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A paragraph with a link and formatting ``` ### Auto-index serving is available on static handlers Sanic can now be configured to serve an index file when serving a static directory. ```python app.static("/assets/", "/path/to/some/dir", index="index.html") ``` When using the above, requests to `http://example.com/assets/` will automatically serve the `index.html` file located in that directory. ### Simpler CLI targets It is common practice for Sanic applications to use the variable `app` as the application instance. Because of this, the CLI application target (the second value of the `sanic` CLI command) now tries to infer the application instance based upon what the target is. If the target is a module that contains an `app` variable, it will use that. There are now four possible ways to launch a Sanic application from the CLI. #### 1. Application instance As normal, providing a path to a module and an application instance will work as expected. ```sh sanic path.to.module:app # global app instance ``` #### 2. Application factory Previously, to serve the factory pattern, you would need to use the `--factory` flag. This can be omitted now. ```sh sanic path.to.module:create_app # factory pattern ``` #### 3. Path to launch Sanic Simple Server Similarly, to launch the Sanic simple server (serve static directory), you previously needed to use the `--simple` flag. This can be omitted now, and instead simply provide the path to the directory. ```sh sanic ./path/to/directory/ # simple serve ``` #### 4. Python module containing an `app` variable As stated above, if the target is a module that contains an `app` variable, it will use that (assuming that `app` variable is a `Sanic` instance). ```sh sanic path.to.module # module with app instance ``` ### More convenient methods for setting and deleting cookies The old cookie pattern was awkward and clunky. It didn't look like regular Python because of the "magic" going on under the hood. .. column:: 😱 This is not intuitive and is confusing for newcomers. .. column:: ```python response = text("There's a cookie up in this response") response.cookies["test"] = "It worked!" response.cookies["test"]["domain"] = ".yummy-yummy-cookie.com" response.cookies["test"]["httponly"] = True ``` There are now new methods (and completely overhauled `Cookie` and `CookieJar` objects) to make this process more convenient. .. column:: 😌 Ahh... Much nicer. .. column:: ```python response = text("There's a cookie up in this response") response.add_cookie( "test", "It worked!", domain=".yummy-yummy-cookie.com", httponly=True ) ``` ### Better cookie compatibility Sanic has added support for [cookie prefixes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies#cookie_prefixes), making it seemless and easy to read and write cookies with the values. While setting the cookie... ```py response.cookies.add_cookie("foo", "bar", host_prefix=True) ``` This will create the prefixed cookie: `__Host-foo`. However, when accessing the cookie on an incoming request, you can do so without knowing about the existence of the header. ```py request.cookies.get("foo") ``` It should also be noted, cookies can be accessed as properties just like [headers](#access-any-header-as-a-property). ```python request.cookies.foo ``` And, cookies are similar to the `request.args` and `request.form` objects in that multiple values can be retrieved using `getlist`. ```py request.cookies.getlist("foo") ``` Also added is support for creating [partitioned cookies](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie#partitioned_cookie). ```py response.cookies.add_cookie(..., partitioned=True) ``` ### 🚨 *BREAKING CHANGE* - More consistent and powerful `SanicException` Sanic has for a while included the `SanicException` as a base class exception. This could be extended to add `status_code`, etc. [See more details](http://localhost:8080/en/guide/best-practices/exceptions.html). **NOW**, using all of the various exceptions has become easier. The commonly used exceptions can be imported directly from the root level module. ```python from sanic import NotFound, Unauthorized, BadRequest, ServerError ``` In addition, all of these arguments are available as keyword arguments on every exception type: | argument | type | description | |--|--|--| | `quiet` | `bool` | Suppress the traceback from the logs | | `context` | `dict` | Additional information shown in error pages *always* | | `extra` | `dict` | Additional information shown in error pages in *DEBUG* mode | | `headers` | `dict` | Additional headers sent in the response | None of these are themselves new features. However, they are more consistent in how you can use them, thus creating a powerful way to control error responses directly. ```py raise ServerError(headers={"foo": "bar"}) ``` The part of this that is a breaking change is that some formerly positional arguments are now keyword only. You are encouraged to look at the specific implementations for each error in the [API documents](https://sanic.readthedocs.io/en/stable/sanic/api/exceptions.html#module-sanic.exceptions). ### 🚨 *BREAKING CHANGE* - Refresh `Request.accept` functionality to be more performant and spec-compliant Parsing od the `Accept` headers into the `Request.accept` accessor has been improved. If you were using this property and relying upon its equality operation, this has changed. You