic.compat import CancelledErrors, Header
-from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+from sanic.constants import (
+    CACHEABLE_HTTP_METHODS,
+    DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE,
+    IDEMPOTENT_HTTP_METHODS,
+    SAFE_HTTP_METHODS,
+)
 from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, BadURL, ServerError
 from sanic.headers import (
-    AcceptContainer,
+    AcceptList,
     Options,
     parse_accept,
     parse_content_header,
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ from sanic.headers import (
     parse_xforwarded,
 )
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.protocol_types import TransportProtocol
 from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse
 
@@ -98,6 +104,8 @@ class Request:
         "_port",
         "_protocol",
         "_remote_addr",
+        "_request_middleware_started",
+        "_response_middleware_started",
         "_scheme",
         "_socket",
         "_stream_id",
@@ -121,7 +129,6 @@ class Request:
         "parsed_token",
         "raw_url",
         "responded",
-        "request_middleware_started",
         "route",
         "stream",
         "transport",
@@ -139,7 +146,6 @@ class Request:
         head: bytes = b"",
         stream_id: int = 0,
     ):
-
         self.raw_url = url_bytes
         try:
             self._parsed_url = parse_url(url_bytes)
@@ -161,7 +167,7 @@ class Request:
         self.conn_info: Optional[ConnInfo] = None
         self.ctx = SimpleNamespace()
         self.parsed_forwarded: Optional[Options] = None
-        self.parsed_accept: Optional[AcceptContainer] = None
+        self.parsed_accept: Optional[AcceptList] = None
         self.parsed_credentials: Optional[Credentials] = None
         self.parsed_json = None
         self.parsed_form: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
@@ -173,7 +179,8 @@ class Request:
         self.parsed_not_grouped_args: DefaultDict[
             Tuple[bool, bool, str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]
         ] = defaultdict(list)
-        self.request_middleware_started = False
+        self._request_middleware_started = False
+        self._response_middleware_started = False
         self.responded: bool = False
         self.route: Optional[Route] = None
         self.stream: Optional[Stream] = None
@@ -188,7 +195,7 @@ class Request:
     @classmethod
     def get_current(cls) -> Request:
         """
-        Retrieve the currrent request object
+        Retrieve the current request object
 
         This implements `Context Variables
         <https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextvars.html>`_
@@ -214,6 +221,16 @@ class Request:
     def generate_id(*_):
         return uuid.uuid4()
 
+    @property
+    def request_middleware_started(self):
+        deprecation(
+            "Request.request_middleware_started has been deprecated and will"
+            "be removed. You should set a flag on the request context using"
+            "either middleware or signals if you need this feature.",
+            23.3,
+        )
+        return self._request_middleware_started
+
     @property
     def stream_id(self):
         """
@@ -319,8 +336,13 @@ class Request:
                 response = await response  # type: ignore
         # Run response middleware
         try:
+            middleware = (
+                self.route and self.route.extra.response_middleware
+            ) or self.app.response_middleware
+            if middleware and not self._response_middleware_started:
+                self._response_middleware_started = True
                 response = await self.app._run_response_middleware(
-                self, response, request_name=self.name
+                    self, response, middleware
                 )
         except CancelledErrors:
             raise
@@ -477,7 +499,7 @@ class Request:
         return self.parsed_json
 
     @property
-    def accept(self) -> AcceptContainer:
+    def accept(self) -> AcceptList:
         """
         :return: The ``Accept`` header parsed
         :rtype: AcceptContainer
@@ -975,6 +997,33 @@ class Request:
 
         return self.transport.scope
 
+    @property
+    def is_safe(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :return: Whether the HTTP method is safe.
+            See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-4.2.1
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return self.method in SAFE_HTTP_METHODS
+
+    @property
+    def is_idempotent(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :return: Whether the HTTP method is iempotent.
+            See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-4.2.2
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return self.method in IDEMPOTENT_HTTP_METHODS
+
+    @property
+    def is_cacheable(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :return: Whether the HTTP method is cacheable.
+            See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-4.2.3
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return self.method in CACHEABLE_HTTP_METHODS
+
 
 class File(NamedTuple):
     """
@@ -1035,6 +1084,16 @@ def parse_multipart_form(body, boundary):
                         form_parameters["filename*"]
                     )
                     file_name = unquote(value, encoding=encoding)
+
+                # Normalize to NFC (Apple MacOS/iOS send NFD)
+                # Notes:
+                # - No effect for Windows, Linux or Android clients which
+                #   already send NFC
+                # - Python open() is tricky (creates files in NFC no matter
+                #   which form you use)
+                if file_name is not None:
+                    file_name = unicodedata.normalize("NFC", file_name)
+
             elif form_header_field == "content-type":
                 content_type = form_header_value
                 content_charset = form_parameters.get("charset", "utf-8")

sanic/response/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from .convenience import (
+    empty,
+    file,
+    file_stream,
+    html,
+    json,
+    raw,
+    redirect,
+    text,
+    validate_file,
+)
+from .types import (
+    BaseHTTPResponse,
+    HTTPResponse,
+    JSONResponse,
+    ResponseStream,
+    json_dumps,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BaseHTTPResponse",
+    "HTTPResponse",
+    "JSONResponse",
+    "ResponseStream",
+    "empty",
+    "json",
+    "text",
+    "raw",
+    "html",
+    "validate_file",
+    "file",
+    "redirect",
+    "file_stream",
+    "json_dumps",
+)

sanic/response/convenience.py

@@ -1,216 +1,25 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from email.utils import formatdate
+from email.utils import formatdate, parsedate_to_datetime
-from functools import partial
 from mimetypes import guess_type
 from os import path
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from time import time
-from typing import (
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Any,
-    AnyStr,
-    Callable,
-    Coroutine,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-)
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 
 from sanic.compat import Header, open_async, stat_async
 from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
-from sanic.cookies import CookieJar
+from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
-from sanic.exceptions import SanicException, ServerError
+from sanic.log import logger
-from sanic.helpers import (
-    Default,
-    _default,
-    has_message_body,
-    remove_entity_headers,
-)
-from sanic.http import Http
 from sanic.models.protocol_types import HTMLProtocol, Range
 
-
+from .types import HTTPResponse, JSONResponse, ResponseStream
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from sanic.asgi import ASGIApp
-    from sanic.http.http3 import HTTPReceiver
-    from sanic.request import Request
-else:
-    Request = TypeVar("Request")
-
-
-try:
-    from ujson import dumps as json_dumps
-except ImportError:
-    # This is done in order to ensure that the JSON response is
-    # kept consistent across both ujson and inbuilt json usage.
-    from json import dumps
-
-    json_dumps = partial(dumps, separators=(",", ":"))
-
-
-class BaseHTTPResponse:
-    """
-    The base class for all HTTP Responses
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = (
-        "asgi",
-        "body",
-        "content_type",
-        "stream",
-        "status",
-        "headers",
-        "_cookies",
-    )
-
-    _dumps = json_dumps
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.asgi: bool = False
-        self.body: Optional[bytes] = None
-        self.content_type: Optional[str] = None
-        self.stream: Optional[Union[Http, ASGIApp, HTTPReceiver]] = None
-        self.status: int = None
-        self.headers = Header({})
-        self._cookies: Optional[CookieJar] = None
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
-        return f"<{class_name}: {self.status} {self.content_type}>"
-
-    def _encode_body(self, data: Optional[AnyStr]):
-        if data is None:
-            return b""
-        return (
-            data.encode() if hasattr(data, "encode") else data  # type: ignore
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def cookies(self) -> CookieJar:
-        """
-        The response cookies. Cookies should be set and written as follows:
-
-        .. code-block:: python
-
-                response.cookies["test"] = "It worked!"
-                response.cookies["test"]["domain"] = ".yummy-yummy-cookie.com"
-                response.cookies["test"]["httponly"] = True
-
-        `See user guide re: cookies
-        <https://sanicframework.org/guide/basics/cookies.html>`__
-
-        :return: the cookie jar
-        :rtype: CookieJar
-        """
-        if self._cookies is None:
-            self._cookies = CookieJar(self.headers)
-        return self._cookies
-
-    @property
-    def processed_headers(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
-        """
-        Obtain a list of header tuples encoded in bytes for sending.
-
-        Add and remove headers based on status and content_type.
-
-        :return: response headers
-        :rtype: Tuple[Tuple[bytes, bytes], ...]
-        """
-        # TODO: Make a blacklist set of header names and then filter with that
-        if self.status in (304, 412):  # Not Modified, Precondition Failed
-            self.headers = remove_entity_headers(self.headers)
-        if has_message_body(self.status):
-            self.headers.setdefault("content-type", self.content_type)
-        # Encode headers into bytes
-        return (
-            (name.encode("ascii"), f"{value}".encode(errors="surrogateescape"))
-            for name, value in self.headers.items()
-        )
-
-    async def send(
-        self,
-        data: Optional[AnyStr] = None,
-        end_stream: Optional[bool] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Send any pending response headers and the given data as body.
-
-        :param data: str or bytes to be written
-        :param end_stream: whether to close the stream after this block
-        """
-        if data is None and end_stream is None:
-            end_stream = True
-        if self.stream is None:
-            raise SanicException(
-                "No stream is connected to the response object instance."
-            )
-        if self.stream.send is None:
-            if end_stream and not data:
-                return
-            raise ServerError(
-                "Response stream was ended, no more response data is "
-                "allowed to be sent."
-            )
-        data = (
-            data.encode()  # type: ignore
-            if hasattr(data, "encode")
-            else data or b""
-        )
-        await self.stream.send(
-            data,  # type: ignore
-            end_stream=end_stream or False,
-        )
-
-
-class HTTPResponse(BaseHTTPResponse):
-    """
-    HTTP response to be sent back to the client.
-
-    :param body: the body content to be returned
-    :type body: Optional[bytes]
-    :param status: HTTP response number. **Default=200**
-    :type status: int
-    :param headers: headers to be returned
-    :type headers: Optional;
-    :param content_type: content type to be returned (as a header)
-    :type content_type: Optional[str]
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ()
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        body: Optional[AnyStr] = None,
-        status: int = 200,
-        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
-        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
-    ):
-        super().__init__()
-
-        self.content_type: Optional[str] = content_type
-        self.body = self._encode_body(body)
-        self.status = status
-        self.headers = Header(headers or {})
-        self._cookies = None
-
-    async def eof(self):
-        await self.send("", True)
-
-    async def __aenter__(self):
-        return self.send
-
-    async def __aexit__(self, *_):
-        await self.eof()
 
