squash

Co-authored-by: L. Kärkkäinen <98187+Tronic@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com>
Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: SML <smlbiobot@gmail.com>

.coveragerc

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ omit =
     sanic/simple.py
     sanic/utils.py
     sanic/cli
+    sanic/pages
 
 [html]
 directory = coverage

codecov.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ ignore:
   - "sanic/compat.py"
   - "sanic/simple.py"
   - "sanic/utils.py"
-  - "sanic/cli"
+  - "sanic/cli/"
+  - "sanic/pages/"
   - ".github/"
   - "changelogs/"
   - "docker/"

pyproject.toml

@@ -23,5 +23,7 @@ module = [
     "trustme.*",
     "sanic_routing.*",
     "aioquic.*",
+    "html5tagger.*",
+    "tracerite.*",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true

sanic/__version__.py

@@ -1 +1,10 @@
-__version__ = "22.12.0"
+__version__ = "23.3.0"
+__compatibility__ = "22.12"
+
+from inspect import currentframe, stack
+
+for frame_info in stack():
+    if frame_info.frame is not currentframe():
+        value = frame_info.frame.f_globals.get("__SANIC_COMPATIBILITY__")
+        if value:
+            __compatibility__ = value

sanic/app.py

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ from sanic.log import (
 from sanic.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareLocation
 from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerEvent
 from sanic.mixins.startup import StartupMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticHandleMixin
 from sanic.models.futures import (
     FutureException,
     FutureListener,
@@ -79,7 +80,6 @@ from sanic.models.futures import (
     FutureRegistry,
     FutureRoute,
     FutureSignal,
-    FutureStatic,
 )
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType, MiddlewareType
 from sanic.models.handler_types import Sanic as SanicVar
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ if OS_IS_WINDOWS:  # no cov
     enable_windows_color_support()
 
 
-class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
+class Sanic(StaticHandleMixin, BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
     """
     The main application instance
     """
@@ -441,9 +441,6 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
 
         return routes
 
-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        return self._register_static(static)
-
     def _apply_middleware(
         self,
         middleware: FutureMiddleware,
@@ -878,6 +875,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
         :param request: HTTP Request object
         :return: Nothing
         """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
         await self.dispatch(
             "http.lifecycle.handle",
             inline=True,
@@ -890,11 +889,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
             Union[
                 BaseHTTPResponse,
                 Coroutine[Any, Any, Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]],
+                ResponseStream,
             ]
         ] = None
         run_middleware = True
         try:
-
             await self.dispatch(
                 "http.routing.before",
                 inline=True,
@@ -926,7 +925,6 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                 and request.stream.request_body
                 and not route.extra.ignore_body
             ):
-
                 if hasattr(handler, "is_stream"):
                     # Streaming handler: lift the size limit
                     request.stream.request_max_size = float("inf")
@@ -1000,7 +998,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                 ...
                 await response.send(end_stream=True)
             elif isinstance(response, ResponseStream):
-                resp = await response(request)  # type: ignore
+                resp = await response(request)
                 await self.dispatch(
                     "http.lifecycle.response",
                     inline=True,
@@ -1009,7 +1007,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                         "response": resp,
                     },
                 )
-                await response.eof()  # type: ignore
+                await response.eof()
             else:
                 if not hasattr(handler, "is_websocket"):
                     raise ServerError(

sanic/application/logo.py

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ FULL_COLOR_LOGO = """
 
 """  # noqa
 
+SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE = """<svg id=logo-simple viewBox="0 0 964 279"><desc>Sanic</desc><path d="M107 222c9-2 10-20 1-22s-20-2-30-2-17 7-16 14 6 10 15 10h30zm115-1c16-2 30-11 35-23s6-24 2-33-6-14-15-20-24-11-38-10c-7 3-10 13-5 19s17-1 24 4 15 14 13 24-5 15-14 18-50 0-74 0h-17c-6 4-10 15-4 20s16 2 23 3zM251 83q9-1 9-7 0-15-10-16h-13c-10 6-10 20 0 22zM147 60c-4 0-10 3-11 11s5 13 10 12 42 0 67 0c5-3 7-10 6-15s-4-8-9-8zm-33 1c-8 0-16 0-24 3s-20 10-25 20-6 24-4 36 15 22 26 27 78 8 94 3c4-4 4-12 0-18s-69 8-93-10c-8-7-9-23 0-30s12-10 20-10 12 2 16-3 1-15-5-18z" fill="#ff0d68"/><path d="M676 74c0-14-18-9-20 0s0 30 0 39 20 9 20 2zm-297-10c-12 2-15 12-23 23l-41 58H340l22-30c8-12 23-13 30-4s20 24 24 38-10 10-17 10l-68 2q-17 1-48 30c-7 6-10 20 0 24s15-8 20-13 20 -20 58-21h50 c20 2 33 9 52 30 8 10 24-4 16-13L384 65q-3-2-5-1zm131 0c-10 1-12 12-11 20v96c1 10-3 23 5 32s20-5 17-15c0-23-3-46 2-67 5-12 22-14 32-5l103 87c7 5 19 1 18-9v-64c-3-10-20-9-21 2s-20 22-30 13l-97-80c-5-4-10-10-18-10zM701 76v128c2 10 15 12 20 4s0-102 0-124s-20-18-20-7z M850 63c-35 0-69-2-86 15s-20 60-13 66 13 8 16 0 1-10 1-27 12-26 20-32 66-5 85-5 31 4 31-10-18-7-54-7M764 159c-6-2-15-2-16 12s19 37 33 43 23 8 25-4-4-11-11-14q-9-3-22-18c-4-7-3-16-10-19zM828 196c-4 0-8 1-10 5s-4 12 0 15 8 2 12 2h60c5 0 10-2 12-6 3-7-1-16-8-16z" fill="#1f1f1f"/></svg>"""  # noqa
+
 ansi_pattern = re.compile(r"\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])")
 
 

sanic/base/root.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerMixin
 from sanic.mixins.middleware import MiddlewareMixin
 from sanic.mixins.routes import RouteMixin
 from sanic.mixins.signals import SignalMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticMixin
 
 
 VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")
 
 class BaseSanic(
     RouteMixin,
+    StaticMixin,
     MiddlewareMixin,
     ListenerMixin,
     ExceptionMixin,

sanic/blueprints.py

@@ -304,9 +304,6 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
 
         # Routes
         for future in self._future_routes:
-            # attach the blueprint name to the handler so that it can be
-            # prefixed properly in the router
-            future.handler.__blueprintname__ = self.name
             # Prepend the blueprint URI prefix if available
             uri = self._setup_uri(future.uri, url_prefix)
 

sanic/breaking/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from sanic.__version__ import __compatibility__
+
+if __compatibility__ == "22.12":
+    from .v22_12.request import (
+        File,
+        Request,
+        RequestParameters,
+        parse_multipart_form,
+    )
+elif __compatibility__ == "23.3":
+    from .v23_3.request import (
+        File,
+        Request,
+        RequestParameters,
+        parse_multipart_form,
+    )
+else:
+    raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown compatibility value: {__compatibility__}")

sanic/breaking/v23_3/request.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from ..v22_12.request import File
+from ..v22_12.request import Request as LegacyRequest
+from ..v22_12.request import RequestParameters, parse_multipart_form
+
+
+class Request(LegacyRequest):
+    @property
+    def something_new(self):
+        return 123

sanic/compat.py

@@ -88,6 +88,12 @@ class Header(CIMultiDict):
     very similar to a regular dictionary.
     """
 
+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        if key.startswith("_"):
+            return self.__getattribute__(key)
+        key = key.rstrip("_").replace("_", "-")
+        return ",".join(self.getall(key, default=[]))
+
     def get_all(self, key: str):
         """
         Convenience method mapped to ``getall()``.

sanic/constants.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from sanic.compat import UpperStrEnum
 
 
 class HTTPMethod(UpperStrEnum):
-
     GET = auto()
     POST = auto()
     PUT = auto()
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ class HTTPMethod(UpperStrEnum):
 
 
 class LocalCertCreator(UpperStrEnum):
-
     AUTO = auto()
     TRUSTME = auto()
     MKCERT = auto()

sanic/errorpages.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Setting ``app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "auto"`` will enable a switch that
 will attempt to provide an appropriate response format based upon the
 request type.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 import typing as t
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ from traceback import extract_tb
 
 from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, SanicException
 from sanic.helpers import STATUS_CODES
-from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.log import deprecation, logger
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, html, json, text
+from sanic.pages.error import ErrorPage
+from sanic.response import html, json, text
 
 
 dumps: t.Callable[..., str]
@@ -33,13 +35,15 @@ try:
 except ImportError:  # noqa
     from json import dumps
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic import HTTPResponse, Request
 
 DEFAULT_FORMAT = "auto"
-FALLBACK_TEXT = (
+FALLBACK_TEXT = """\
-    "The server encountered an internal error and "
+The application encountered an unexpected error and could not continue.\
-    "cannot complete your request."
+"""
-)
 FALLBACK_STATUS = 500
+JSON = "application/json"
 
 
 class BaseRenderer:
@@ -113,134 +117,18 @@ class HTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
     The default fallback type.
     """
 
-    TRACEBACK_STYLE = """
-        html { font-family: sans-serif }
-        h2 { color: #888; }
-        .tb-wrapper p, dl, dd { margin: 0 }
-        .frame-border { margin: 1rem }
-        .frame-line > *, dt, dd { padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem }
-        .frame-line, dl { margin-bottom: 0.3rem }
-        .frame-code, dd { font-size: 16px; padding-left: 4ch }
-        .tb-wrapper, dl { border: 1px solid #eee }
-        .tb-header,.obj-header {
-            background: #eee; padding: 0.3rem; font-weight: bold
-        }
-        .frame-descriptor, dt { background: #e2eafb; font-size: 14px }
-    """
-    TRACEBACK_WRAPPER_HTML = (
-        "<div class=tb-header>{exc_name}: {exc_value}</div>"
-        "<div class=tb-wrapper>{frame_html}</div>"
-    )
-    TRACEBACK_BORDER = (
-        "<div class=frame-border>"
-        "The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:"
-        "</div>"
-    )
-    TRACEBACK_LINE_HTML = (
-        "<div class=frame-line>"
-        "<p class=frame-descriptor>"
-        "File {0.filename}, line <i>{0.lineno}</i>, "
-        "in <code><b>{0.name}</b></code>"
-        "<p class=frame-code><code>{0.line}</code>"
-        "</div>"
-    )
-    OBJECT_WRAPPER_HTML = (
-        "<div class=obj-header>{title}</div>"
-        "<dl class={obj_type}>{display_html}</dl>"
-    )
-    OBJECT_DISPLAY_HTML = "<dt>{key}</dt><dd><code>{value}</code></dd>"
-    OUTPUT_HTML = (
-        "<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en>"
-        "<meta charset=UTF-8><title>{title}</title>\n"
-        "<style>{style}</style>\n"
-        "<h1>{title}</h1><p>{text}\n"
-        "{body}"
-    )
-
     def full(self) -> HTTPResponse:
-        return html(
+        page = ErrorPage(
-            self.OUTPUT_HTML.format(
+            debug=self.debug,
-                title=self.title,
+            title=super().title,
-                text=self.text,
+            text=super().text,
-                style=self.TRACEBACK_STYLE,
+            request=self.request,
-                body=self._generate_body(full=True),
+            exc=self.exception,
-            ),
-            status=self.status,
         )
+        return html(page.render(), status=self.status, headers=self.headers)
 