should probably transition to using the `request.accept.match()` method. ### Access any header as a property To simplify access to headers, you can access a raw (unparsed) version of the header as a property. The name of the header is the name of the property in all lowercase letters, and switching any hyphens (`-`) to underscores (`_`). For example: .. column:: ``` GET /foo/bar HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost User-Agent: curl/7.88.1 X-Request-ID: 123ABC ``` .. column:: ```py request.headers.host request.headers.user_agent request.headers.x_request_id ``` ### Consume `DELETE` body by default By default, the body of a `DELETE` request will now be consumed and read onto the `Request` object. This will make `body` available like on `POST`, `PUT`, and `PATCH` requests without any further action. ### Custom `CertLoader` for direct control of creating `SSLContext` Sometimes you may want to create your own `SSLContext` object. To do this, you can create your own subclass of `CertLoader` that will generate your desired context object. ```python from sanic.worker.loader import CertLoader class MyCertLoader(CertLoader): def load(self, app: Sanic) -> SSLContext: ... app = Sanic(..., certloader_class=MyCertLoader) ``` ### Deprecations and Removals 1. *DEPRECATED* - Dict-style cookie setting 1. *DEPRECATED* - Using existence of JSON data on the request for one factor in using JSON error formatter 1. *REMOVED* - Remove deprecated `__blueprintname__` property 1. *REMOVED* - duplicate route names 1. *REMOVED* - duplicate exception handler definitions 1. *REMOVED* - inspector CLI with flags 1. *REMOVED* - legacy server (including `sanic.server.serve_single` and `sanic.server.serve_multiple`) 1. *REMOVED* - serving directory with bytes string 1. *REMOVED* - `Request.request_middleware_started` 1. *REMOVED* - `Websocket.connection` #### Duplicated route names are no longer allowed In version 22.9, Sanic announced that v23.3 would deprecate allowing routes to be registered with duplicate names. If you see the following error, it is because of that change: > sanic.exceptions.ServerError: Duplicate route names detected: SomeApp.some_handler. You should rename one or more of them explicitly by using the `name` param, or changing the implicit name derived from the class and function name. For more details, please see https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#duplicated-route-names-are-no-longer-allowed If you are seeing this, you should opt-in to using explicit names for your routes. .. column:: **BAD** ```python app = Sanic("SomeApp") @app.get("/") @app.get("/foo") async def handler(request: Request): ``` .. column:: **GOOD** ```python app = Sanic("SomeApp") @app.get("/", name="root") @app.get("/foo", name="foo") async def handler(request: Request): ``` #### Response cookies Response cookies act as a `dict` for compatibility purposes only. In version 24.3, all `dict` methods will be removed and response cookies will be objects only. Therefore, if you are using this pattern to set cookie properties, you will need to upgrade it before version 24.3. ```python resp = HTTPResponse() resp.cookies["foo"] = "bar" resp.cookies["foo"]["httponly"] = True ``` Instead, you should be using the `add_cookie` method: ```python resp = HTTPResponse() resp.add_cookie("foo", "bar", httponly=True) ``` #### Request cookies Sanic has added support for reading duplicated cookie keys to be more in compliance with RFC specifications. To retain backwards compatibility, accessing a cookie value using `__getitem__` will continue to work to fetch the first value sent. Therefore, in version 23.3 and prior versions this will be `True`. ```python assert request.cookies["foo"] == "bar" assert request.cookies.get("foo") == "bar" ``` Version 23.3 added `getlist` ```python assert request.cookies.getlist("foo") == ["bar"] ``` As stated above, the `get` and `getlist` methods are available similar to how they exist on other request properties (`request.args`, `request.form`, etc). Starting in v24.3, the `__getitem__` method for cookies will work exactly like those properties. This means that `__getitem__` will return a list of values. Therefore, if you are relying upon this functionality to return only one value, you should upgrade to the following pattern before v24.3. ```python assert request.cookies["foo"] == ["bar"] assert request.cookies.get("foo") == "bar" assert request.cookies.getlist("foo") == ["bar"] ``` ## Thank you Thank you to everyone that participated in this release: :clap: [@ahopkins](https://github.com/ahopkins) [@ChihweiLHBird](https://github.com/ChihweiLHBird) [@deounix](https://github.com/deounix) [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex) [@mbendiksen](https://github.com/mbendiksen) [@prryplatypus](https://github.com/prryplatypus) [@r0x0d](https://github.com/r0x0d) [@SaidBySolo](https://github.com/SaidBySolo) [@sjsadowski](https://github.com/sjsadowski) [@stricaud](https://github.com/stricaud) [@Tracyca209](https://github.com/Tracyca209) [@Tronic](https://github.com/Tronic) --- If you enjoy the project, please consider contributing. Of course we love code contributions, but we also love contributions in any form. Consider writing some documentation, showing off use cases, joining conversations and making your voice known, and if you are able: [financial contributions](https://opencollective.com/sanic-org/).