 
 def empty(
-    status=204, headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
+    status: int = 204, headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
 ) -> HTTPResponse:
     """
     Returns an empty response to the client.
@@ -227,8 +36,8 @@ def json(
     headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
     content_type: str = "application/json",
     dumps: Optional[Callable[..., str]] = None,
-    **kwargs,
+    **kwargs: Any,
-) -> HTTPResponse:
+) -> JSONResponse:
     """
     Returns response object with body in json format.
 
@@ -237,13 +46,14 @@ def json(
     :param headers: Custom Headers.
     :param kwargs: Remaining arguments that are passed to the json encoder.
     """
-    if not dumps:
+
-        dumps = BaseHTTPResponse._dumps
+    return JSONResponse(
-    return HTTPResponse(
+        body,
-        dumps(body, **kwargs),
-        headers=headers,
         status=status,
+        headers=headers,
         content_type=content_type,
+        dumps=dumps,
+        **kwargs,
     )
 
 
@@ -319,9 +129,34 @@ def html(
     )
 
 
+async def validate_file(
+    request_headers: Header, last_modified: Union[datetime, float, int]
+):
+    try:
+        if_modified_since = request_headers.getone("If-Modified-Since")
+    except KeyError:
+        return
+    try:
+        if_modified_since = parsedate_to_datetime(if_modified_since)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Ignorning invalid If-Modified-Since header received: " "'%s'",
+            if_modified_since,
+        )
+        return
+    if not isinstance(last_modified, datetime):
+        last_modified = datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            float(last_modified), tz=timezone.utc
+        ).replace(microsecond=0)
+    if last_modified <= if_modified_since:
+        return HTTPResponse(status=304)
+
+
 async def file(
     location: Union[str, PurePath],
     status: int = 200,
+    request_headers: Optional[Header] = None,
+    validate_when_requested: bool = True,
     mime_type: Optional[str] = None,
     headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
     filename: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -331,7 +166,12 @@ async def file(
     _range: Optional[Range] = None,
 ) -> HTTPResponse:
     """Return a response object with file data.
-
+    :param status: HTTP response code. Won't enforce the passed in
+        status if only a part of the content will be sent (206)
+        or file is being validated (304).
+    :param request_headers: The request headers.
+    :param validate_when_requested: If True, will validate the
+        file when requested.
     :param location: Location of file on system.
     :param mime_type: Specific mime_type.
     :param headers: Custom Headers.
@@ -341,11 +181,6 @@ async def file(
     :param no_store: Any cache should not store this response.
     :param _range:
     """
-    headers = headers or {}
-    if filename:
-        headers.setdefault(
-            "Content-Disposition", f'attachment; filename="{filename}"'
-        )
 
     if isinstance(last_modified, datetime):
         last_modified = last_modified.replace(microsecond=0).timestamp()
@@ -353,9 +188,24 @@ async def file(
         stat = await stat_async(location)
         last_modified = stat.st_mtime
 
+    if (
+        validate_when_requested
+        and request_headers is not None
+        and last_modified
+    ):
+        response = await validate_file(request_headers, last_modified)
+        if response:
+            return response
+
+    headers = headers or {}
     if last_modified:
         headers.setdefault(
-            "last-modified", formatdate(last_modified, usegmt=True)
+            "Last-Modified", formatdate(last_modified, usegmt=True)
+        )
+
+    if filename:
+        headers.setdefault(
+            "Content-Disposition", f'attachment; filename="{filename}"'
         )
 
     if no_store:
@@ -424,80 +274,6 @@ def redirect(
     )
 
 
-class ResponseStream:
-    """
-    ResponseStream is a compat layer to bridge the gap after the deprecation
-    of StreamingHTTPResponse. It will be removed when:
-    - file_stream is moved to new style streaming
-    - file and file_stream are combined into a single API
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = (
-        "_cookies",
-        "content_type",
-        "headers",
-        "request",
-        "response",
-        "status",
-        "streaming_fn",
-    )
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        streaming_fn: Callable[
-            [Union[BaseHTTPResponse, ResponseStream]],
-            Coroutine[Any, Any, None],
-        ],
-        status: int = 200,
-        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
-        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
-    ):
-        self.streaming_fn = streaming_fn
-        self.status = status
-        self.headers = headers or Header()
-        self.content_type = content_type
-        self.request: Optional[Request] = None
-        self._cookies: Optional[CookieJar] = None
-
-    async def write(self, message: str):
-        await self.response.send(message)
-
-    async def stream(self) -> HTTPResponse:
-        if not self.request:
-            raise ServerError("Attempted response to unknown request")
-        self.response = await self.request.respond(
-            headers=self.headers,
-            status=self.status,
-            content_type=self.content_type,
-        )
-        await self.streaming_fn(self)
-        return self.response
-
-    async def eof(self) -> None:
-        await self.response.eof()
-
-    @property
-    def cookies(self) -> CookieJar:
-        if self._cookies is None:
-            self._cookies = CookieJar(self.headers)
-        return self._cookies
-
-    @property
-    def processed_headers(self):
-        return self.response.processed_headers
-
-    @property
-    def body(self):
-        return self.response.body
-
-    def __call__(self, request: Request) -> ResponseStream:
-        self.request = request
-        return self
-
-    def __await__(self):
-        return self.stream().__await__()
-
-
 async def file_stream(
     location: Union[str, PurePath],
     status: int = 200,