     def minimal(self) -> HTTPResponse:
-        return html(
+        return self.full()
-            self.OUTPUT_HTML.format(
-                title=self.title,
-                text=self.text,
-                style=self.TRACEBACK_STYLE,
-                body=self._generate_body(full=False),
-            ),
-            status=self.status,
-            headers=self.headers,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def text(self):
-        return escape(super().text)
-
-    @property
-    def title(self):
-        return escape(f"⚠️ {super().title}")
-
-    def _generate_body(self, *, full):
-        lines = []
-        if full:
-            _, exc_value, __ = sys.exc_info()
-            exceptions = []
-            while exc_value:
-                exceptions.append(self._format_exc(exc_value))
-                exc_value = exc_value.__cause__
-
-            traceback_html = self.TRACEBACK_BORDER.join(reversed(exceptions))
-            appname = escape(self.request.app.name)
-            name = escape(self.exception.__class__.__name__)
-            value = escape(self.exception)
-            path = escape(self.request.path)
-            lines += [
-                f"<h2>Traceback of {appname} " "(most recent call last):</h2>",
-                f"{traceback_html}",
-                "<div class=summary><p>",
-                f"<b>{name}: {value}</b> "
-                f"while handling path <code>{path}</code>",
-                "</div>",
-            ]
-
-        for attr, display in (("context", True), ("extra", bool(full))):
-            info = getattr(self.exception, attr, None)
-            if info and display:
-                lines.append(self._generate_object_display(info, attr))
-
-        return "\n".join(lines)
-
-    def _generate_object_display(
-        self, obj: t.Dict[str, t.Any], descriptor: str
-    ) -> str:
-        display = "".join(
-            self.OBJECT_DISPLAY_HTML.format(key=key, value=value)
-            for key, value in obj.items()
-        )
-        return self.OBJECT_WRAPPER_HTML.format(
-            title=descriptor.title(),
-            display_html=display,
-            obj_type=descriptor.lower(),
-        )
-
-    def _format_exc(self, exc):
-        frames = extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)
-        frame_html = "".join(
-            self.TRACEBACK_LINE_HTML.format(frame) for frame in frames
-        )
-        return self.TRACEBACK_WRAPPER_HTML.format(
-            exc_name=escape(exc.__class__.__name__),
-            exc_value=escape(exc),
-            frame_html=frame_html,
-        )
 
 
 class TextRenderer(BaseRenderer):
@@ -388,32 +276,26 @@ def escape(text):
     return f"{text}".replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;")
 
 
-RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG = {
+MIME_BY_CONFIG = {
-    "html": HTMLRenderer,
+    "text": "text/plain",
-    "json": JSONRenderer,
+    "json": "application/json",
-    "text": TextRenderer,
+    "html": "text/html",
 }
-
+CONFIG_BY_MIME = {v: k for k, v in MIME_BY_CONFIG.items()}
 RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE = {
     "text/plain": TextRenderer,
     "application/json": JSONRenderer,
     "multipart/form-data": HTMLRenderer,
     "text/html": HTMLRenderer,
 }
-CONTENT_TYPE_BY_RENDERERS = {
-    v: k for k, v in RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.items()
-}
 
+# Handler source code is checked for which response types it returns with the
+# route error_format="auto" (default) to determine which format to use.
 RESPONSE_MAPPING = {
-    "empty": "html",
     "json": "json",
     "text": "text",
-    "raw": "text",
     "html": "html",
-    "file": "html",
+    "JSONResponse": "json",
-    "file_stream": "text",
-    "stream": "text",
-    "redirect": "html",
     "text/plain": "text",
     "text/html": "html",
     "application/json": "json",
@@ -421,7 +303,7 @@ RESPONSE_MAPPING = {
 
 
 def check_error_format(format):
-    if format not in RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG and format != "auto":
+    if format not in MIME_BY_CONFIG and format != "auto":
         raise SanicException(f"Unknown format: {format}")
 
 
@@ -436,98 +318,68 @@ def exception_response(
     """
     Render a response for the default FALLBACK exception handler.
     """
-    content_type = None
-
     if not renderer:
-        # Make sure we have something set
+        mt = guess_mime(request, fallback)
-        renderer = base
+        renderer = RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.get(mt, base)
-        render_format = fallback
-
-        if request:
-            # If there is a request, try and get the format
-            # from the route
-            if request.route:
-                try:
-                    if request.route.extra.error_format:
-                        render_format = request.route.extra.error_format
-                except AttributeError:
-                    ...
-
-            content_type = request.headers.getone("content-type", "").split(
-                ";"
-            )[0]
-
-            acceptable = request.accept
-
-            # If the format is auto still, make a guess
-            if render_format == "auto":
-                # First, if there is an Accept header, check if text/html
-                # is the first option
-                # According to MDN Web Docs, all major browsers use text/html
-                # as the primary value in Accept (with the exception of IE 8,
-                # and, well, if you are supporting IE 8, then you have bigger
-                # problems to concern yourself with than what default exception
-                # renderer is used)
-                # Source:
-                # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content_negotiation/List_of_default_Accept_values
-
-                if acceptable and acceptable[0].match(
-                    "text/html",
-                    allow_type_wildcard=False,
-                    allow_subtype_wildcard=False,
-                ):
-                    renderer = HTMLRenderer
-
-                # Second, if there is an Accept header, check if
-                # application/json is an option, or if the content-type
-                # is application/json
-                elif (
-                    acceptable
-                    and acceptable.match(
-                        "application/json",
-                        allow_type_wildcard=False,
-                        allow_subtype_wildcard=False,
-                    )
-                    or content_type == "application/json"
-                ):
-                    renderer = JSONRenderer
-
-                # Third, if there is no Accept header, assume we want text.
-                # The likely use case here is a raw socket.
-                elif not acceptable:
-                    renderer = TextRenderer
-                else:
-                    # Fourth, look to see if there was a JSON body
-                    # When in this situation, the request is probably coming
-                    # from curl, an API client like Postman or Insomnia, or a
-                    # package like requests or httpx
-                    try:
-                        # Give them the benefit of the doubt if they did:
-                        # $ curl localhost:8000 -d '{"foo": "bar"}'
-                        # And provide them with JSONRenderer
-                        renderer = JSONRenderer if request.json else base
-                    except BadRequest:
-                        renderer = base
-            else:
-                renderer = RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG.get(render_format, renderer)
-
-            # Lastly, if there is an Accept header, make sure
-            # our choice is okay
-            if acceptable:
-                type_ = CONTENT_TYPE_BY_RENDERERS.get(renderer)  # type: ignore
-                if type_ and type_ not in acceptable:
-                    # If the renderer selected is not in the Accept header
-                    # look through what is in the Accept header, and select
-                    # the first option that matches. Otherwise, just drop back
-                    # to the original default
-                    for accept in acceptable:
-                        mtype = f"{accept.type_}/{accept.subtype}"
-                        maybe = RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.get(mtype)
-                        if maybe:
-                            renderer = maybe
-                            break
-                    else:
-                        renderer = base
 
     renderer = t.cast(t.Type[BaseRenderer], renderer)
     return renderer(request, exception, debug).render()
+
+
+def guess_mime(req: Request, fallback: str) -> str:
+    # Attempt to find a suitable MIME format for the response.
+    # Insertion-ordered map of formats["html"] = "source of that suggestion"
+    formats = {}
+    name = ""
+    # Route error_format (by magic from handler code if auto, the default)
+    if req.route:
+        name = req.route.name
+        f = req.route.extra.error_format
+        if f in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+            formats[f] = name
+
+    if not formats and fallback in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+        formats[fallback] = "FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT"
+
+    # If still not known, check for the request for clues of JSON
+    if not formats and fallback == "auto" and req.accept.match(JSON):
+        if JSON in req.accept:  # Literally, not wildcard
+            formats["json"] = "request.accept"
+        elif JSON in req.headers.getone("content-type", ""):
+            formats["json"] = "content-type"
+        # DEPRECATION: Remove this block in 24.3
+        else:
+            c = None
+            try:
+                c = req.json
+            except BadRequest:
+                pass
+            if c:
+                formats["json"] = "request.json"
+                deprecation(
+                    "Response type was determined by the JSON content of "
+                    "the request. This behavior is deprecated and will be "
+                    "removed in v24.3. Please specify the format either by\n"
+                    f'  error_format="json" on route {name}, by\n'
+                    '  FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "json", or by adding header\n'
+                    "  accept: application/json to your requests.",
+                    24.3,
+                )
+
+    # Any other supported formats
+    if fallback == "auto":
+        for k in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+            if k not in formats:
+                formats[k] = "any"
+
+    mimes = [MIME_BY_CONFIG[k] for k in formats]
+    m = req.accept.match(*mimes)
+    if m:
+        format = CONFIG_BY_MIME[m.mime]
+        source = formats[format]
+        logger.debug(
+            f"The client accepts {m.header}, using '{format}' from {source}"
+        )
+    else:
+        logger.debug(f"No format found, the client accepts {req.accept!r}")
+    return m.mime

sanic/handlers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from .content_range import ContentRangeHandler
+from .directory import DirectoryHandler
+from .error import ErrorHandler
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ContentRangeHandler",
+    "DirectoryHandler",
+    "ErrorHandler",
+)

sanic/handlers/content_range.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    HeaderNotFound,
+    InvalidRangeType,
+    RangeNotSatisfiable,
+)
+
+
+class ContentRangeHandler:
+    """
+    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
+    extract the content range information.
+
+    :param request: Incoming api request
+    :param stats: Stats related to the content
+
+    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
+    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
+
+    :ivar start: Content Range start
+    :ivar end: Content Range end
+    :ivar size: Length of the content
+    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
+        instance
+    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
+
+    def __init__(self, request, stats):
+        self.total = stats.st_size
+        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
+        if _range is None:
+            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
+        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
+        if unit != "bytes":
+            raise InvalidRangeType(
+                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
+            )
+        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
+        try:
+            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
+            )
+        try:
+            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
+            )
+        if self.end is None:
+            if self.start is None:
+                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+                )
+            else:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        else:
+            if self.start is None:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
+                self.start = self.total - self.end
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        if self.start >= self.end:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+            )
+        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
+        self.headers = {
+            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
+            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
+        }
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return self.size > 0

sanic/handlers/directory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from operator import itemgetter
+from pathlib import Path
+from stat import S_ISDIR
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+
+from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
+from sanic.pages.directory_page import DirectoryPage, FileInfo
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import file, html, redirect
+
+
+class DirectoryHandler:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        directory: Path,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(index, str):
+            index = [index]
+        elif index is None:
+            index = []
+        self.base = uri.strip("/")
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.directory_view = directory_view
+        self.index = tuple(index)
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request, path: str):
+        current = path.strip("/")[len(self.base) :].strip("/")  # noqa: E203
+        for file_name in self.index:
+            index_file = self.directory / current / file_name
+            if index_file.is_file():
+                return await file(index_file)
+
+        if self.directory_view:
+            return self._index(
+                self.directory / current, path, request.app.debug
+            )
+
+        if self.index:
+            raise NotFound("File not found")
+
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"{self.directory.as_posix()} is a directory")
+
+    def _index(self, location: Path, path: str, debug: bool):
+        # Remove empty path elements, append slash
+        if "//" in path or not path.endswith("/"):
+            return redirect(
+                "/" + "".join([f"{p}/" for p in path.split("/") if p])
+            )
+
+        # Render file browser
+        page = DirectoryPage(self._iter_files(location), path, debug)
+        return html(page.render())
+
+    def _prepare_file(self, path: Path) -> Dict[str, Union[int, str]]:
+        stat = path.stat()
+        modified = (
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime)
+            .isoformat()[:19]
+            .replace("T", " ")
+        )
+        is_dir = S_ISDIR(stat.st_mode)
+        icon = "📁" if is_dir else "📄"
+        file_name = path.name
+        if is_dir:
+            file_name += "/"
+        return {
+            "priority": is_dir * -1,
+            "file_name": file_name,
+            "icon": icon,
+            "file_access": modified,
+            "file_size": stat.st_size,
+        }
+
+    def _iter_files(self, location: Path) -> Iterable[FileInfo]:
+        prepared = [self._prepare_file(f) for f in location.iterdir()]
+        for item in sorted(prepared, key=itemgetter("priority", "file_name")):
+            del item["priority"]
+            yield cast(FileInfo, item)

sanic/handlers/error.py

@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
 from sanic.errorpages import BaseRenderer, TextRenderer, exception_response
-from sanic.exceptions import (
-    HeaderNotFound,
-    InvalidRangeType,
-    RangeNotSatisfiable,
-)
 from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
 from sanic.response import text
@@ -23,7 +18,6 @@ class ErrorHandler:
     by the developers to perform a wide range of tasks from recording the error
     stats to reporting them to an external service that can be used for
     realtime alerting system.
-
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -196,74 +190,3 @@ class ErrorHandler:
             error_logger.exception(
                 "Exception occurred while handling uri: %s", url
             )
-
-
-class ContentRangeHandler:
-    """
-    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
-    extract the content range information.
-
-    :param request: Incoming api request
-    :param stats: Stats related to the content
-
-    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
-    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
-
-    :ivar start: Content Range start
-    :ivar end: Content Range end
-    :ivar size: Length of the content
-    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
-        instance
-    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
-
-    def __init__(self, request, stats):
-        self.total = stats.st_size
-        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
-        if _range is None:
-            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
-        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
-        if unit != "bytes":
-            raise InvalidRangeType(
-                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
-            )
-        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
-        try:
-            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
-            )
-        try:
-            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
-            )
-        if self.end is None:
-            if self.start is None:
-                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-                )
-            else:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        else:
-            if self.start is None:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
-                self.start = self.total - self.end
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        if self.start >= self.end:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-            )
-        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
-        self.headers = {
-            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
-            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
-        }
-
-    def __bool__(self):
-        return self.size > 0

sanic/headers.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ OptionsIterable = Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]  # May contain duplicate keys
 
