Inject app into request object

Allows for injection of the app object into the request object through
the request handler.

This allows for users to setup things like database connections etc. in
listeners and then utilize them throughout the their various route
handlers.

Usage is fairly simple like so:
```python
@app.get('/')
async def handler(request):
    request.app.anything
```

Name is up in the air but I'll leave this up for a few days and I'll
change it if we get a consensus

sanic/app.py

@@ -360,6 +360,8 @@ class Sanic:
             # Request Middleware
             # -------------------------------------------- #
 
+            request.app = self
+
             response = False
             # The if improves speed.  I don't know why
             if self.request_middleware:

sanic/request.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class RequestParameters(dict):
 class Request(dict):
     """Properties of an HTTP request such as URL, headers, etc."""
     __slots__ = (
-        'url', 'headers', 'version', 'method', '_cookies', 'transport',
+        'app', 'url', 'headers', 'version', 'method', '_cookies', 'transport',
         'query_string', 'body',
         'parsed_json', 'parsed_args', 'parsed_form', 'parsed_files',
         '_ip',
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class Request(dict):
     def __init__(self, url_bytes, headers, version, method, transport):
         # TODO: Content-Encoding detection
         url_parsed = parse_url(url_bytes)
+        self.app = None
         self.url = url_parsed.path.decode('utf-8')
         self.headers = headers
         self.version = version

tests/test_request_data.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import random
+
 from sanic import Sanic
 from sanic.response import json
 from ujson import loads
@@ -21,3 +23,21 @@ def test_storage():
     response_json = loads(response.text)
     assert response_json['user'] == 'sanic'
     assert response_json.get('sidekick') is None
+
+
+def test_app_injection():
+    app = Sanic('test_app_injection')
+    expected = random.choice(range(0, 100))
+
+    @app.listener('after_server_start')
+    async def inject_data(app, loop):
+        app.injected = expected
+
+    @app.get('/')
+    async def handler(request):
+        return json({'injected': request.app.injected})
+
+    request, response = app.test_client.get('/')
+
+    response_json = loads(response.text)
+    assert response_json['injected'] == expected