sanic/response/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from functools import partial
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Dict,
+    Iterator,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from sanic.compat import Header
+from sanic.cookies import CookieJar
+from sanic.exceptions import SanicException, ServerError
+from sanic.helpers import (
+    Default,
+    _default,
+    has_message_body,
+    remove_entity_headers,
+)
+from sanic.http import Http
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic.asgi import ASGIApp
+    from sanic.http.http3 import HTTPReceiver
+    from sanic.request import Request
+else:
+    Request = TypeVar("Request")
+
+
+try:
+    from ujson import dumps as json_dumps
+except ImportError:
+    # This is done in order to ensure that the JSON response is
+    # kept consistent across both ujson and inbuilt json usage.
+    from json import dumps
+
+    json_dumps = partial(dumps, separators=(",", ":"))
+
+
+class BaseHTTPResponse:
+    """
+    The base class for all HTTP Responses
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "asgi",
+        "body",
+        "content_type",
+        "stream",
+        "status",
+        "headers",
+        "_cookies",
+    )
+
+    _dumps = json_dumps
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.asgi: bool = False
+        self.body: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self.content_type: Optional[str] = None
+        self.stream: Optional[Union[Http, ASGIApp, HTTPReceiver]] = None
+        self.status: int = None
+        self.headers = Header({})
+        self._cookies: Optional[CookieJar] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"<{class_name}: {self.status} {self.content_type}>"
+
+    def _encode_body(self, data: Optional[AnyStr]):
+        if data is None:
+            return b""
+        return (
+            data.encode() if hasattr(data, "encode") else data  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> CookieJar:
+        """
+        The response cookies. Cookies should be set and written as follows:
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+                response.cookies["test"] = "It worked!"
+                response.cookies["test"]["domain"] = ".yummy-yummy-cookie.com"
+                response.cookies["test"]["httponly"] = True
+
+        `See user guide re: cookies
+        <https://sanic.dev/en/guide/basics/cookies.html>`
+
+        :return: the cookie jar
+        :rtype: CookieJar
+        """
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            self._cookies = CookieJar(self.headers)
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def processed_headers(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        """
+        Obtain a list of header tuples encoded in bytes for sending.
+
+        Add and remove headers based on status and content_type.
+
+        :return: response headers
+        :rtype: Tuple[Tuple[bytes, bytes], ...]
+        """
+        # TODO: Make a blacklist set of header names and then filter with that
+        if self.status in (304, 412):  # Not Modified, Precondition Failed
+            self.headers = remove_entity_headers(self.headers)
+        if has_message_body(self.status):
+            self.headers.setdefault("content-type", self.content_type)
+        # Encode headers into bytes
+        return (
+            (name.encode("ascii"), f"{value}".encode(errors="surrogateescape"))
+            for name, value in self.headers.items()
+        )
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        data: Optional[AnyStr] = None,
+        end_stream: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send any pending response headers and the given data as body.
+
+        :param data: str or bytes to be written
+        :param end_stream: whether to close the stream after this block
+        """
+        if data is None and end_stream is None:
+            end_stream = True
+        if self.stream is None:
+            raise SanicException(
+                "No stream is connected to the response object instance."
+            )
+        if self.stream.send is None:
+            if end_stream and not data:
+                return
+            raise ServerError(
+                "Response stream was ended, no more response data is "
+                "allowed to be sent."
+            )
+        data = (
+            data.encode()  # type: ignore
+            if hasattr(data, "encode")
+            else data or b""
+        )
+        await self.stream.send(
+            data,  # type: ignore
+            end_stream=end_stream or False,
+        )
+
+
+class HTTPResponse(BaseHTTPResponse):
+    """
+    HTTP response to be sent back to the client.
+
+    :param body: the body content to be returned
+    :type body: Optional[bytes]
+    :param status: HTTP response number. **Default=200**
+    :type status: int
+    :param headers: headers to be returned
+    :type headers: Optional;
+    :param content_type: content type to be returned (as a header)
+    :type content_type: Optional[str]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body: Optional[Any] = None,
+        status: int = 200,
+        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.content_type: Optional[str] = content_type
+        self.body = self._encode_body(body)
+        self.status = status
+        self.headers = Header(headers or {})
+        self._cookies = None
+
+    async def eof(self):
+        await self.send("", True)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self.send
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *_):
+        await self.eof()
+
+
+class JSONResponse(HTTPResponse):
+    """
+    HTTP response to be sent back to the client, when the response
+    is of json type. Offers several utilities to manipulate common
+    json data types.
+
+    :param body: the body content to be returned
+    :type body: Optional[Any]
+    :param status: HTTP response number. **Default=200**
+    :type status: int
+    :param headers: headers to be returned
+    :type headers: Optional
+    :param content_type: content type to be returned (as a header)
+    :type content_type: Optional[str]
+    :param dumps: json.dumps function to use
+    :type dumps: Optional[Callable]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_body",
+        "_body_manually_set",
+        "_initialized",
+        "_raw_body",
+        "_use_dumps",
+        "_use_dumps_kwargs",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body: Optional[Any] = None,
+        status: int = 200,
+        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        dumps: Optional[Callable[..., str]] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self._initialized = False
+        self._body_manually_set = False
+
+        self._use_dumps = dumps or BaseHTTPResponse._dumps
+        self._use_dumps_kwargs = kwargs
+
+        self._raw_body = body
+
+        super().__init__(
+            self._encode_body(self._use_dumps(body, **self._use_dumps_kwargs)),
+            headers=headers,
+            status=status,
+            content_type=content_type,
+        )
+
+        self._initialized = True
+
+    def _check_body_not_manually_set(self):
+        if self._body_manually_set:
+            raise SanicException(
+                "Cannot use raw_body after body has been manually set."
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def raw_body(self) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Returns the raw body, as long as body has not been manually
+        set previously.
+
+        NOTE: This object should not be mutated, as it will not be
+        reflected in the response body. If you need to mutate the
+        response body, consider using one of the provided methods in
+        this class or alternatively call set_body() with the mutated
+        object afterwards or set the raw_body property to it.
+        """
+
+        self._check_body_not_manually_set()
+        return self._raw_body
+
+    @raw_body.setter
+    def raw_body(self, value: Any):
+        self._body_manually_set = False
+        self._body = self._encode_body(
+            self._use_dumps(value, **self._use_dumps_kwargs)
+        )
+        self._raw_body = value
+
+    @property  # type: ignore
+    def body(self) -> Optional[bytes]:  # type: ignore
+        return self._body
+
+    @body.setter
+    def body(self, value: Optional[bytes]):
+        self._body = value
+        if not self._initialized:
+            return
+        self._body_manually_set = True
+
+    def set_body(
+        self,
+        body: Any,
+        dumps: Optional[Callable[..., str]] = None,
+        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Sets a new response body using the given dumps function
+        and kwargs, or falling back to the defaults given when
+        creating the object if none are specified.
+        """
+
+        self._body_manually_set = False
+        self._raw_body = body
+
+        use_dumps = dumps or self._use_dumps
+        use_dumps_kwargs = dumps_kwargs if dumps else self._use_dumps_kwargs
+
+        self._body = self._encode_body(use_dumps(body, **use_dumps_kwargs))
+
+    def append(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Appends a value to the response raw_body, ensuring that
+        body is kept up to date. This can only be used if raw_body
+        is a list.
+        """
+
+        self._check_body_not_manually_set()
+
+        if not isinstance(self._raw_body, list):
+            raise SanicException("Cannot append to a non-list object.")
+
+        self._raw_body.append(value)
+        self.raw_body = self._raw_body
+
+    def extend(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Extends the response's raw_body with the given values, ensuring
+        that body is kept up to date. This can only be used if raw_body is
+        a list.
+        """
+
+        self._check_body_not_manually_set()
+
+        if not isinstance(self._raw_body, list):
+            raise SanicException("Cannot extend a non-list object.")
+
+        self._raw_body.extend(value)
+        self.raw_body = self._raw_body
+
+    def update(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Updates the response's raw_body with the given values, ensuring
+        that body is kept up to date. This can only be used if raw_body is
+        a dict.
+        """
+
+        self._check_body_not_manually_set()
+
+        if not isinstance(self._raw_body, dict):
+            raise SanicException("Cannot update a non-dict object.")
+
+        self._raw_body.update(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.raw_body = self._raw_body
+
+    def pop(self, key: Any, default: Any = _default) -> Any:
+        """Pops a key from the response's raw_body, ensuring that body is
+        kept up to date. This can only be used if raw_body is a dict or a
+        list.
+        """
+
+        self._check_body_not_manually_set()
+
+        if not isinstance(self._raw_body, (list, dict)):
+            raise SanicException(
+                "Cannot pop from a non-list and non-dict object."
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(default, Default):
+            value = self._raw_body.pop(key)
+        elif isinstance(self._raw_body, list):
+            raise TypeError("pop doesn't accept a default argument for lists")
+        else:
+            value = self._raw_body.pop(key, default)
+
+        self.raw_body = self._raw_body
+
+        return value
+
+
+class ResponseStream:
+    """
+    ResponseStream is a compat layer to bridge the gap after the deprecation
+    of StreamingHTTPResponse. It will be removed when:
+    - file_stream is moved to new style streaming
+    - file and file_stream are combined into a single API
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_cookies",
+        "content_type",
+        "headers",
+        "request",
+        "response",
+        "status",
+        "streaming_fn",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        streaming_fn: Callable[
+            [Union[BaseHTTPResponse, ResponseStream]],
+            Coroutine[Any, Any, None],
+        ],
+        status: int = 200,
+        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        self.streaming_fn = streaming_fn
+        self.status = status
+        self.headers = headers or Header()
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.request: Optional[Request] = None
+        self._cookies: Optional[CookieJar] = None
+
+    async def write(self, message: str):
+        await self.response.send(message)
+
+    async def stream(self) -> HTTPResponse:
+        if not self.request:
+            raise ServerError("Attempted response to unknown request")
+        self.response = await self.request.respond(
+            headers=self.headers,
+            status=self.status,
+            content_type=self.content_type,
+        )
+        await self.streaming_fn(self)
+        return self.response
+
+    async def eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.response.eof()
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> CookieJar:
+        if self._cookies is None:
+            self._cookies = CookieJar(self.headers)
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def processed_headers(self):
+        return self.response.processed_headers
+
+    @property
+    def body(self):
+        return self.response.body
+
+    def __call__(self, request: Request) -> ResponseStream:
+        self.request = request
+        return self
+
+    def __await__(self):
+        return self.stream().__await__()