 _token, _quoted = r"([\w!#$%&'*+\-.^_`|~]+)", r'"([^"]*)"'
 _param = re.compile(rf";\s*{_token}=(?:{_token}|{_quoted})", re.ASCII)
-_firefox_quote_escape = re.compile(r'\\"(?!; |\s*$)')
 _ipv6 = "(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}"
 _ipv6_re = re.compile(_ipv6)
 _host_re = re.compile(
@@ -33,143 +32,96 @@ _host_re = re.compile(
 # For more information, consult ../tests/test_requests.py
 
 
-def parse_arg_as_accept(f):
+class MediaType:
-    def func(self, other, *args, **kwargs):
+    """A media type, as used in the Accept header."""
-        if not isinstance(other, Accept) and other:
-            other = Accept.parse(other)
-        return f(self, other, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    return func
-
-
-class MediaType(str):
-    def __new__(cls, value: str):
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
-
-    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
-        self.value = value
-        self.is_wildcard = self.check_if_wildcard(value)
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if self.is_wildcard:
-            return True
-
-        if self.match(other):
-            return True
-
-        other_is_wildcard = (
-            other.is_wildcard
-            if isinstance(other, MediaType)
-            else self.check_if_wildcard(other)
-        )
-
-        return other_is_wildcard
-
-    def match(self, other):
-        other_value = other.value if isinstance(other, MediaType) else other
-        return self.value == other_value
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def check_if_wildcard(value):
-        return value == "*"
-
-
-class Accept(str):
-    def __new__(cls, value: str, *args, **kwargs):
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        value: str,
+        type_: str,
-        type_: MediaType,
+        subtype: str,
-        subtype: MediaType,
+        **params: str,
-        *,
-        q: str = "1.0",
-        **kwargs: str,
     ):
-        qvalue = float(q)
+        self.type = type_
-        if qvalue > 1 or qvalue < 0:
-            raise InvalidHeader(
-                f"Accept header qvalue must be between 0 and 1, not: {qvalue}"
-            )
-        self.value = value
-        self.type_ = type_
         self.subtype = subtype
-        self.qvalue = qvalue
+        self.q = float(params.get("q", "1.0"))
-        self.params = kwargs
+        self.params = params
+        self.mime = f"{type_}/{subtype}"
+        self.key = (
+            -1 * self.q,
+            -1 * len(self.params),
+            self.subtype == "*",
+            self.type == "*",
+        )
 
-    def _compare(self, other, method):
+    def __repr__(self):
-        try:
+        return self.mime + "".join(f";{k}={v}" for k, v in self.params.items())
-            return method(self.qvalue, other.qvalue)
-        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
-            return NotImplemented
 
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
+    def __eq__(self, other):
-    def __lt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
+        """Check for mime (str or MediaType) identical type/subtype.
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o)
+        Parameters such as q are not considered."""
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            # Give a friendly reminder if str contains parameters
+            if ";" in other:
+                raise ValueError("Use match() to compare with parameters")
+            return self.mime == other
+        if isinstance(other, MediaType):
+            # Ignore parameters silently with MediaType objects
+            return self.mime == other.mime
+        return NotImplemented
 
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __le__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __eq__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ge__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __gt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ne__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
     def match(
         self,
-        other,
+        mime_with_params: Union[str, MediaType],
-        *,
+    ) -> Optional[MediaType]:
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
+        """Check if this media type matches the given mime type/subtype.
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
+        Wildcards are supported both ways on both type and subtype.
-    ) -> bool:
+        If mime contains a semicolon, optionally followed by parameters,
-        type_match = (
+        the parameters of the two media types must match exactly.
-            self.type_ == other.type_
+        Note:  Use the `==` operator instead to check for literal matches
-            if allow_type_wildcard
+        without expanding wildcards.
-            else (
+        @param media_type: A type/subtype string to match.
-                self.type_.match(other.type_)
+        @return `self` if the media types are compatible, else `None`
-                and not self.type_.is_wildcard
+        """
-                and not other.type_.is_wildcard
+        mt = (
-            )
+            MediaType._parse(mime_with_params)
+            if isinstance(mime_with_params, str)
+            else mime_with_params
         )
-        subtype_match = (
+        return (
-            self.subtype == other.subtype
+            self
-            if allow_subtype_wildcard
+            if (
-            else (
+                mt
-                self.subtype.match(other.subtype)
+                # All parameters given in the other media type must match
-                and not self.subtype.is_wildcard
+                and all(self.params.get(k) == v for k, v in mt.params.items())
-                and not other.subtype.is_wildcard
+                # Subtype match
+                and (
+                    self.subtype == mt.subtype
+                    or self.subtype == "*"
+                    or mt.subtype == "*"
+                )
+                # Type match
+                and (
+                    self.type == mt.type or self.type == "*" or mt.type == "*"
+                )
             )
+            else None
         )
 
-        return type_match and subtype_match
+    @property
+    def has_wildcard(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if this media type has a wildcard in it."""
+        return any(part == "*" for part in (self.subtype, self.type))
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, raw: str) -> Accept:
+    def _parse(cls, mime_with_params: str) -> Optional[MediaType]:
-        invalid = False
+        mtype = mime_with_params.strip()
-        mtype = raw.strip()
+        if "/" not in mime_with_params:
+            return None
 
-        try:
+        mime, *raw_params = mtype.split(";")
-            media, *raw_params = mtype.split(";")
+        type_, subtype = mime.split("/", 1)
-            type_, subtype = media.split("/")
+        if not type_ or not subtype:
-        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid media type: {mtype}")
-            invalid = True
-
-        if invalid or not type_ or not subtype:
-            raise InvalidHeader(f"Header contains invalid Accept value: {raw}")
 
         params = dict(
             [
@@ -178,46 +130,160 @@ class Accept(str):
             ]
         )
 
-        return cls(mtype, MediaType(type_), MediaType(subtype), **params)
+        return cls(type_.lstrip(), subtype.rstrip(), **params)
 
 
-class AcceptContainer(list):
+class Matched:
-    def __contains__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+    """A matching result of a MIME string against a header."""
-        return any(item.match(o) for item in self)
 
-    def match(
+    def __init__(self, mime: str, header: Optional[MediaType]):
-        self,
+        self.mime = mime
-        o: object,
+        self.header = header
-        *,
+
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
+    def __repr__(self):
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
+        return f"<{self} matched {self.header}>" if self else "<no match>"
-    ) -> bool:
+
-        return any(
+    def __str__(self):
-            item.match(
+        return self.mime
-                o,
+
-                allow_type_wildcard=allow_type_wildcard,
+    def __bool__(self):
-                allow_subtype_wildcard=allow_subtype_wildcard,
+        return self.header is not None
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        try:
+            comp, other_accept = self._compare(other)
+        except TypeError:
+            return False
+
+        return bool(
+            comp
+            and (
+                (self.header and other_accept.header)
+                or (not self.header and not other_accept.header)
             )
-            for item in self
         )
 
+    def _compare(self, other) -> Tuple[bool, Matched]:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            parsed = Matched.parse(other)
+            if self.mime == other:
+                return True, parsed
+            other = parsed
+
+        if isinstance(other, Matched):
+            return self.header == other.header, other
+
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Comparison not supported between unequal "
+            f"mime types of '{self.mime}' and '{other}'"
+        )
+
+    def match(self, other: Union[str, Matched]) -> Optional[Matched]:
+        accept = Matched.parse(other) if isinstance(other, str) else other
+        if not self.header or not accept.header:
+            return None
+        if self.header.match(accept.header):
+            return accept
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, raw: str) -> Matched:
+        media_type = MediaType._parse(raw)
+        return cls(raw, media_type)
+
+
+class AcceptList(list):
+    """A list of media types, as used in the Accept header.
+
+    The Accept header entries are listed in order of preference, starting
+    with the most preferred. This class is a list of `MediaType` objects,
+    that encapsulate also the q value or any other parameters.
+
+    Two separate methods are provided for searching the list:
+    - 'match' for finding the most preferred match (wildcards supported)
+    -  operator 'in' for checking explicit matches (wildcards as literals)
+    """
+
+    def match(self, *mimes: str, accept_wildcards=True) -> Matched:
+        """Find a media type accepted by the client.
+
+        This method can be used to find which of the media types requested by
+        the client is most preferred against the ones given as arguments.
+
+        The ordering of preference is set by:
+        1. The order set by RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2, giving a higher priority
+            to q values and more specific type definitions,
+        2. The order of the arguments (first is most preferred), and
+        3. The first matching entry on the Accept header.
+
+        Wildcards are matched both ways. A match is usually found, as the
+        Accept headers typically include `*/*`, in particular if the header
+        is missing, is not manually set, or if the client is a browser.
+
+        Note: the returned object behaves as a string of the mime argument
+        that matched, and is empty/falsy if no match was found. The matched
+        header entry `MediaType` or `None` is available as the `m` attribute.
+
+        @param mimes: Any MIME types to search for in order of preference.
+        @param accept_wildcards: Match Accept entries with wildcards in them.
+        @return A match object with the mime string and the MediaType object.
+        """
+        a = sorted(
+            (-acc.q, i, j, mime, acc)
+            for j, acc in enumerate(self)
+            if accept_wildcards or not acc.has_wildcard
+            for i, mime in enumerate(mimes)
+            if acc.match(mime)
+        )
+        return Matched(*(a[0][-2:] if a else ("", None)))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Format as Accept header value (parsed, not original)."""
+        return ", ".join(str(m) for m in self)
+
+
+def parse_accept(accept: Optional[str]) -> AcceptList:
+    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
+    according to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
+    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
+    """
+    if not accept:
+        if accept == "":
+            return AcceptList()  # Empty header, accept nothing
+        accept = "*/*"  # No header means that all types are accepted
+    try:
+        a = [
+            mt
+            for mt in [MediaType._parse(mtype) for mtype in accept.split(",")]
+            if mt
+        ]
+        if not a:
+            raise ValueError
+        return AcceptList(sorted(a, key=lambda x: x.key))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidHeader(f"Invalid header value in Accept: {accept}")
+
 
 def parse_content_header(value: str) -> Tuple[str, Options]:
     """Parse content-type and content-disposition header values.
 
-    E.g. 'form-data; name=upload; filename=\"file.txt\"' to
+    E.g. `form-data; name=upload; filename="file.txt"` to
     ('form-data', {'name': 'upload', 'filename': 'file.txt'})
 
     Mostly identical to cgi.parse_header and werkzeug.parse_options_header
-    but runs faster and handles special characters better. Unescapes quotes.
+    but runs faster and handles special characters better.
+
+    Unescapes %22 to `"` and %0D%0A to `\n` in field values.
     """
-    value = _firefox_quote_escape.sub("%22", value)
     pos = value.find(";")
     if pos == -1:
         options: Dict[str, Union[int, str]] = {}
     else:
         options = {
-            m.group(1).lower(): m.group(2) or m.group(3).replace("%22", '"')
+            m.group(1)
+            .lower(): (m.group(2) or m.group(3))
+            .replace("%22", '"')
+            .replace("%0D%0A", "\n")
             for m in _param.finditer(value[pos:])
         }
         value = value[:pos]
@@ -368,34 +434,6 @@ def format_http1_response(status: int, headers: HeaderBytesIterable) -> bytes:
     return ret
 
 
-def _sort_accept_value(accept: Accept):
-    return (
-        accept.qvalue,
-        len(accept.params),
-        accept.subtype != "*",
-        accept.type_ != "*",
-    )
-
-
-def parse_accept(accept: str) -> AcceptContainer:
-    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
-    accorsing to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
-    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
-    """
-    media_types = accept.split(",")
-    accept_list: List[Accept] = []
-
-    for mtype in media_types:
-        if not mtype:
-            continue
-
-        accept_list.append(Accept.parse(mtype))
-
-    return AcceptContainer(
-        sorted(accept_list, key=_sort_accept_value, reverse=True)
-    )
-
-
 def parse_credentials(
     header: Optional[str],
     prefixes: Union[List, Tuple, Set] = None,

sanic/http/tls/creators.py

@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ class CertCreator(ABC):
         local_tls_key,
         local_tls_cert,
     ) -> CertCreator:
-
         creator: Optional[CertCreator] = None
 
         cert_creator_options: Tuple[

sanic/mixins/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+
+
+class BaseMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    name: str
+    strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
+
+    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
+        name = None
+
+        for obj in objects:
+            if obj:
+                if isinstance(obj, str):
+                    name = obj
+                    break
+
+                try:
+                    name = obj.name
+                except AttributeError:
+                    try:
+                        name = obj.__name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        if not name:  # noqa
+            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
+
+        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
+            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
+
+        return name

sanic/mixins/routes.py

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 from ast import NodeVisitor, Return, parse
 from contextlib import suppress
-from email.utils import formatdate
-from functools import partial, wraps
 from inspect import getsource, signature
-from mimetypes import guess_type
-from os import path
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from textwrap import dedent
 from typing import (
     Any,
@@ -19,20 +14,15 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
     cast,
 )
-from urllib.parse import unquote
 
 from sanic_routing.route import Route
 
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
-from sanic.compat import stat_async
+from sanic.constants import HTTP_METHODS
-from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE, HTTP_METHODS
 from sanic.errorpages import RESPONSE_MAPPING
-from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
-from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
-from sanic.log import error_logger
 from sanic.models.futures import FutureRoute, FutureStatic
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream, validate_file
 from sanic.types import HashableDict
 
 
@@ -41,20 +31,14 @@ RouteWrapper = Callable[
 ]
 
 
-class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+class RouteMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
-    name: str
-
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
         self._future_routes: Set[FutureRoute] = set()
         self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
-        self.strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = False
 
     def _apply_route(self, route: FutureRoute) -> List[Route]:
         raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
 
-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
-
     def route(
         self,
         uri: str,
@@ -688,324 +672,6 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
             **ctx_kwargs,
         )(handler)
 
-    def static(
-        self,
-        uri: str,
-        file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath],
-        pattern: str = r"/?.+",
-        use_modified_since: bool = True,
-        use_content_range: bool = False,
-        stream_large_files: bool = False,
-        name: str = "static",
-        host: Optional[str] = None,
-        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
-        content_type: Optional[bool] = None,
-        apply: bool = True,
-        resource_type: Optional[str] = None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
-        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
-        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
-
-        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
-        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
-            static files
-        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-            and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
-            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
-            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
-            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
-            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
-        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
-            URLs need to terminate with a */*
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: routes registered on the router
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        name = self._generate_name(name)
-
-        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
-            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
-
-        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
-            )
-
-        static = FutureStatic(
-            uri,
-            file_or_directory,
-            pattern,
-            use_modified_since,
-            use_content_range,
-            stream_large_files,
-            name,
-            host,
-            strict_slashes,
-            content_type,
-            resource_type,
-        )
-        self._future_statics.add(static)
-
-        if apply:
-            self._apply_static(static)
-
-    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
-        name = None
-
-        for obj in objects:
-            if obj:
-                if isinstance(obj, str):
-                    name = obj
-                    break
-
-                try:
-                    name = obj.name
-                except AttributeError:
-                    try:
-                        name = obj.__name__
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        continue
-                else:
-                    break
-
-        if not name:  # noqa
-            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
-
-        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
-            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
-
-        return name
-
-    async def _get_file_path(self, file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found):
-        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
-        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-
-        if __file_uri__:
-            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
-            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
-            # absolute path
-            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
-            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
-            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-            if (
-                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
-            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-
-        try:
-            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
-        except ValueError:
-            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-        return file_path
-
-    async def _static_request_handler(
-        self,
-        file_or_directory,
-        use_modified_since,
-        use_content_range,
-        stream_large_files,
-        request,
-        content_type=None,
-        __file_uri__=None,
-    ):
-        not_found = FileNotFound(
-            "File not found",
-            path=file_or_directory,
-            relative_url=__file_uri__,
-        )
-
-        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
-        file_path = await self._get_file_path(
-            file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found
-        )
-
-        try:
-            headers = {}
-            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
-            # and it has not been modified since
-            stats = None
-            if use_modified_since:
-                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                modified_since = stats.st_mtime
-                response = await validate_file(request.headers, modified_since)
-                if response:
-                    return response
-                headers["Last-Modified"] = formatdate(
-                    modified_since, usegmt=True
-                )
-            _range = None
-            if use_content_range:
-                _range = None
-                if not stats:
-                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
-                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
-                if request.method != "HEAD":
-                    try:
-                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
-                    except HeaderNotFound:
-                        pass
-                    else:
-                        del headers["Content-Length"]
-                        headers.update(_range.headers)
-
-            if "content-type" not in headers:
-                content_type = (
-                    content_type
-                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
-                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
-                )
-
-                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
-                    content_type.startswith("text/")
-                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
-                ):
-                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
-
-                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
-
-            if request.method == "HEAD":
-                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
-            else:
-                if stream_large_files:
-                    if type(stream_large_files) == int:
-                        threshold = stream_large_files
-                    else:
-                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
-
-                    if not stats:
-                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
-                        return await file_stream(
-                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
-                        )
-                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
-        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
-            raise
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            raise not_found
-        except Exception:
-            error_logger.exception(
-                f"Exception in static request handler: "
-                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
-                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-            )
-            raise
-
-    def _register_static(
-        self,
-        static: FutureStatic,
-    ):
-        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
-        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
-        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
-        """
-        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
-        router and registering a handler.
-
-        :param app: Sanic
-        :param file_or_directory: File or directory path to serve from
-        :type file_or_directory: Union[str,bytes,Path]
-        :param uri: URL to serve from
-        :type uri: str
-        :param pattern: regular expression used to match files in the URL
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-                                not modified if the browser's matches the
-                                server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-                                and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the file_stream() handler
-                                rather than the file() handler to send the file
-                                If this is an integer, this represents the
-                                threshold size to switch to file_stream()
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :type name: str
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: registered static routes
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
-        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
-            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
-        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
-        else:
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
-
-        uri = static.uri
-        name = static.name
-        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
-        # serve from the folder
-        if not static.resource_type:
-            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                uri = uri.rstrip("/")
-                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
-            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
-                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-                )
-            uri = uri.rstrip("/")
-            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
-            file_or_directory
-        ):
-            raise TypeError(
-                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
-                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-            )
-        elif static.resource_type != "file":
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
-            )
-
-        # special prefix for static files
-        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
-        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
-
-        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
-            partial(
-                self._static_request_handler,
-                file_or_directory,
-                static.use_modified_since,
-                static.use_content_range,
-                static.stream_large_files,
-                content_type=static.content_type,
-            )
-        )
-
-        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
-            uri=uri,
-            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
-            name=name,
-            host=static.host,
-            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
-            static=True,
-        )(_handler)
-
-        return route
-
     def _determine_error_format(self, handler) -> str:
         with suppress(OSError, TypeError):
             src = dedent(getsource(handler))

sanic/mixins/startup.py

@@ -877,7 +877,10 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
 
             sync_manager.shutdown()
             for sock in socks:
-                sock.shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)
+                try:
+                    sock.shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)
+                except OSError:
+                    ...
                 sock.close()
             socks = []
             trigger_events(main_stop, loop, primary)
@@ -1109,7 +1112,6 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
         app: StartupMixin,
         server_info: ApplicationServerInfo,
     ) -> None:  # no cov
-
         try:
             # We should never get to this point without a server
             # This is primarily to keep mypy happy

sanic/mixins/static.py

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from email.utils import formatdate
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from mimetypes import guess_type
+from os import PathLike, path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from typing import Optional, Sequence, Set, Union, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from sanic_routing.route import Route
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+from sanic.compat import stat_async
+from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
+from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
+from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
+from sanic.models.futures import FutureStatic
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream, validate_file
+
+
+class StaticMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
+
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
+
+    def static(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        file_or_directory: Union[PathLike, str, bytes],
+        pattern: str = r"/?.+",
+        use_modified_since: bool = True,
+        use_content_range: bool = False,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int] = False,
+        name: str = "static",
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        apply: bool = True,
+        resource_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        directory_handler: Optional[DirectoryHandler] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
+        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
+        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
+
+        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
+        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
+            static files
+        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
+        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
+            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
+        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
+            and sends the file part that is requested
+        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
+            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
+            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
+            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
+            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
+        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
+        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
+        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
+            URLs need to terminate with a */*
+        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
+        :param apply: If true, will register the route immediately
+        :param resource_type: Explicitly declare a resource to be a "
+            file" or a "dir"
+        :param index: When exposing against a directory, index is the name that
+            will be served as the default file. When multiple files names are
+            passed, then they will be tried in order.
+        :param directory_view: Whether to fallback to showing the directory
+            viewer when exposing a directory
+        :param directory_handler: An instance of :class:`DirectoryHandler`
+            that can be used for explicitly controlling and subclassing the
+            behavior of the default directory handler
+        :return: routes registered on the router
+        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
+        """
+
+        name = self._generate_name(name)
+
+        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
+            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
+
+        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(file_or_directory, bytes):
+            deprecation(
+                "Serving a static directory with a bytes string is "
+                "deprecated and will be removed in v22.9.",
+                22.9,
+            )
+            file_or_directory = cast(str, file_or_directory.decode())
+        file_or_directory = Path(file_or_directory)
+
+        if directory_handler and (directory_view or index):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When explicitly setting directory_handler, you cannot "
+                "set either directory_view or index. Instead, pass "
+                "these arguments to your DirectoryHandler instance."
+            )
+
+        if not directory_handler:
+            directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(
+                uri=uri,
+                directory=file_or_directory,
+                directory_view=directory_view,
+                index=index,
+            )
+
+        static = FutureStatic(
+            uri,
+            file_or_directory,
+            pattern,
+            use_modified_since,
+            use_content_range,
+            stream_large_files,
+            name,
+            host,
+            strict_slashes,
+            content_type,
+            resource_type,
+            directory_handler,
+        )
+        self._future_statics.add(static)
+
+        if apply:
+            self._apply_static(static)
+
+
+class StaticHandleMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        return self._register_static(static)
+
+    def _register_static(
+        self,
+        static: FutureStatic,
+    ):
+        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
+        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
+        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
+        """
+        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
+        router and registering a handler.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
+            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
+        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
+        else:
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
+
+        uri = static.uri
+        name = static.name
+        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
+        # serve from the folder
+        if not static.resource_type:
+            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
+            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
+                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+                )
+            uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
+            file_or_directory
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
+                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+            )
+        elif static.resource_type != "file":
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
+            )
+
+        # special prefix for static files
+        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
+        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
+
+        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
+            partial(
+                self._static_request_handler,
+                file_or_directory=file_or_directory,
+                use_modified_since=static.use_modified_since,
+                use_content_range=static.use_content_range,
+                stream_large_files=static.stream_large_files,
+                content_type=static.content_type,
+                directory_handler=static.directory_handler,
+            )
+        )
+
+        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
+            uri=uri,
+            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
+            name=name,
+            host=static.host,
+            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
+            static=True,
+        )(_handler)
+
+        return route
+
+    async def _static_request_handler(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        file_or_directory: PathLike,
+        use_modified_since: bool,
+        use_content_range: bool,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int],
+        directory_handler: DirectoryHandler,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        __file_uri__: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        not_found = FileNotFound(
+            "File not found",
+            path=file_or_directory,
+            relative_url=__file_uri__,
+        )
+
+        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
+        file_path = await self._get_file_path(
+            file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found
+        )
+
+        try:
+            headers = {}
+            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
+            # and it has not been modified since
+            stats = None
+            if use_modified_since:
+                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                modified_since = stats.st_mtime
+                response = await validate_file(request.headers, modified_since)
+                if response:
+                    return response
+                headers["Last-Modified"] = formatdate(
+                    modified_since, usegmt=True
+                )
+            _range = None
+            if use_content_range:
+                _range = None
+                if not stats:
+                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
+                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
+                if request.method != "HEAD":
+                    try:
+                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
+                    except HeaderNotFound:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        del headers["Content-Length"]
+                        headers.update(_range.headers)
+
+            if "content-type" not in headers:
+                content_type = (
+                    content_type
+                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
+                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+                )
+
+                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
+                    content_type.startswith("text/")
+                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
+                ):
+                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
+
+                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+            if request.method == "HEAD":
+                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
+            else:
+                if stream_large_files:
+                    if isinstance(stream_large_files, bool):
+                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
+                    else:
+                        threshold = stream_large_files
+
+                    if not stats:
+                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
+                        return await file_stream(
+                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
+                        )
+                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
+        except (IsADirectoryError, PermissionError):
+            return await directory_handler.handle(request, request.path)
+        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
+            raise
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise not_found
+        except Exception:
+            error_logger.exception(
+                "Exception in static request handler: "
+                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
+                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+            )
+            raise
+
+    async def _get_file_path(self, file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found):
+        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
+        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+
+        if __file_uri__:
+            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
+            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
+            # absolute path
+            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
+            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
+            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+            if (
+                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
+            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+
+        try:
+            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
+        except ValueError:
+            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+        return file_path