sanic/router.py

@@ -133,14 +133,14 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
                 params.update({"requirements": {"host": host}})
 
             route = super().add(**params)  # type: ignore
-            route.ctx.ignore_body = ignore_body
+            route.extra.ignore_body = ignore_body
-            route.ctx.stream = stream
+            route.extra.stream = stream
-            route.ctx.hosts = hosts
+            route.extra.hosts = hosts
-            route.ctx.static = static
+            route.extra.static = static
-            route.ctx.error_format = error_format
+            route.extra.error_format = error_format
 
             if error_format:
-                check_error_format(route.ctx.error_format)
+                check_error_format(route.extra.error_format)
 
             routes.append(route)
 

sanic/server/legacy.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from time import sleep
 
 def _iter_module_files():
     """This iterates over all relevant Python files.
-
     It goes through all
     loaded files from modules, all files in folders of already loaded modules
     as well as all files reachable through a package.
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ def restart_with_reloader(changed=None):
     this one.
     """
     reloaded = ",".join(changed) if changed else ""
-    return subprocess.Popen(
+    return subprocess.Popen(  # nosec B603
         _get_args_for_reloading(),
         env={
             **os.environ,
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ def _check_file(filename, mtimes):
 
 def watchdog(sleep_interval, reload_dirs):
     """Watch project files, restart worker process if a change happened.
-
     :param sleep_interval: interval in second.
     :return: Nothing
     """
@@ -96,7 +94,6 @@ def watchdog(sleep_interval, reload_dirs):
 
     try:
         while True:
-
             changed = set()
             for filename in itertools.chain(
                 _iter_module_files(),

sanic/server/loop.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import asyncio
+import sys
 
-from distutils.util import strtobool
 from os import getenv
 
 from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS
 from sanic.log import error_logger
+from sanic.utils import str_to_bool
 
 
 def try_use_uvloop() -> None:
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ def try_use_uvloop() -> None:
         )
         return
 
-    uvloop_install_removed = strtobool(getenv("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no"))
+    uvloop_install_removed = str_to_bool(getenv("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no"))
     if uvloop_install_removed:
         error_logger.info(
             "You are requesting to run Sanic using uvloop, but the "
@@ -47,3 +48,19 @@ def try_use_uvloop() -> None:
 
     if not isinstance(asyncio.get_event_loop_policy(), uvloop.EventLoopPolicy):
         asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
+
+
+def try_windows_loop():
+    if not OS_IS_WINDOWS:
+        error_logger.warning(
+            "You are trying to use an event loop policy that is not "
+            "compatible with your system. You can simply let Sanic handle "
+            "selecting the best loop for you. Sanic will now continue to run "
+            "using the default event loop."
+        )
+        return
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8) and not isinstance(
+        asyncio.get_event_loop_policy(), asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy
+    ):
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())

sanic/server/protocols/base_protocol.py

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
+from sanic.exceptions import RequestCancelled
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sanic.app import Sanic
 
 import asyncio
 
-from asyncio import CancelledError
 from asyncio.transports import Transport
 from time import monotonic as current_time
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class SanicProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
         """
         await self._can_write.wait()
         if self.transport.is_closing():
-            raise CancelledError
+            raise RequestCancelled
         self.transport.write(data)
         self._time = current_time()
 
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ class SanicProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
         try:
             self.connections.discard(self)
             self.resume_writing()
+            self.conn_info.lost = True
             if self._task:
                 self._task.cancel()
         except BaseException:

sanic/server/protocols/http_protocol.py

@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ import sys
 from asyncio import CancelledError
 from time import monotonic as current_time
 
-from sanic.exceptions import RequestTimeout, ServiceUnavailable
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    RequestCancelled,
+    RequestTimeout,
+    ServiceUnavailable,
+)
 from sanic.http import Http, Stage
 from sanic.log import Colors, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.server_types import ConnInfo
@@ -225,7 +229,7 @@ class HttpProtocol(HttpProtocolMixin, SanicProtocol, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         """
         await self._can_write.wait()
         if self.transport.is_closing():
-            raise CancelledError
+            raise RequestCancelled
         await self.app.dispatch(
             "http.lifecycle.send",
             inline=True,
@@ -265,7 +269,6 @@ class HttpProtocol(HttpProtocolMixin, SanicProtocol, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             error_logger.exception("protocol.connect_made")
 
     def data_received(self, data: bytes):
-
         try:
             self._time = current_time()
             if not data:

sanic/server/protocols/websocket_protocol.py

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Sequence, cast
 
-from websockets.connection import CLOSED, CLOSING, OPEN
+
-from websockets.server import ServerConnection
+try:  # websockets < 11.0
+    from websockets.connection import State
+    from websockets.server import ServerConnection as ServerProtocol
+except ImportError:  # websockets >= 11.0
+    from websockets.protocol import State  # type: ignore
+    from websockets.server import ServerProtocol  # type: ignore
+
 from websockets.typing import Subprotocol
 
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
@@ -15,6 +21,11 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from websockets import http11
 
 
+OPEN = State.OPEN
+CLOSING = State.CLOSING
+CLOSED = State.CLOSED
+
+
 class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
     __slots__ = (
         "websocket",
@@ -74,7 +85,7 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
         # Called by Sanic Server when shutting down
         # If we've upgraded to websocket, shut it down
         if self.websocket is not None:
-            if self.websocket.connection.state in (CLOSING, CLOSED):
+            if self.websocket.ws_proto.state in (CLOSING, CLOSED):
                 return True
             elif self.websocket.loop is not None:
                 self.websocket.loop.create_task(self.websocket.close(1001))
@@ -90,7 +101,7 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
         try:
             if subprotocols is not None:
                 # subprotocols can be a set or frozenset,
-                # but ServerConnection needs a list
+                # but ServerProtocol needs a list
                 subprotocols = cast(
                     Optional[Sequence[Subprotocol]],
                     list(
@@ -100,13 +111,13 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
                         ]
                     ),
                 )
-            ws_conn = ServerConnection(
+            ws_proto = ServerProtocol(
                 max_size=self.websocket_max_size,
                 subprotocols=subprotocols,
                 state=OPEN,
                 logger=logger,
             )
-            resp: "http11.Response" = ws_conn.accept(request)
+            resp: "http11.Response" = ws_proto.accept(request)
         except Exception:
             msg = (
                 "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
@@ -129,7 +140,7 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
         else:
             raise ServerError(resp.body, resp.status_code)
         self.websocket = WebsocketImplProtocol(
-            ws_conn,
+            ws_proto,
             ping_interval=self.websocket_ping_interval,
             ping_timeout=self.websocket_ping_timeout,
             close_timeout=self.websocket_timeout,

sanic/server/runners.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from signal import signal as signal_func
 from sanic.application.ext import setup_ext
 from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, ctrlc_workaround_for_windows
 from sanic.http.http3 import SessionTicketStore, get_config
-from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger, server_logger
 from sanic.models.server_types import Signal
 from sanic.server.async_server import AsyncioServer
 from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import Http3Protocol, HttpProtocol
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def _setup_system_signals(
     run_multiple: bool,
     register_sys_signals: bool,
     loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
-) -> None:
+) -> None:  # no cov
     # Ignore SIGINT when run_multiple
     if run_multiple:
         signal_func(SIGINT, SIG_IGN)
@@ -141,18 +141,20 @@ def _setup_system_signals(
             ctrlc_workaround_for_windows(app)
         else:
             for _signal in [SIGTERM] if run_multiple else [SIGINT, SIGTERM]:
-                loop.add_signal_handler(_signal, app.stop)
+                loop.add_signal_handler(
+                    _signal, partial(app.stop, terminate=False)
+                )
 
 
 def _run_server_forever(loop, before_stop, after_stop, cleanup, unix):
     pid = os.getpid()
     try:
-        logger.info("Starting worker [%s]", pid)
+        server_logger.info("Starting worker [%s]", pid)
         loop.run_forever()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         pass
     finally:
-        logger.info("Stopping worker [%s]", pid)
+        server_logger.info("Stopping worker [%s]", pid)
 
         loop.run_until_complete(before_stop())
 
@@ -161,6 +163,7 @@ def _run_server_forever(loop, before_stop, after_stop, cleanup, unix):
 
         loop.run_until_complete(after_stop())
         remove_unix_socket(unix)
+        loop.close()
 
 
 def _serve_http_1(
@@ -197,8 +200,12 @@ def _serve_http_1(
     asyncio_server_kwargs = (
         asyncio_server_kwargs if asyncio_server_kwargs else {}
     )
+    if OS_IS_WINDOWS and sock:
+        pid = os.getpid()
+        sock = sock.share(pid)
+        sock = socket.fromshare(sock)
     # UNIX sockets are always bound by us (to preserve semantics between modes)
-    if unix:
+    elif unix:
         sock = bind_unix_socket(unix, backlog=backlog)
     server_coroutine = loop.create_server(
         server,
@@ -222,6 +229,7 @@ def _serve_http_1(
 
     loop.run_until_complete(app._startup())
     loop.run_until_complete(app._server_event("init", "before"))
+    app.ack()
 
     try:
         http_server = loop.run_until_complete(server_coroutine)
@@ -299,6 +307,7 @@ def _serve_http_3(
     server = AsyncioServer(app, loop, coro, [])
     loop.run_until_complete(server.startup())
     loop.run_until_complete(server.before_start())
+    app.ack()
     loop.run_until_complete(server)
     _setup_system_signals(app, run_multiple, register_sys_signals, loop)
     loop.run_until_complete(server.after_start())
@@ -365,7 +374,9 @@ def serve_multiple(server_settings, workers):
     processes = []
 
     def sig_handler(signal, frame):
-        logger.info("Received signal %s. Shutting down.", Signals(signal).name)
+        server_logger.info(
+            "Received signal %s. Shutting down.", Signals(signal).name
+        )
         for process in processes:
             os.kill(process.pid, SIGTERM)
 

sanic/server/socket.py

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import socket
 import stat
 
 from ipaddress import ip_address
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.http.constants import HTTP
 
 
 def bind_socket(host: str, port: int, *, backlog=100) -> socket.socket:
@@ -16,6 +19,8 @@ def bind_socket(host: str, port: int, *, backlog=100) -> socket.socket:
     :param backlog: Maximum number of connections to queue
     :return: socket.socket object
     """
+    location = (host, port)
+    # socket.share, socket.fromshare
     try:  # IP address: family must be specified for IPv6 at least
         ip = ip_address(host)
         host = str(ip)
@@ -25,8 +30,9 @@ def bind_socket(host: str, port: int, *, backlog=100) -> socket.socket:
     except ValueError:  # Hostname, may become AF_INET or AF_INET6
         sock = socket.socket()
     sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
-    sock.bind((host, port))
+    sock.bind(location)
     sock.listen(backlog)
+    sock.set_inheritable(True)
     return sock
 
 
@@ -36,7 +42,7 @@ def bind_unix_socket(path: str, *, mode=0o666, backlog=100) -> socket.socket:
     :param backlog: Maximum number of connections to queue
     :return: socket.socket object
     """
-    """Open or atomically replace existing socket with zero downtime."""
+
     # Sanitise and pre-verify socket path
     path = os.path.abspath(path)
     folder = os.path.dirname(path)
@@ -85,3 +91,40 @@ def remove_unix_socket(path: Optional[str]) -> None:
                     os.unlink(path)
     except FileNotFoundError:
         pass
+
+
+def configure_socket(
+    server_settings: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> Optional[socket.SocketType]:
+    # Create a listening socket or use the one in settings
+    if server_settings.get("version") is HTTP.VERSION_3:
+        return None
+    sock = server_settings.get("sock")
+    unix = server_settings["unix"]
+    backlog = server_settings["backlog"]
+    if unix:
+        sock = bind_unix_socket(unix, backlog=backlog)
+        server_settings["unix"] = unix
+    if sock is None:
+        try:
+            sock = bind_socket(
+                server_settings["host"],
+                server_settings["port"],
+                backlog=backlog,
+            )
+        except OSError as e:  # no cov
+            error = ServerError(
+                f"Sanic server could not start: {e}.\n\n"
+                "This may have happened if you are running Sanic in the "
+                "global scope and not inside of a "
+                '`if __name__ == "__main__"` block.\n\nSee more information: '
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/manager.html#"
+                "how-sanic-server-starts-processes\n"
+            )
+            error.quiet = True
+            raise error
+        sock.set_inheritable(True)
+        server_settings["sock"] = sock
+        server_settings["host"] = None
+        server_settings["port"] = None
+    return sock

sanic/server/websockets/connection.py

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
 )
 
+from sanic.exceptions import InvalidUsage
 
-ASIMessage = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+
+ASGIMessage = MutableMapping[str, Any]
 
 
 class WebSocketConnection:
@@ -25,8 +27,8 @@ class WebSocketConnection:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        send: Callable[[ASIMessage], Awaitable[None]],
+        send: Callable[[ASGIMessage], Awaitable[None]],
-        receive: Callable[[], Awaitable[ASIMessage]],
+        receive: Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIMessage]],
         subprotocols: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._send = send
@@ -43,11 +45,17 @@ class WebSocketConnection:
 
         await self._send(message)
 
-    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[Union[str, bytes]]:
         message = await self._receive()
 
         if message["type"] == "websocket.receive":
+            try:
                 return message["text"]
+            except KeyError:
+                try:
+                    return message["bytes"]
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise InvalidUsage("Bad ASGI message received")
         elif message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":
             pass
 

sanic/server/websockets/frame.py

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ class WebsocketFrameAssembler:
         paused: bool
 
     def __init__(self, protocol) -> None:
-
         self.protocol = protocol
 
         self.read_mutex = asyncio.Lock()

sanic/server/websockets/impl.py

@@ -12,21 +12,37 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
 )
 
-from websockets.connection import CLOSED, CLOSING, OPEN, Event
+from websockets.exceptions import (
-from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed, ConnectionClosedError
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedError,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+)
 from websockets.frames import Frame, Opcode
-from websockets.server import ServerConnection
+
+
+try:  # websockets < 11.0
+    from websockets.connection import Event, State
+    from websockets.server import ServerConnection as ServerProtocol
+except ImportError:  # websockets >= 11.0
+    from websockets.protocol import Event, State  # type: ignore
+    from websockets.server import ServerProtocol  # type: ignore
+
 from websockets.typing import Data
 
-from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.server.protocols.base_protocol import SanicProtocol
 
 from ...exceptions import ServerError, WebsocketClosed
 from .frame import WebsocketFrameAssembler
 
 
+OPEN = State.OPEN
+CLOSING = State.CLOSING
+CLOSED = State.CLOSED
+
+
 class WebsocketImplProtocol:
-    connection: ServerConnection
+    ws_proto: ServerProtocol
     io_proto: Optional[SanicProtocol]
     loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]
     max_queue: int
@@ -52,14 +68,14 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        connection,
+        ws_proto,
         max_queue=None,
         ping_interval: Optional[float] = 20,
         ping_timeout: Optional[float] = 20,
         close_timeout: float = 10,
         loop=None,
     ):
-        self.connection = connection
+        self.ws_proto = ws_proto
         self.io_proto = None
         self.loop = None
         self.max_queue = max_queue
@@ -81,7 +97,16 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
 
     @property
     def subprotocol(self):
-        return self.connection.subprotocol
+        return self.ws_proto.subprotocol
+
+    @property
+    def connection(self):
+        deprecation(
+            "The connection property has been deprecated and will be removed. "
+            "Please use the ws_proto property instead going forward.",
+            22.6,
+        )
+        return self.ws_proto
 
     def pause_frames(self):
         if not self.can_pause:
@@ -252,7 +277,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
 
     def _force_disconnect(self) -> bool:
         """
-        Internal methdod used by end_connection and fail_connection
+        Internal method used by end_connection and fail_connection
         only when the graceful auto-closer cannot be used
         """
         if self.auto_closer_task and not self.auto_closer_task.done():
@@ -295,15 +320,15 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
             # Not draining the write buffer is acceptable in this context.
 
             # clear the send buffer
-            _ = self.connection.data_to_send()
+            _ = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
             # If we're not already CLOSED or CLOSING, then send the close.
-            if self.connection.state is OPEN:
+            if self.ws_proto.state is OPEN:
                 if code in (1000, 1001):
-                    self.connection.send_close(code, reason)
+                    self.ws_proto.send_close(code, reason)
                 else:
-                    self.connection.fail(code, reason)
+                    self.ws_proto.fail(code, reason)
                 try:
-                    data_to_send = self.connection.data_to_send()
+                    data_to_send = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
                     while (
                         len(data_to_send)
                         and self.io_proto
@@ -317,7 +342,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
                     ...
         if code == 1006:
             # Special case: 1006 consider the transport already closed
-            self.connection.state = CLOSED
+            self.ws_proto.state = CLOSED
         if self.data_finished_fut and not self.data_finished_fut.done():
             # We have a graceful auto-closer. Use it to close the connection.
             self.data_finished_fut.cancel()
@@ -338,10 +363,10 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         # In Python Version 3.7: pause_reading is idempotent
         # i.e. it can be called when the transport is already paused or closed.
         self.io_proto.transport.pause_reading()
-        if self.connection.state == OPEN:
+        if self.ws_proto.state == OPEN:
-            data_to_send = self.connection.data_to_send()
+            data_to_send = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
-            self.connection.send_close(code, reason)
+            self.ws_proto.send_close(code, reason)
-            data_to_send.extend(self.connection.data_to_send())
+            data_to_send.extend(self.ws_proto.data_to_send())
             try:
                 while (
                     len(data_to_send)
@@ -450,7 +475,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         Raise ConnectionClosed in pending keepalive pings.
         They'll never receive a pong once the connection is closed.
         """
-        if self.connection.state is not CLOSED:
+        if self.ws_proto.state is not CLOSED:
             raise ServerError(
                 "Webscoket about_pings should only be called "
                 "after connection state is changed to CLOSED"
@@ -479,9 +504,9 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
             self.fail_connection(code, reason)
             return
         async with self.conn_mutex:
-            if self.connection.state is OPEN:
+            if self.ws_proto.state is OPEN:
-                self.connection.send_close(code, reason)
+                self.ws_proto.send_close(code, reason)
-                data_to_send = self.connection.data_to_send()
+                data_to_send = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
                 await self.send_data(data_to_send)
 