sanic/models/futures.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from pathlib import PurePath
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union
 
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
 from sanic.models.handler_types import (
     ErrorMiddlewareType,
     ListenerType,
@@ -46,16 +47,17 @@ class FutureException(NamedTuple):
 
 class FutureStatic(NamedTuple):
     uri: str
-    file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath]
+    file_or_directory: Path
     pattern: str
     use_modified_since: bool
     use_content_range: bool
-    stream_large_files: bool
+    stream_large_files: Union[bool, int]
     name: str
     host: Optional[str]
     strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
-    content_type: Optional[bool]
+    content_type: Optional[str]
     resource_type: Optional[str]
+    directory_handler: DirectoryHandler
 
 
 class FutureSignal(NamedTuple):

sanic/pages/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+from html5tagger import HTML, Builder, Document
+
+from sanic import __version__ as VERSION
+from sanic.application.logo import SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE
+from sanic.pages.css import CSS
+
+
+class BasePage(ABC, metaclass=CSS):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Sanic"
+    HEADING = None
+    CSS: str
+    doc: Builder
+
+    def __init__(self, debug: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    @property
+    def style(self) -> str:
+        return self.CSS
+
+    def render(self) -> str:
+        self.doc = Document(self.TITLE, lang="en", id="sanic")
+        self._head()
+        self._body()
+        self._foot()
+        return str(self.doc)
+
+    def _head(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.style(HTML(self.style))
+        with self.doc.header:
+            self.doc.div(self.HEADING or self.TITLE)
+
+    def _foot(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.footer:
+            self.doc.div("powered by")
+            with self.doc.div:
+                self._sanic_logo()
+            if self.debug:
+                self.doc.div(f"Version {VERSION}")
+                with self.doc.div:
+                    for idx, (title, href) in enumerate(
+                        (
+                            ("Docs", "https://sanic.dev"),
+                            ("Help", "https://sanic.dev/en/help.html"),
+                            ("GitHub", "https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic"),
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        if idx > 0:
+                            self.doc(" | ")
+                        self.doc.a(
+                            title,
+                            href=href,
+                            target="_blank",
+                            referrerpolicy="no-referrer",
+                        )
+                self.doc.div("DEBUG mode")
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def _sanic_logo(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.a(
+            HTML(SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE),
+            href="https://sanic.dev",
+            target="_blank",
+            referrerpolicy="no-referrer",
+        )

sanic/pages/css.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+CURRENT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def _extract_style(maybe_style: Optional[str], name: str) -> str:
+    if maybe_style is not None:
+        maybe_path = Path(maybe_style)
+        if maybe_path.exists():
+            return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+        return maybe_style
+    maybe_path = CURRENT_DIR / "styles" / f"{name}.css"
+    if maybe_path.exists():
+        return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+    return ""
+
+
+class CSS(ABCMeta):
+    """Cascade stylesheets, i.e. combine all ancestor styles"""
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+        Page = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
+        # Use a locally defined STYLE or the one from styles directory
+        Page.STYLE = _extract_style(attrs.get("STYLE_FILE"), name)
+        Page.STYLE += attrs.get("STYLE_APPEND", "")
+        # Combine with all ancestor styles
+        Page.CSS = "".join(
+            Class.STYLE
+            for Class in reversed(Page.__mro__)
+            if type(Class) is CSS
+        )
+        return Page

sanic/pages/directory_page.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import sys
+
+from typing import Dict, Iterable
+
+from html5tagger import E
+
+from .base import BasePage
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    FileInfo = Dict
+
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class FileInfo(TypedDict):
+        icon: str
+        file_name: str
+        file_access: str
+        file_size: str
+
+
+class DirectoryPage(BasePage):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Directory Viewer"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, files: Iterable[FileInfo], url: str, debug: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(debug)
+        self.files = files
+        self.url = url
+
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.main:
+            self._headline()
+            files = list(self.files)
+            if files:
+                self._file_table(files)
+            else:
+                self.doc.p("The folder is empty.")
+
+    def _headline(self):
+        """Implement a heading with the current path, combined with
+        breadcrumb links"""
+        with self.doc.h1(id="breadcrumbs"):
+            p = self.url.split("/")[:-1]
+
+            for i, part in enumerate(p):
+                path = "/".join(p[: i + 1]) + "/"
+                with self.doc.a(href=path):
+                    self.doc.span(part, class_="dir").span("/", class_="sep")
+
+    def _file_table(self, files: Iterable[FileInfo]):
+        with self.doc.table(class_="autoindex container"):
+            for f in files:
+                self._file_row(**f)
+
+    def _file_row(
+        self,
+        icon: str,
+        file_name: str,
+        file_access: str,
+        file_size: str,
+    ):
+        first = E.span(icon, class_="icon").a(file_name, href=file_name)
+        self.doc.tr.td(first).td(file_size).td(file_access)

sanic/pages/error.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+from typing import Any, Mapping
+
+import tracerite.html
+
+from html5tagger import E
+from tracerite import html_traceback, inspector
+
+from sanic.request import Request
+
+from .base import BasePage
+
+
+# Avoid showing the request in the traceback variable inspectors
+inspector.blacklist_types += (Request,)
+
+ENDUSER_TEXT = """\
+We're sorry, but it looks like something went wrong. Please try refreshing \
+the page or navigating back to the homepage. If the issue persists, our \
+technical team is working to resolve it as soon as possible. We apologize \
+for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience.\
+"""
+
+
+class ErrorPage(BasePage):
+    STYLE_APPEND = tracerite.html.style
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        debug: bool,
+        title: str,
+        text: str,
+        request: Request,
+        exc: Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(debug)
+        name = request.app.name.replace("_", " ").strip()
+        if name.islower():
+            name = name.title()
+        self.TITLE = f"Application {name} cannot handle your request"
+        self.HEADING = E("Application ").strong(name)(
+            " cannot handle your request"
+        )
+        self.title = title
+        self.text = text
+        self.request = request
+        self.exc = exc
+        self.details_open = not getattr(exc, "quiet", False)
+
+    def _head(self) -> None:
+        self.doc._script(tracerite.html.javascript)
+        super()._head()
+
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        debug = self.request.app.debug
+        route_name = self.request.name or "[route not found]"
+        with self.doc.main:
+            self.doc.h1(f"⚠️ {self.title}").p(self.text)
+            # Show context details if available on the exception
+            context = getattr(self.exc, "context", None)
+            if context:
+                self._key_value_table(
+                    "Issue context", "exception-context", context
+                )
+
+            if not debug:
+                with self.doc.div(id="enduser"):
+                    self.doc.p(ENDUSER_TEXT).p.a("Front Page", href="/")
+                return
+            # Show additional details in debug mode,
+            # open by default for 500 errors
+            with self.doc.details(open=self.details_open, class_="smalltext"):
+                # Show extra details if available on the exception
+                extra = getattr(self.exc, "extra", None)
+                if extra:
+                    self._key_value_table(
+                        "Issue extra data", "exception-extra", extra
+                    )
+
+                self.doc.summary(
+                    "Details for developers (Sanic debug mode only)"
+                )
+                if self.exc:
+                    with self.doc.div(class_="exception-wrapper"):
+                        self.doc.h2(f"Exception in {route_name}:")
+                        self.doc(
+                            html_traceback(self.exc, include_js_css=False)
+                        )
+
+                self._key_value_table(
+                    f"{self.request.method} {self.request.path}",
+                    "request-headers",
+                    self.request.headers,
+                )
+
+    def _key_value_table(
+        self, title: str, table_id: str, data: Mapping[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        with self.doc.div(class_="key-value-display"):
+            self.doc.h2(title)
+            with self.doc.dl(id=table_id, class_="key-value-table smalltext"):
+                for key, value in data.items():
+                    # Reading values may cause a new exception, so suppress it
+                    try:
+                        value = str(value)
+                    except Exception:
+                        value = E.em("Unable to display value")
+                    self.doc.dt.span(key, class_="nobr key").span(": ").dd(
+                        value
+                    )