     async def recv(self, timeout: Optional[float] = None) -> Optional[Data]:
@@ -511,7 +536,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
                 "already waiting for the next message"
             )
         await self.recv_lock.acquire()
-        if self.connection.state is CLOSED:
+        if self.ws_proto.state is CLOSED:
             self.recv_lock.release()
             raise WebsocketClosed(
                 "Cannot receive from websocket interface after it is closed."
@@ -562,7 +587,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
                 "for the next message"
             )
         await self.recv_lock.acquire()
-        if self.connection.state is CLOSED:
+        if self.ws_proto.state is CLOSED:
             self.recv_lock.release()
             raise WebsocketClosed(
                 "Cannot receive from websocket interface after it is closed."
@@ -621,7 +646,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
                 "is already waiting for the next message"
             )
         await self.recv_lock.acquire()
-        if self.connection.state is CLOSED:
+        if self.ws_proto.state is CLOSED:
             self.recv_lock.release()
             raise WebsocketClosed(
                 "Cannot receive from websocket interface after it is closed."
@@ -661,8 +686,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         :raises TypeError: for unsupported inputs
         """
         async with self.conn_mutex:
-
+            if self.ws_proto.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
-            if self.connection.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
                 raise WebsocketClosed(
                     "Cannot write to websocket interface after it is closed."
                 )
@@ -675,12 +699,12 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
             # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
 
             if isinstance(message, str):
-                self.connection.send_text(message.encode("utf-8"))
+                self.ws_proto.send_text(message.encode("utf-8"))
-                await self.send_data(self.connection.data_to_send())
+                await self.send_data(self.ws_proto.data_to_send())
 
             elif isinstance(message, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
-                self.connection.send_binary(message)
+                self.ws_proto.send_binary(message)
-                await self.send_data(self.connection.data_to_send())
+                await self.send_data(self.ws_proto.data_to_send())
 
             elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
                 # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
@@ -709,7 +733,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         (which will be encoded to UTF-8) or a bytes-like object.
         """
         async with self.conn_mutex:
-            if self.connection.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
+            if self.ws_proto.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
                 raise WebsocketClosed(
                     "Cannot send a ping when the websocket interface "
                     "is closed."
@@ -737,8 +761,8 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
 
             self.pings[data] = self.io_proto.loop.create_future()
 
-            self.connection.send_ping(data)
+            self.ws_proto.send_ping(data)
-            await self.send_data(self.connection.data_to_send())
+            await self.send_data(self.ws_proto.data_to_send())
 
             return asyncio.shield(self.pings[data])
 
@@ -750,15 +774,15 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         be a string (which will be encoded to UTF-8) or a bytes-like object.
         """
         async with self.conn_mutex:
-            if self.connection.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
+            if self.ws_proto.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
                 # Cannot send pong after transport is shutting down
                 return
             if isinstance(data, str):
                 data = data.encode("utf-8")
             elif isinstance(data, (bytearray, memoryview)):
                 data = bytes(data)
-            self.connection.send_pong(data)
+            self.ws_proto.send_pong(data)
-            await self.send_data(self.connection.data_to_send())
+            await self.send_data(self.ws_proto.data_to_send())
 
     async def send_data(self, data_to_send):
         for data in data_to_send:
@@ -780,7 +804,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
                     SanicProtocol.close(self.io_proto, timeout=1.0)
 
     async def async_data_received(self, data_to_send, events_to_process):
-        if self.connection.state in (OPEN, CLOSING) and len(data_to_send) > 0:
+        if self.ws_proto.state in (OPEN, CLOSING) and len(data_to_send) > 0:
             # receiving data can generate data to send (eg, pong for a ping)
             # send connection.data_to_send()
             await self.send_data(data_to_send)
@@ -788,9 +812,9 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
             await self.process_events(events_to_process)
 
     def data_received(self, data):
-        self.connection.receive_data(data)
+        self.ws_proto.receive_data(data)
-        data_to_send = self.connection.data_to_send()
+        data_to_send = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
-        events_to_process = self.connection.events_received()
+        events_to_process = self.ws_proto.events_received()
         if len(data_to_send) > 0 or len(events_to_process) > 0:
             asyncio.create_task(
                 self.async_data_received(data_to_send, events_to_process)
@@ -799,7 +823,7 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
     async def async_eof_received(self, data_to_send, events_to_process):
         # receiving EOF can generate data to send
         # send connection.data_to_send()
-        if self.connection.state in (OPEN, CLOSING) and len(data_to_send) > 0:
+        if self.ws_proto.state in (OPEN, CLOSING) and len(data_to_send) > 0:
             await self.send_data(data_to_send)
         if len(events_to_process) > 0:
             await self.process_events(events_to_process)
@@ -819,9 +843,9 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
             SanicProtocol.close(self.io_proto, timeout=1.0)
 
     def eof_received(self) -> Optional[bool]:
-        self.connection.receive_eof()
+        self.ws_proto.receive_eof()
-        data_to_send = self.connection.data_to_send()
+        data_to_send = self.ws_proto.data_to_send()
-        events_to_process = self.connection.events_received()
+        events_to_process = self.ws_proto.events_received()
         asyncio.create_task(
             self.async_eof_received(data_to_send, events_to_process)
         )
@@ -831,12 +855,19 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         """
         The WebSocket Connection is Closed.
         """
-        if not self.connection.state == CLOSED:
+        if not self.ws_proto.state == CLOSED:
             # signal to the websocket connection handler
             # we've lost the connection
-            self.connection.fail(code=1006)
+            self.ws_proto.fail(code=1006)
-            self.connection.state = CLOSED
+            self.ws_proto.state = CLOSED
 
         self.abort_pings()
         if self.connection_lost_waiter:
             self.connection_lost_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self):
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return

sanic/signals.py

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ class Event(Enum):
     HTTP_LIFECYCLE_RESPONSE = "http.lifecycle.response"
     HTTP_ROUTING_AFTER = "http.routing.after"
     HTTP_ROUTING_BEFORE = "http.routing.before"
+    HTTP_HANDLER_AFTER = "http.handler.after"
+    HTTP_HANDLER_BEFORE = "http.handler.before"
     HTTP_LIFECYCLE_SEND = "http.lifecycle.send"
     HTTP_MIDDLEWARE_AFTER = "http.middleware.after"
     HTTP_MIDDLEWARE_BEFORE = "http.middleware.before"
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@ RESERVED_NAMESPACES = {
         Event.HTTP_LIFECYCLE_RESPONSE.value,
         Event.HTTP_ROUTING_AFTER.value,
         Event.HTTP_ROUTING_BEFORE.value,
+        Event.HTTP_HANDLER_AFTER.value,
+        Event.HTTP_HANDLER_BEFORE.value,
         Event.HTTP_LIFECYCLE_SEND.value,
         Event.HTTP_MIDDLEWARE_AFTER.value,
         Event.HTTP_MIDDLEWARE_BEFORE.value,
@@ -150,13 +154,11 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
         try:
             for signal in signals:
                 params.pop("__trigger__", None)
+                requirements = signal.extra.requirements
                 if (
                     (condition is None and signal.ctx.exclusive is False)
-                    or (
+                    or (condition is None and not requirements)
-                        condition is None
+                    or (condition == requirements)
-                        and not signal.handler.__requirements__
-                    )
-                    or (condition == signal.handler.__requirements__)
                 ) and (signal.ctx.trigger or event == signal.ctx.definition):
                     maybe_coroutine = signal.handler(**params)
                     if isawaitable(maybe_coroutine):
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
             fail_not_found=fail_not_found and inline,
             reverse=reverse,
         )
-        logger.debug(f"Dispatching signal: {event}")
+        logger.debug(f"Dispatching signal: {event}", extra={"verbosity": 1})
 
         if inline:
             return await dispatch
@@ -215,8 +217,13 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
         if not trigger:
             event = ".".join([*parts[:2], "<__trigger__>"])
 