sanic/pages/styles/BasePage.css

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/** BasePage **/
+
+:root {
+    --sanic: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-yellow: #FFE900;
+    --sanic-background: #efeced;
+    --sanic-text: #121010;
+    --sanic-text-lighter: #756169;
+    --sanic-link: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-block-background: #f7f4f6;
+    --sanic-block-text: #000;
+    --sanic-block-alt-text: #6b6468;
+    --sanic-header-background: #272325;
+    --sanic-header-border: #fff;
+    --sanic-header-text: #fff;
+    --sanic-highlight-background: var(--sanic-yellow);
+    --sanic-highlight-text: var(--sanic-text);
+    --sanic-tab-background: #f7f4f6;
+    --sanic-tab-shadow: #f7f6f6;
+    --sanic-tab-text: #222021;
+    --sanic-tracerite-var: var(--sanic-text);
+    --sanic-tracerite-val: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-tracerite-type: #6d6a6b;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    :root {
+        --sanic-text: #f7f4f6;
+        --sanic-background: #121010;
+        --sanic-block-background: #0f0d0e;
+        --sanic-block-text: #f7f4f6;
+        --sanic-header-background: #030203;
+        --sanic-header-border: #000;
+        --sanic-highlight-text: var(--sanic-background);
+        --sanic-tab-background: #292728;
+        --sanic-tab-shadow: #0f0d0e;
+        --sanic-tab-text: #aea7ab;
+    }
+}
+
+html {
+    font: 16px sans-serif;
+    background: var(--sanic-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-text);
+    scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+    overflow: hidden auto;
+}
+
+body {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+    line-height: 125%;
+}
+
+body>* {
+    padding: 1rem 2vw;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1000px) {
+    body>* {
+        padding: 0.5rem 1.5vw;
+    }
+
+    html {
+        /* Scale everything by rem of 6px-16px by viewport width */
+        font-size: calc(6px + 10 * 100vw / 1000);
+    }
+}
+
+main {
+    /* Make sure the footer is closer to bottom */
+    min-height: 70vh;
+    /* Generous padding for readability */
+    padding: 1rem 2.5rem;
+}
+
+.smalltext {
+    font-size: 1.0rem;
+}
+
+.container {
+    min-width: 600px;
+    max-width: 1600px;
+}
+
+header {
+    background: var(--sanic-header-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-header-text);
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sanic-header-border);
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+footer {
+    text-align: center;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    margin: 2rem;
+    line-height: 1.5em;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: var(--sanic-link);
+}
+
+a:hover,
+a:focus {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+    outline: none;
+}
+
+
+span.icon {
+    margin-right: 1rem;
+}
+
+#logo-simple {
+    height: 1.75rem;
+    padding: 0 0.25rem;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    #logo-simple path:last-child {
+        fill: #e1e1e1;
+    }
+}
+
+#sanic pre,
+#sanic code {
+    font-family: "Fira Code",
+        "Source Code Pro",
+        Menlo,
+        Meslo,
+        Monaco,
+        Consolas,
+        Lucida Console,
+        monospace;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+}

sanic/pages/styles/DirectoryPage.css

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/** DirectoryPage **/
+#breadcrumbs>a:hover {
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir {
+    padding: 0 0.25em;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child:hover::before,
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child::before {
+    content: "🏠";
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:last-child {
+    color: #ff0d68;
+}
+
+main a {
+    color: inherit;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table.autoindex {
+    width: 100%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr {
+    display: flex;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr:hover {
+    background-color: #ddd;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td {
+    margin: 0 0.5rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:first-child {
+    flex: 1;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:nth-child(2) {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:last-child {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    table.autoindex tr:hover {
+        background-color: #222;
+    }
+}

sanic/pages/styles/ErrorPage.css

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/** ErrorPage **/
+#enduser {
+    max-width: 30em;
+    margin: 5em auto 5em auto;
+    text-align: justify;
+    /*text-justify: both;*/
+}
+
+#enduser a {
+    color: var(--sanic-blue);
+}
+
+#enduser p:last-child {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+summary {
+    margin-top: 3em;
+    color: var(--sanic-text-lighter);
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.tracerite {
+    --tracerite-var: var(--sanic-tracerite-var);
+    --tracerite-val: var(--sanic-tracerite-val);
+    --tracerite-type: var(--sanic-tracerite-type);
+    --tracerite-exception: var(--sanic);
+    --tracerite-highlight: var(--sanic-yellow);
+    --tracerite-tab: var(--sanic-tab-background);
+    --tracerite-tab-text: var(--sanic-tab-text);
+}
+
+.tracerite>h3 {
+    margin: 0.5rem 0 !important;
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .traceback-labels button {
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    line-height: 120%;
+    background: var(--tracerite-tab);
+    color: var(--tracerite-tab-text);
+    transition: 0.3s;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.tracerite .traceback-labels {
+    padding-top: 5px;
+}
+
+.tracerite .traceback-labels button:hover {
+    filter: contrast(150%) brightness(120%) drop-shadow(0 -0 2px var(--sanic-tab-shadow));
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .tracerite-tooltip::before {
+    bottom: 1.75em;
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .traceback-details mark span {
+    background: var(--sanic-highlight-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-highlight-text);
+}
+
+header {
+    background: var(--sanic-header-background);
+}
+
+h2 {
+    font-size: 1.3rem;
+    color: var(--sanic-text);
+}
+
+.key-value-display,
+.exception-wrapper {
+    padding: 0.5rem;
+    margin-top: 1rem;
+}
+
+.key-value-display {
+    background-color: var(--sanic-block-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-block-text);
+}
+
+.key-value-display h2 {
+    margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table {
+    width: 100%;
+    margin: 0;
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr 5fr;
+    grid-gap: .3em;
+    white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table * {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table dt {
+    color: var(--sanic-block-alt-text);
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table dd {
+    /* Better breaking for cookies header and such */
+    word-break: break-all;
+}

sanic/router.py

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
                 extra={"host": host} if host else None,
             )
         except RoutingNotFound as e:
-            raise NotFound("Requested URL {} not found".format(e.path))
+            raise NotFound(f"Requested URL {e.path} not found") from None
         except NoMethod as e:
             raise MethodNotAllowed(
-                "Method {} not allowed for URL {}".format(method, path),
+                f"Method {method} not allowed for URL {path}",
                 method=method,
                 allowed_methods=e.allowed_methods,
-            )
+            ) from None
 
     @lru_cache(maxsize=ROUTER_CACHE_SIZE)
     def get(  # type: ignore
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
             correct response
         :rtype: Tuple[ Route, RouteHandler, Dict[str, Any]]
         """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
         return self._get(path, method, host)
 
     def add(  # type: ignore

sanic/server/legacy.py

@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ def watchdog(sleep_interval, reload_dirs):
 
     try:
         while True:
-
             changed = set()
             for filename in itertools.chain(
                 _iter_module_files(),

sanic/server/websockets/connection.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class WebSocketConnection:
 
         await self._send(message)
 
-    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[Union[str, bytes]]:
         message = await self._receive()
 
         if message["type"] == "websocket.receive":
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class WebSocketConnection:
                 return message["text"]
             except KeyError:
                 try:
-                    return message["bytes"].decode()
+                    return message["bytes"]
                 except KeyError:
                     raise InvalidUsage("Bad ASGI message received")
         elif message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":

sanic/server/websockets/frame.py

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ class WebsocketFrameAssembler:
         paused: bool
 
     def __init__(self, protocol) -> None:
-
         self.protocol = protocol
 
         self.read_mutex = asyncio.Lock()

sanic/server/websockets/impl.py

@@ -686,7 +686,6 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
         :raises TypeError: for unsupported inputs
         """
         async with self.conn_mutex:
-
             if self.ws_proto.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
                 raise WebsocketClosed(
                     "Cannot write to websocket interface after it is closed."

sanic/simple.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from sanic import Sanic
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
-from sanic.response import redirect
 
 
 def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
@@ -12,10 +11,8 @@ def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
         )
 
     app = Sanic("SimpleServer")
-    app.static("/", directory, name="main")
+    app.static(
-
+        "/", directory, name="main", directory_view=True, index="index.html"
-    @app.get("/")
+    )
-    def index(_):
-        return redirect(app.url_for("main", filename="index.html"))
 
     return app

sanic/touchup/meta.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class TouchUpMeta(SanicMeta):
         methods = attrs.get("__touchup__")
         attrs["__touched__"] = False
         if methods:
-
             for method in methods:
                 if method not in attrs:
                     raise SanicException(

sanic/utils.py

@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ def load_module_from_file_location(
         location = location.decode(encoding)
 
     if isinstance(location, Path) or "/" in location or "$" in location:
-
         if not isinstance(location, Path):
             # A) Check if location contains any environment variables
             #    in format ${some_env_var}.

setup.cfg

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 [flake8]
 ignore = E203, W503
+per-file-ignores =
+    sanic/app.py:E402

setup.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ def open_local(paths, mode="r", encoding="utf8"):
 
     return codecs.open(path, mode, encoding)
 
+
 def str_to_bool(val: str) -> bool:
     val = val.lower()
     if val in {
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ def str_to_bool(val: str) -> bool:
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"Invalid truth value {val}")
 
+
 with open_local(["sanic", "__version__.py"], encoding="latin1") as fp:
     try:
         version = re.findall(
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ setup_kwargs = {
     ),
     "long_description": long_description,
     "packages": find_packages(exclude=("tests", "tests.*")),
-    "package_data": {"sanic": ["py.typed"]},
+    "package_data": {"sanic": ["py.typed", "pages/styles/*"]},
     "platforms": "any",
     "python_requires": ">=3.7",
     "classifiers": [
@@ -109,6 +111,8 @@ requirements = [
     "aiofiles>=0.6.0",
     "websockets>=10.0",
     "multidict>=5.0,<7.0",
+    "html5tagger>=1.2.1",
+    "tracerite>=1.0.0",
 ]
 
 tests_require = [

tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
+import inspect
 import logging
+import os
 import random
 import re
 import string
@@ -58,7 +60,6 @@ CACHE: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
 
 class RouteStringGenerator:
-
     ROUTE_COUNT_PER_DEPTH = 100
     HTTP_METHODS = HTTP_METHODS
     ROUTE_PARAM_TYPES = ["str", "int", "float", "alpha", "uuid"]
@@ -232,3 +233,12 @@ def urlopen():
     urlopen.read = Mock()
     with patch("sanic.cli.inspector_client.urlopen", urlopen):
         yield urlopen
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def static_file_directory():
+    """The static directory to serve"""
+    current_file = inspect.getfile(inspect.currentframe())
+    current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(current_file))
+    static_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, "static")
+    return static_directory

tests/test_app.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ def test_app_loop_running(app: Sanic):
     assert response.text == "pass"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_asyncio_server(app: Sanic):
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
     asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(return_asyncio_server=True)
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ def test_create_asyncio_server(app: Sanic):
     assert srv.is_serving() is True
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_asyncio_server_no_start_serving(app: Sanic):
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
     asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ def test_asyncio_server_no_start_serving(app: Sanic):
     assert srv.is_serving() is False
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_asyncio_server_start_serving(app: Sanic):
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
     asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ def test_asyncio_server_start_serving(app: Sanic):
     # Looks like we can't easily test `serve_forever()`
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_main(app: Sanic, caplog):
     app.listener("main_process_start")(lambda *_: ...)
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ def test_create_server_main(app: Sanic, caplog):
     ) in caplog.record_tuples
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_no_startup(app: Sanic):
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
     asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -101,6 +106,7 @@ def test_create_server_no_startup(app: Sanic):
         loop.run_until_complete(srv.start_serving())
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_main_convenience(app: Sanic, caplog):
     app.main_process_start(lambda *_: ...)
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
@@ -126,7 +132,6 @@ def test_app_loop_not_running(app: Sanic):
 
 
 def test_app_run_raise_type_error(app: Sanic):
-
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
         app.run(loop="loop")
 
@@ -139,7 +144,6 @@ def test_app_run_raise_type_error(app: Sanic):
 
 
 def test_app_route_raise_value_error(app: Sanic):
-
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
 
         @app.route("/test")
@@ -221,7 +225,6 @@ def test_app_websocket_parameters(websocket_protocol_mock, app: Sanic):
 
 
 def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
-
     err_msg = "Mock Exception"
 
     def mock_error_handler_response(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -241,7 +244,6 @@ def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
 
 
 def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception_debug(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
-
     err_msg = "Mock Exception"
 
     def mock_error_handler_response(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -470,6 +472,7 @@ def test_uvloop_config(app: Sanic, monkeypatch, use):
         try_use_uvloop.assert_not_called()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_uvloop_cannot_never_called_with_create_server(caplog, monkeypatch):
     apps = (Sanic("default-uvloop"), Sanic("no-uvloop"), Sanic("yes-uvloop"))
 
@@ -506,6 +509,7 @@ def test_uvloop_cannot_never_called_with_create_server(caplog, monkeypatch):
     assert counter[(logging.WARNING, message)] == modified
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_multiple_uvloop_configs_display_warning(caplog):
     Sanic._uvloop_setting = None  # Reset the setting (changed in prev tests)
 

tests/test_asgi.py

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ async def test_websocket_send(send, receive, message_stack):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_websocket_receive(send, receive, message_stack):
+async def test_websocket_text_receive(send, receive, message_stack):
     msg = {"text": "hello", "type": "websocket.receive"}
     message_stack.append(msg)
 