+        try:
+            # Attaching __requirements__ and __trigger__ to the handler
+            # is deprecated and will be removed in v23.6.
             handler.__requirements__ = condition  # type: ignore
             handler.__trigger__ = trigger  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
 
         signal = super().add(
             event,
@@ -228,6 +235,7 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
         signal.ctx.exclusive = exclusive
         signal.ctx.trigger = trigger
         signal.ctx.definition = event_definition
+        signal.extra.requirements = condition
 
         return cast(Signal, signal)
 

sanic/simple.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from sanic import Sanic
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
-from sanic.response import redirect
 
 
 def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
@@ -12,10 +11,8 @@ def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
         )
 
     app = Sanic("SimpleServer")
-    app.static("/", directory, name="main")
+    app.static(
-
+        "/", directory, name="main", directory_view=True, index="index.html"
-    @app.get("/")
+    )
-    def index(_):
-        return redirect(app.url_for("main", filename="index.html"))
 
     return app

sanic/touchup/meta.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class TouchUpMeta(SanicMeta):
         methods = attrs.get("__touchup__")
         attrs["__touched__"] = False
         if methods:
-
             for method in methods:
                 if method not in attrs:
                     raise SanicException(

sanic/types/shared_ctx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import os
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Any, Iterable
+
+from sanic.log import Colors, error_logger
+
+
+class SharedContext(SimpleNamespace):
+    SAFE = ("_lock",)
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self._lock = False
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if self.is_locked:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Cannot set {name} on locked SharedContext object"
+            )
+        if not os.environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_NAME"):
+            to_check: Iterable[Any]
+            if not isinstance(value, (tuple, frozenset)):
+                to_check = [value]
+            else:
+                to_check = value
+            for item in to_check:
+                self._check(name, item)
+        super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+    def _check(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if name in self.SAFE:
+            return
+        try:
+            module = value.__module__
+        except AttributeError:
+            module = ""
+        if not any(
+            module.startswith(prefix)
+            for prefix in ("multiprocessing", "ctypes")
+        ):
+            error_logger.warning(
+                f"{Colors.YELLOW}Unsafe object {Colors.PURPLE}{name} "
+                f"{Colors.YELLOW}with type {Colors.PURPLE}{type(value)} "
+                f"{Colors.YELLOW}was added to shared_ctx. It may not "
+                "not function as intended. Consider using the regular "
+                f"ctx.\nFor more information, please see https://sanic.dev/en"
+                "/guide/deployment/manager.html#using-shared-context-between-"
+                f"worker-processes.{Colors.END}"
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def is_locked(self) -> bool:
+        return getattr(self, "_lock", False)
+
+    def lock(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = True

sanic/utils.py

@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ def load_module_from_file_location(
         location = location.decode(encoding)
 
     if isinstance(location, Path) or "/" in location or "$" in location:
-
         if not isinstance(location, Path):
             # A) Check if location contains any environment variables
             #    in format ${some_env_var}.

sanic/worker/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from enum import IntEnum, auto
+
+from sanic.compat import UpperStrEnum
+
+
+class RestartOrder(UpperStrEnum):
+    SHUTDOWN_FIRST = auto()
+    STARTUP_FIRST = auto()
+
+
+class ProcessState(IntEnum):
+    IDLE = auto()
+    RESTARTING = auto()
+    STARTING = auto()
+    STARTED = auto()
+    ACKED = auto()
+    JOINED = auto()
+    TERMINATED = auto()

sanic/worker/inspector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from inspect import isawaitable
+from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
+from os import environ
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, Mapping, Union
+
+from sanic.exceptions import Unauthorized
+from sanic.helpers import Default
+from sanic.log import logger
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import json
+
+
+class Inspector:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        publisher: Connection,
+        app_info: Dict[str, Any],
+        worker_state: Mapping[str, Any],
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        api_key: str,
+        tls_key: Union[Path, str, Default],
+        tls_cert: Union[Path, str, Default],
+    ):
+        self._publisher = publisher
+        self.app_info = app_info
+        self.worker_state = worker_state
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.tls_key = tls_key
+        self.tls_cert = tls_cert
+
+    def __call__(self, run=True, **_) -> Inspector:
+        from sanic import Sanic
+
+        self.app = Sanic("Inspector")
+        self._setup()
+        if run:
+            self.app.run(
+                host=self.host,
+                port=self.port,
+                single_process=True,
+                ssl={"key": self.tls_key, "cert": self.tls_cert}
+                if not isinstance(self.tls_key, Default)
+                and not isinstance(self.tls_cert, Default)
+                else None,
+            )
+        return self
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        self.app.get("/")(self._info)
+        self.app.post("/<action:str>")(self._action)
+        if self.api_key:
+            self.app.on_request(self._authentication)
+        environ["SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING"] = "true"
+
+    def _authentication(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        if request.token != self.api_key:
+            raise Unauthorized("Bad API key")
+
+    async def _action(self, request: Request, action: str):
+        logger.info("Incoming inspector action: %s", action)
+        output: Any = None
+        method = getattr(self, action, None)
+        if method:
+            kwargs = {}
+            if request.body:
+                kwargs = request.json
+            args = kwargs.pop("args", ())
+            output = method(*args, **kwargs)
+            if isawaitable(output):
+                output = await output
+
+        return await self._respond(request, output)
+
+    async def _info(self, request: Request):
+        return await self._respond(request, self._state_to_json())
+
+    async def _respond(self, request: Request, output: Any):
+        name = request.match_info.get("action", "info")
+        return json(
+            {"meta": {"action": name}, "result": output},
+            escape_forward_slashes=False,
+        )
+
+    def _state_to_json(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        output = {"info": self.app_info}
+        output["workers"] = self._make_safe(dict(self.worker_state))
+        return output
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_safe(obj: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        for key, value in obj.items():
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                obj[key] = Inspector._make_safe(value)
+            elif isinstance(value, datetime):
+                obj[key] = value.isoformat()
+        return obj
+
+    def reload(self, zero_downtime: bool = False) -> None:
+        message = "__ALL_PROCESSES__:"
+        if zero_downtime:
+            message += ":STARTUP_FIRST"
+        self._publisher.send(message)
+
+    def scale(self, replicas) -> str:
+        num_workers = 1
+        if replicas:
+            num_workers = int(replicas)
+        log_msg = f"Scaling to {num_workers}"
+        logger.info(log_msg)
+        message = f"__SCALE__:{num_workers}"
+        self._publisher.send(message)
+        return log_msg
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        message = "__TERMINATE__"
+        self._publisher.send(message)

sanic/worker/loader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from importlib import import_module
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from sanic.http.tls.context import process_to_context
+from sanic.http.tls.creators import MkcertCreator, TrustmeCreator
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic import Sanic as SanicApp
+
+
+class AppLoader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        module_input: str = "",
+        as_factory: bool = False,
+        as_simple: bool = False,
+        args: Any = None,
+        factory: Optional[Callable[[], SanicApp]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.module_input = module_input
+        self.module_name = ""
+        self.app_name = ""
+        self.as_factory = as_factory
+        self.as_simple = as_simple
+        self.args = args
+        self.factory = factory
+        self.cwd = os.getcwd()
+
+        if module_input:
+            delimiter = ":" if ":" in module_input else "."
+            if module_input.count(delimiter):
+                module_name, app_name = module_input.rsplit(delimiter, 1)
+                self.module_name = module_name
+                self.app_name = app_name
+                if self.app_name.endswith("()"):
+                    self.as_factory = True
+                    self.app_name = self.app_name[:-2]
+
+    def load(self) -> SanicApp:
+        module_path = os.path.abspath(self.cwd)
+        if module_path not in sys.path:
+            sys.path.append(module_path)
+
+        if self.factory:
+            return self.factory()
+        else:
+            from sanic.app import Sanic
+            from sanic.simple import create_simple_server
+
+            if self.as_simple:
+                path = Path(self.module_input)
+                app = create_simple_server(path)
+            else:
+                if self.module_name == "" and os.path.isdir(self.module_input):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "App not found.\n"
+                        "   Please use --simple if you are passing a "
+                        "directory to sanic.\n"
+                        f"   eg. sanic {self.module_input} --simple"
+                    )
+
+                module = import_module(self.module_name)
+                app = getattr(module, self.app_name, None)
+                if self.as_factory:
+                    try:
+                        app = app(self.args)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        app = app()
+
+                app_type_name = type(app).__name__
+
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(app, Sanic)
+                    and self.args
+                    and hasattr(self.args, "module")
+                ):
+                    if callable(app):
+                        solution = f"sanic {self.args.module} --factory"
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "Module is not a Sanic app, it is a "
+                            f"{app_type_name}\n"
+                            "  If this callable returns a "
+                            f"Sanic instance try: \n{solution}"
+                        )
+
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Module is not a Sanic app, it is a {app_type_name}\n"
+                        f"  Perhaps you meant {self.args.module}:app?"
+                    )
+        return app
+
+
+class CertLoader:
+    _creators = {
+        "mkcert": MkcertCreator,
+        "trustme": TrustmeCreator,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, ssl_data: Dict[str, Union[str, os.PathLike]]):
+        self._ssl_data = ssl_data
+
+        creator_name = cast(str, ssl_data.get("creator"))
+
+        self._creator_class = self._creators.get(creator_name)
+        if not creator_name:
+            return
+
+        if not self._creator_class:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown certificate creator: {creator_name}")
+
+        self._key = ssl_data["key"]
+        self._cert = ssl_data["cert"]
+        self._localhost = cast(str, ssl_data["localhost"])
+
+    def load(self, app: SanicApp):
+        if not self._creator_class:
+            return process_to_context(self._ssl_data)
+
+        creator = self._creator_class(app, self._key, self._cert)
+        return creator.generate_cert(self._localhost)