@@ -352,6 +352,17 @@ async def test_websocket_receive(send, receive, message_stack):
     assert text == msg["text"]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_websocket_bytes_receive(send, receive, message_stack):
+    msg = {"bytes": b"hello", "type": "websocket.receive"}
+    message_stack.append(msg)
+
+    ws = WebSocketConnection(send, receive)
+    data = await ws.receive()
+
+    assert data == msg["bytes"]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_websocket_accept_with_no_subprotocols(
     send, receive, message_stack

tests/test_cookies.py

@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ def test_cookie_set_unknown_property():
 
 
 def test_cookie_set_same_key(app):
-
     cookies = {"test": "wait"}
 
     @app.get("/")

tests/test_errorpages.py

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+import logging
+
 import pytest
 
 from sanic import Sanic
 from sanic.config import Config
-from sanic.errorpages import HTMLRenderer, exception_response
+from sanic.errorpages import TextRenderer, exception_response, guess_mime
 from sanic.exceptions import NotFound, SanicException
 from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
 from sanic.request import Request
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, html, json, text
+from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, empty, html, json, text
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -17,6 +19,44 @@ def app():
     def err(request):
         raise Exception("something went wrong")
 
+    @app.get("/forced_json/<fail>", error_format="json")
+    def manual_fail(request, fail):
+        if fail == "fail":
+            raise Exception
+        return html("")  # Should be ignored
+
+    @app.get("/empty/<fail>")
+    def empty_fail(request, fail):
+        if fail == "fail":
+            raise Exception
+        return empty()
+
+    @app.get("/json/<fail>")
+    def json_fail(request, fail):
+        if fail == "fail":
+            raise Exception
+        # After 23.3 route format should become json, older versions think it
+        # is mixed due to empty mapping to html, and don't find any format.
+        return json({"foo": "bar"}) if fail == "json" else empty()
+
+    @app.get("/html/<fail>")
+    def html_fail(request, fail):
+        if fail == "fail":
+            raise Exception
+        return html("<h1>foo</h1>")
+
+    @app.get("/text/<fail>")
+    def text_fail(request, fail):
+        if fail == "fail":
+            raise Exception
+        return text("foo")
+
+    @app.get("/mixed/<param>")
+    def mixed_fail(request, param):
+        if param not in ("json", "html"):
+            raise Exception
+        return json({}) if param == "json" else html("")
+
     return app
 
 
@@ -28,14 +68,14 @@ def fake_request(app):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "fallback,content_type, exception, status",
     (
-        (None, "text/html; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
+        (None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
         ("html", "text/html; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
-        ("auto", "text/html; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
+        ("auto", "text/plain; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
         ("text", "text/plain; charset=utf-8", Exception, 500),
         ("json", "application/json", Exception, 500),
-        (None, "text/html; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
+        (None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
         ("html", "text/html; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
-        ("auto", "text/html; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
+        ("auto", "text/plain; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
         ("text", "text/plain; charset=utf-8", NotFound, 404),
         ("json", "application/json", NotFound, 404),
     ),
@@ -43,6 +83,10 @@ def fake_request(app):
 def test_should_return_html_valid_setting(
     fake_request, fallback, content_type, exception, status
 ):
+    # Note: if fallback is None or "auto", prior to PR #2668 base was returned
+    # and after that a text response is given because it matches */*. Changed
+    # base to TextRenderer in this test, like it is in Sanic itself, so the
+    # test passes with either version but still covers everything that it did.
     if fallback:
         fake_request.app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = fallback
 
@@ -53,7 +97,7 @@ def test_should_return_html_valid_setting(
             fake_request,
             e,
             True,
-            base=HTMLRenderer,
+            base=TextRenderer,
             fallback=fake_request.app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT,
         )
 
@@ -259,15 +303,16 @@ def test_fallback_with_content_type_mismatch_accept(app):
     "accept,content_type,expected",
     (
         (None, None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-        ("foo/bar", None, "text/html; charset=utf-8"),
+        ("foo/bar", None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
         ("application/json", None, "application/json"),
         ("application/json,text/plain", None, "application/json"),
         ("text/plain,application/json", None, "application/json"),
         ("text/plain,foo/bar", None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-        # Following test is valid after v22.3
+        ("text/plain,text/html", None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-        # ("text/plain,text/html", None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+        ("*/*", "foo/bar", "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-        ("*/*", "foo/bar", "text/html; charset=utf-8"),
         ("*/*", "application/json", "application/json"),
+        # App wants text/plain but accept has equal entries for it
+        ("text/*,*/plain", None, "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
     ),
 )
 def test_combinations_for_auto(fake_request, accept, content_type, expected):
@@ -286,7 +331,7 @@ def test_combinations_for_auto(fake_request, accept, content_type, expected):
             fake_request,
             e,
             True,
-            base=HTMLRenderer,
+            base=TextRenderer,
             fallback="auto",
         )
 
@@ -376,3 +421,109 @@ def test_config_fallback_bad_value(app):
     message = "Unknown format: fake"
     with pytest.raises(SanicException, match=message):
         app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "fake"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "route_format,fallback,accept,expected",
+    (
+        (
+            "json",
+            "html",
+            "*/*",
+            "The client accepts */*, using 'json' from fakeroute",
+        ),
+        (
+            "json",
+            "auto",
+            "text/html,*/*;q=0.8",
+            "The client accepts text/html, using 'html' from any",
+        ),
+        (
+            "json",
+            "json",
+            "text/html,*/*;q=0.8",
+            "The client accepts */*;q=0.8, using 'json' from fakeroute",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "html",
+            "text/*,*/plain",
+            "The client accepts text/*, using 'html' from FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "json",
+            "text/*,*/*",
+            "The client accepts */*, using 'json' from FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "auto",
+            "*/*,application/json;q=0.5",
+            "The client accepts */*, using 'json' from request.accept",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "auto",
+            "*/*",
+            "The client accepts */*, using 'json' from content-type",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "auto",
+            "text/html,text/plain",
+            "The client accepts text/plain, using 'text' from any",
+        ),
+        (
+            "",
+            "auto",
+            "text/html,text/plain;q=0.9",
+            "The client accepts text/html, using 'html' from any",
+        ),
+        (
+            "html",
+            "json",
+            "application/xml",
+            "No format found, the client accepts [application/xml]",
+        ),
+        ("", "auto", "*/*", "The client accepts */*, using 'text' from any"),
+        ("", "", "*/*", "No format found, the client accepts [*/*]"),
+        # DEPRECATED: remove in 24.3
+        (
+            "",
+            "auto",
+            "*/*",
+            "The client accepts */*, using 'json' from request.json",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_guess_mime_logging(
+    caplog, fake_request, route_format, fallback, accept, expected
+):
+    class FakeObject:
+        pass
+
+    fake_request.route = FakeObject()
+    fake_request.route.name = "fakeroute"
+    fake_request.route.extra = FakeObject()
+    fake_request.route.extra.error_format = route_format
+    if accept is None:
+        del fake_request.headers["accept"]
+    else:
+        fake_request.headers["accept"] = accept
+
+    if "content-type" in expected:
+        fake_request.headers["content-type"] = "application/json"
+
+    # Fake JSON content (DEPRECATED: remove in 24.3)
+    if "request.json" in expected:
+        fake_request.parsed_json = {"foo": "bar"}
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="sanic.root"):
+        guess_mime(fake_request, fallback)
+
+    (logmsg,) = [
+        r.message for r in caplog.records if r.funcName == "guess_mime"
+    ]
+
+    assert logmsg == expected

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ from sanic.exceptions import (
 from sanic.response import text
 
 
-def dl_to_dict(soup, css_class):
+def dl_to_dict(soup, dl_id):
     keys, values = [], []
-    for dl in soup.find_all("dl", {"class": css_class}):
+    for dl in soup.find_all("dl", {"id": dl_id}):
         for dt in dl.find_all("dt"):
-            keys.append(dt.text.strip())
+            keys.append(dt.text.split(":", 1)[0])
         for dd in dl.find_all("dd"):
             values.append(dd.text.strip())
     return dict(zip(keys, values))
@@ -194,10 +194,7 @@ def test_handled_unhandled_exception(exception_app):
     assert "Internal Server Error" in soup.h1.text
 
     message = " ".join(soup.p.text.split())
-    assert message == (
+    assert "The application encountered an unexpected error" in message
-        "The server encountered an internal error and "
-        "cannot complete your request."
-    )
 
 
 def test_exception_in_exception_handler(exception_app):
@@ -299,7 +296,7 @@ def test_contextual_exception_context(debug):
 
     _, response = app.test_client.post("/coffee/html", debug=debug)
     soup = BeautifulSoup(response.body, "html.parser")
-    dl = dl_to_dict(soup, "context")
+    dl = dl_to_dict(soup, "exception-context")
     assert response.status == 418
     assert "Sorry, I cannot brew coffee" in soup.find("p").text
     assert dl == {"foo": "bar"}
@@ -340,7 +337,7 @@ def test_contextual_exception_extra(debug):
 
     _, response = app.test_client.post("/coffee/html", debug=debug)
     soup = BeautifulSoup(response.body, "html.parser")
-    dl = dl_to_dict(soup, "extra")
+    dl = dl_to_dict(soup, "exception-extra")
     assert response.status == 418
     assert "Found bar" in soup.find("p").text
     if debug:

tests/test_exceptions_handler.py

@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ def exception_handler_app():
 
     @exception_handler_app.route("/8", error_format="html")
     def handler_8(request):
-
         raise ErrorWithRequestCtx("OK")
 
     @exception_handler_app.exception(ErrorWithRequestCtx, NotFound)
@@ -124,10 +123,10 @@ def test_html_traceback_output_in_debug_mode(exception_handler_app: Sanic):
     assert "handler_4" in html
     assert "foo = bar" in html
 
-    summary_text = " ".join(soup.select(".summary")[0].text.split())
+    summary_text = soup.select("h3")[0].text
-    assert (
+    assert "NameError: name 'bar' is not defined" == summary_text
-        "NameError: name 'bar' is not defined while handling path /4"
+    request_text = soup.select("h2")[-1].text
-    ) == summary_text
+    assert "GET /4" == request_text
 
 
 def test_inherited_exception_handler(exception_handler_app: Sanic):
@@ -147,11 +146,10 @@ def test_chained_exception_handler(exception_handler_app: Sanic):
     assert "handler_6" in html
     assert "foo = 1 / arg" in html
     assert "ValueError" in html
+    assert "GET /6" in html
 
-    summary_text = " ".join(soup.select(".summary")[0].text.split())
+    summary_text = soup.select("h3")[0].text
-    assert (
+    assert "ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" == summary_text
-        "ZeroDivisionError: division by zero while handling path /6/0"
-    ) == summary_text
 
 
 def test_exception_handler_lookup(exception_handler_app: Sanic):
@@ -214,7 +212,7 @@ def test_error_handler_noisy_log(
     exception_handler_app: Sanic, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
 ):
     err_logger = Mock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(handlers, "error_logger", err_logger)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(handlers.error, "error_logger", err_logger)
 
     exception_handler_app.config["NOISY_EXCEPTIONS"] = False
     exception_handler_app.test_client.get("/1")

tests/test_headers.py

@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
 
-from sanic import headers, text
+from sanic import Sanic, headers, json, text
 from sanic.exceptions import InvalidHeader, PayloadTooLarge
 from sanic.http import Http
 from sanic.request import Request
 