sanic/worker/manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+import os
+
+from contextlib import suppress
+from itertools import count
+from random import choice
+from signal import SIGINT, SIGTERM, Signals
+from signal import signal as signal_func
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+
+from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS
+from sanic.exceptions import ServerKilled
+from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.worker.constants import RestartOrder
+from sanic.worker.process import ProcessState, Worker, WorkerProcess
+
+
+if not OS_IS_WINDOWS:
+    from signal import SIGKILL
+else:
+    SIGKILL = SIGINT
+
+
+class WorkerManager:
+    THRESHOLD = WorkerProcess.THRESHOLD
+    MAIN_IDENT = "Sanic-Main"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        number: int,
+        serve,
+        server_settings,
+        context,
+        monitor_pubsub,
+        worker_state,
+    ):
+        self.num_server = number
+        self.context = context
+        self.transient: Dict[str, Worker] = {}
+        self.durable: Dict[str, Worker] = {}
+        self.monitor_publisher, self.monitor_subscriber = monitor_pubsub
+        self.worker_state = worker_state
+        self.worker_state[self.MAIN_IDENT] = {"pid": self.pid}
+        self._shutting_down = False
+        self._serve = serve
+        self._server_settings = server_settings
+        self._server_count = count()
+
+        if number == 0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot serve with no workers")
+
+        for _ in range(number):
+            self.create_server()
+
+        signal_func(SIGINT, self.shutdown_signal)
+        signal_func(SIGTERM, self.shutdown_signal)
+
+    def manage(self, ident, func, kwargs, transient=False) -> Worker:
+        container = self.transient if transient else self.durable
+        worker = Worker(ident, func, kwargs, self.context, self.worker_state)
+        container[worker.ident] = worker
+        return worker
+
+    def create_server(self) -> Worker:
+        server_number = next(self._server_count)
+        return self.manage(
+            f"{WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL}-{server_number}",
+            self._serve,
+            self._server_settings,
+            transient=True,
+        )
+
+    def shutdown_server(self, ident: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        if not ident:
+            servers = [
+                worker
+                for worker in self.transient.values()
+                if worker.ident.startswith(WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL)
+            ]
+            if not servers:
+                error_logger.error(
+                    "Server shutdown failed because a server was not found."
+                )
+                return
+            worker = choice(servers)  # nosec B311
+        else:
+            worker = self.transient[ident]
+
+        for process in worker.processes:
+            process.terminate()
+
+        del self.transient[worker.ident]
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.start()
+        self.monitor()
+        self.join()
+        self.terminate()
+
+    def start(self):
+        for process in self.processes:
+            process.start()
+
+    def join(self):
+        logger.debug("Joining processes", extra={"verbosity": 1})
+        joined = set()
+        for process in self.processes:
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Found {process.pid} - {process.state.name}",
+                extra={"verbosity": 1},
+            )
+            if process.state < ProcessState.JOINED:
+                logger.debug(f"Joining {process.pid}", extra={"verbosity": 1})
+                joined.add(process.pid)
+                process.join()
+        if joined:
+            self.join()
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        if not self._shutting_down:
+            for process in self.processes:
+                process.terminate()
+
+    def restart(
+        self,
+        process_names: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        restart_order=RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        for process in self.transient_processes:
+            if not process_names or process.name in process_names:
+                process.restart(restart_order=restart_order, **kwargs)
+
+    def scale(self, num_worker: int):
+        if num_worker <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot scale to 0 workers.")
+
+        change = num_worker - self.num_server
+        if change == 0:
+            logger.info(
+                f"No change needed. There are already {num_worker} workers."
+            )
+            return
+
+        logger.info(f"Scaling from {self.num_server} to {num_worker} workers")
+        if change > 0:
+            for _ in range(change):
+                worker = self.create_server()
+                for process in worker.processes:
+                    process.start()
+        else:
+            for _ in range(abs(change)):
+                self.shutdown_server()
+        self.num_server = num_worker
+
+    def monitor(self):
+        self.wait_for_ack()
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self.monitor_subscriber.poll(0.1):
+                    message = self.monitor_subscriber.recv()
+                    logger.debug(
+                        f"Monitor message: {message}", extra={"verbosity": 2}
+                    )
+                    if not message:
+                        break
+                    elif message == "__TERMINATE__":
+                        self.shutdown()
+                        break
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Incoming monitor message: %s",
+                        message,
+                        extra={"verbosity": 1},
+                    )
+                    split_message = message.split(":", 2)
+                    if message.startswith("__SCALE__"):
+                        self.scale(int(split_message[-1]))
+                        continue
+                    processes = split_message[0]
+                    reloaded_files = (
+                        split_message[1] if len(split_message) > 1 else None
+                    )
+                    process_names = [
+                        name.strip() for name in processes.split(",")
+                    ]
+                    if "__ALL_PROCESSES__" in process_names:
+                        process_names = None
+                    order = (
+                        RestartOrder.STARTUP_FIRST
+                        if "STARTUP_FIRST" in split_message
+                        else RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST
+                    )
+                    self.restart(
+                        process_names=process_names,
+                        reloaded_files=reloaded_files,
+                        restart_order=order,
+                    )
+                self._sync_states()
+            except InterruptedError:
+                if not OS_IS_WINDOWS:
+                    raise
+                break
+
+    def wait_for_ack(self):  # no cov
+        misses = 0
+        message = (
+            "It seems that one or more of your workers failed to come "
+            "online in the allowed time. Sanic is shutting down to avoid a "
+            f"deadlock. The current threshold is {self.THRESHOLD / 10}s. "
+            "If this problem persists, please check out the documentation "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/manager.html#worker-ack."
+        )
+        while not self._all_workers_ack():
+            if self.monitor_subscriber.poll(0.1):
+                monitor_msg = self.monitor_subscriber.recv()
+                if monitor_msg != "__TERMINATE_EARLY__":
+                    self.monitor_publisher.send(monitor_msg)
+                    continue
+                misses = self.THRESHOLD
+                message = (
+                    "One of your worker processes terminated before startup "
+                    "was completed. Please solve any errors experienced "
+                    "during startup. If you do not see an exception traceback "
+                    "in your error logs, try running Sanic in in a single "
+                    "process using --single-process or single_process=True. "
+                    "Once you are confident that the server is able to start "
+                    "without errors you can switch back to multiprocess mode."
+                )
+            misses += 1
+            if misses > self.THRESHOLD:
+                error_logger.error(
+                    "Not all workers acknowledged a successful startup. "
+                    "Shutting down.\n\n" + message
+                )
+                self.kill()
+
+    @property
+    def workers(self) -> List[Worker]:
+        return list(self.transient.values()) + list(self.durable.values())
+
+    @property
+    def processes(self):
+        for worker in self.workers:
+            for process in worker.processes:
+                yield process
+
+    @property
+    def transient_processes(self):
+        for worker in self.transient.values():
+            for process in worker.processes:
+                yield process
+
+    def kill(self):
+        for process in self.processes:
+            logger.info("Killing %s [%s]", process.name, process.pid)
+            os.kill(process.pid, SIGKILL)
+        raise ServerKilled
+
+    def shutdown_signal(self, signal, frame):
+        if self._shutting_down:
+            logger.info("Shutdown interrupted. Killing.")
+            with suppress(ServerKilled):
+                self.kill()
+
+        logger.info("Received signal %s. Shutting down.", Signals(signal).name)
+        self.monitor_publisher.send(None)
+        self.shutdown()
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        for process in self.processes:
+            if process.is_alive():
+                process.terminate()
+        self._shutting_down = True
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self):
+        return os.getpid()
+
+    def _all_workers_ack(self):
+        acked = [
+            worker_state.get("state") == ProcessState.ACKED.name
+            for worker_state in self.worker_state.values()
+            if worker_state.get("server")
+        ]
+        return all(acked) and len(acked) == self.num_server
+
+    def _sync_states(self):
+        for process in self.processes:
+            state = self.worker_state[process.name].get("state")
+            if state and process.state.name != state:
+                process.set_state(ProcessState[state], True)