 
+def make_request(headers) -> Request:
+    return Request(b"/", headers, "1.1", "GET", None, None)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def raised_ceiling():
     Http.HEADER_CEILING = 32_768
@@ -45,29 +49,17 @@ def raised_ceiling():
             ("attachment", {"filename": "strange;name", "size": "123"}),
         ),
         (
-            'form-data; name="files"; filename="fo\\"o;bar\\"',
+            'form-data; name="foo"; value="%22\\%0D%0A"',
-            ("form-data", {"name": "files", "filename": 'fo"o;bar\\'})
+            ("form-data", {"name": "foo", "value": '"\\\n'}),
-            # cgi.parse_header:
-            # ('form-data', {'name': 'files', 'filename': 'fo"o;bar\\'})
-            # werkzeug.parse_options_header:
-            # ('form-data', {'name': 'files', 'filename': '"fo\\"o', 'bar\\"': None})
         ),
         # <input type=file name="foo&quot;;bar\"> with Unicode filename!
         (
-            # Chrome:
+            # Chrome, Firefox:
             # Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo%22;bar\"; filename="😀"
             'form-data; name="foo%22;bar\\"; filename="😀"',
             ("form-data", {"name": 'foo";bar\\', "filename": "😀"})
             # cgi: ('form-data', {'name': 'foo%22;bar"; filename="😀'})
-            # werkzeug: ('form-data', {'name': 'foo%22;bar"; filename='})
+            # werkzeug (pre 2.3.0): ('form-data', {'name': 'foo%22;bar"; filename='})
-        ),
-        (
-            # Firefox:
-            # Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo\";bar\"; filename="😀"
-            'form-data; name="foo\\";bar\\"; filename="😀"',
-            ("form-data", {"name": 'foo";bar\\', "filename": "😀"})
-            # cgi: ('form-data', {'name': 'foo";bar"; filename="😀'})
-            # werkzeug: ('form-data', {'name': 'foo";bar"; filename='})
         ),
     ],
 )
@@ -187,27 +179,24 @@ def test_request_line(app):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "raw",
+    "raw,expected_subtype",
     (
-        "show/first, show/second",
+        ("show/first, show/second", "first"),
-        "show/*, show/first",
+        ("show/*, show/first", "first"),
-        "*/*, show/first",
+        ("*/*, show/first", "first"),
-        "*/*, show/*",
+        ("*/*, show/*", "*"),
-        "other/*; q=0.1, show/*; q=0.2",
+        ("other/*; q=0.1, show/*; q=0.2", "*"),
-        "show/first; q=0.5, show/second; q=0.5",
+        ("show/first; q=0.5, show/second; q=0.5", "first"),
-        "show/first; foo=bar, show/second; foo=bar",
+        ("show/first; foo=bar, show/second; foo=bar", "first"),
-        "show/second, show/first; foo=bar",
+        ("show/second, show/first; foo=bar", "first"),
-        "show/second; q=0.5, show/first; foo=bar; q=0.5",
+        ("show/second; q=0.5, show/first; foo=bar; q=0.5", "first"),
-        "show/second; q=0.5, show/first; q=1.0",
+        ("show/second; q=0.5, show/first; q=1.0", "first"),
-        "show/first, show/second; q=1.0",
+        ("show/first, show/second; q=1.0", "second"),
     ),
 )
-def test_parse_accept_ordered_okay(raw):
+def test_parse_accept_ordered_okay(raw, expected_subtype):
     ordered = headers.parse_accept(raw)
-    expected_subtype = (
+    assert ordered[0].type == "show"
-        "*" if all(q.subtype.is_wildcard for q in ordered) else "first"
-    )
-    assert ordered[0].type_ == "show"
     assert ordered[0].subtype == expected_subtype
 
 
@@ -217,6 +206,7 @@ def test_parse_accept_ordered_okay(raw):
         "missing",
         "missing/",
         "/missing",
+        "/",
     ),
 )
 def test_bad_accept(raw):
@@ -225,128 +215,83 @@ def test_bad_accept(raw):
 
 
 def test_empty_accept():
-    assert headers.parse_accept("") == []
+    a = headers.parse_accept("")
+    assert a == []
+    assert not a.match("*/*")
 
 
 def test_wildcard_accept_set_ok():
     accept = headers.parse_accept("*/*")[0]
-    assert accept.type_.is_wildcard
+    assert accept.type == "*"
-    assert accept.subtype.is_wildcard
+    assert accept.subtype == "*"
+    assert accept.has_wildcard
+
+    accept = headers.parse_accept("foo/*")[0]
+    assert accept.type == "foo"
+    assert accept.subtype == "*"
+    assert accept.has_wildcard
 
     accept = headers.parse_accept("foo/bar")[0]
-    assert not accept.type_.is_wildcard
+    assert accept.type == "foo"
-    assert not accept.subtype.is_wildcard
+    assert accept.subtype == "bar"
+    assert not accept.has_wildcard
 
 
 def test_accept_parsed_against_str():
-    accept = headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar")
+    accept = headers.Matched.parse("foo/bar")
-    assert accept > "foo/bar; q=0.1"
+    assert accept == "foo/bar; q=0.1"
-
-
-def test_media_type_equality():
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo") == headers.MediaType("foo") == "foo"
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo") == headers.MediaType("*") == "*"
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo") != headers.MediaType("bar")
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo") != "bar"
 
 
 def test_media_type_matching():
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo").match(headers.MediaType("foo"))
+    assert headers.MediaType("foo", "bar").match(
-    assert headers.MediaType("foo").match("foo")
+        headers.MediaType("foo", "bar")
-
+    )
-    assert not headers.MediaType("foo").match(headers.MediaType("*"))
+    assert headers.MediaType("foo", "bar").match("foo/bar")
-    assert not headers.MediaType("foo").match("*")
-
-    assert not headers.MediaType("foo").match(headers.MediaType("bar"))
-    assert not headers.MediaType("foo").match("bar")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "value,other,outcome,allow_type,allow_subtype",
+    "value,other,outcome",
     (
         # ALLOW BOTH
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/bar", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", "foo/bar", True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", headers.Matched.parse("foo/bar"), True),
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/*", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", "foo/*", True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", headers.Matched.parse("foo/*"), True),
-        ("foo/bar", "*/*", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", "*/*", True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/bar", headers.Matched.parse("*/*"), True),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/bar", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", "foo/bar", True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", headers.Matched.parse("foo/bar"), True),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/*", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", "foo/*", True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", headers.Matched.parse("foo/*"), True),
-        ("foo/*", "*/*", True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", "*/*", True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("foo/*", headers.Matched.parse("*/*"), True),
-        ("*/*", "foo/bar", True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", "foo/bar", True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", headers.Matched.parse("foo/bar"), True),
-        ("*/*", "foo/*", True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", "foo/*", True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", headers.Matched.parse("foo/*"), True),
-        ("*/*", "*/*", True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", "*/*", True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), True, True, True),
+        ("*/*", headers.Matched.parse("*/*"), True),
-        # ALLOW TYPE
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/bar", True, True, False),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, True, False),
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/*", False, True, False),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), False, True, False),
-        ("foo/bar", "*/*", False, True, False),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/bar", False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/*", False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", "*/*", False, True, False),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", "foo/bar", False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", "foo/*", False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", "*/*", False, True, False),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, True, False),
-        # ALLOW SUBTYPE
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/bar", True, False, True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, False, True),
-        ("foo/bar", "foo/*", True, False, True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), True, False, True),
-        ("foo/bar", "*/*", False, False, True),
-        ("foo/bar", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/bar", True, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), True, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", "foo/*", True, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), True, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", "*/*", False, False, True),
-        ("foo/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", "foo/bar", False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/bar"), False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", "foo/*", False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("foo/*"), False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", "*/*", False, False, True),
-        ("*/*", headers.Accept.parse("*/*"), False, False, True),
     ),
 )
-def test_accept_matching(value, other, outcome, allow_type, allow_subtype):
+def test_accept_matching(value, other, outcome):
-    assert (
+    assert bool(headers.Matched.parse(value).match(other)) is outcome
-        headers.Accept.parse(value).match(
-            other,
-            allow_type_wildcard=allow_type,
-            allow_subtype_wildcard=allow_subtype,
-        )
-        is outcome
-    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ("foo/bar", "foo/*", "*/*"))
 def test_value_in_accept(value):
     acceptable = headers.parse_accept(value)
-    assert "foo/bar" in acceptable
+    assert acceptable.match("foo/bar")
-    assert "foo/*" in acceptable
+    assert acceptable.match("foo/*")
-    assert "*/*" in acceptable
+    assert acceptable.match("*/*")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ("foo/bar", "foo/*"))
 def test_value_not_in_accept(value):
     acceptable = headers.parse_accept(value)
-    assert "no/match" not in acceptable
+    assert not acceptable.match("no/match")
-    assert "no/*" not in acceptable
+    assert not acceptable.match("no/*")
+    assert "*/*" not in acceptable
+    assert "*/bar" not in acceptable
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -365,6 +310,160 @@ def test_value_not_in_accept(value):
         ),
     ),
 )
-def test_browser_headers(header, expected):
+def test_browser_headers_general(header, expected):
     request = Request(b"/", {"accept": header}, "1.1", "GET", None, None)
-    assert request.accept == expected
+    assert [str(item) for item in request.accept] == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "header,expected",
+    (
+        (
+            "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",  # noqa: E501
+            [
+                ("text/html", 1.0),
+                ("application/xhtml+xml", 1.0),
+                ("image/avif", 1.0),
+                ("image/webp", 1.0),
+                ("application/xml", 0.9),
+                ("*/*", 0.8),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_browser_headers_specific(header, expected):
+    mimes = [e[0] for e in expected]
+    qs = [e[1] for e in expected]
+    request = Request(b"/", {"accept": header}, "1.1", "GET", None, None)
+    assert request.accept == mimes
+    for a, m, q in zip(request.accept, mimes, qs):
+        assert a == m
+        assert a.mime == m
+        assert a.q == q
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "raw",
+    (
+        "text/html, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8",
+        "application/xml;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8, text/html, application/xhtml+xml",
+        (
+            "foo/bar;q=0.9, */*;q=0.8, text/html=0.8, "
+            "text/plain, application/xhtml+xml"
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_accept_ordering(raw):
+    """Should sort by q but also be stable."""
+    accept = headers.parse_accept(raw)
+    assert accept[0].type == "text"
+    raw1 = ", ".join(str(a) for a in accept)
+    accept = headers.parse_accept(raw1)
+    raw2 = ", ".join(str(a) for a in accept)
+    assert raw1 == raw2
+
+
+def test_not_accept_wildcard():
+    accept = headers.parse_accept("*/*, foo/*, */bar, foo/bar;q=0.1")
+    assert not accept.match(
+        "text/html", "foo/foo", "bar/bar", accept_wildcards=False
+    )
+    # Should ignore wildcards in accept but still matches them from mimes
+    m = accept.match("text/plain", "*/*", accept_wildcards=False)
+    assert m.mime == "*/*"
+    assert m.match("*/*")
+    assert m.header == "foo/bar"
+    assert not accept.match(
+        "text/html", "foo/foo", "bar/bar", accept_wildcards=False
+    )
+
+
+def test_accept_misc():
+    header = (
+        "foo/bar;q=0.0, */plain;param=123, text/plain, text/*, foo/bar;q=0.5"
+    )
+    a = headers.parse_accept(header)
+    assert repr(a) == (
+        "[*/plain;param=123, text/plain, text/*, "
+        "foo/bar;q=0.5, foo/bar;q=0.0]"
+    )  # noqa: E501
+    assert str(a) == (
+        "*/plain;param=123, text/plain, text/*, "
+        "foo/bar;q=0.5, foo/bar;q=0.0"
+    )  # noqa: E501
+    # q=1 types don't match foo/bar but match the two others,
+    # text/* comes first and matches */plain because it
+    # comes first in the header
+    m = a.match("foo/bar", "text/*", "text/plain")
+    assert repr(m) == "<text/* matched */plain;param=123>"
+    assert m == "text/*"
+    assert m.mime == "text/*"
+    assert m.header.mime == "*/plain"
+    assert m.header.type == "*"
+    assert m.header.subtype == "plain"
+    assert m.header.q == 1.0
+    assert m.header.params == dict(param="123")
+    # Matches object against another Matched object (by mime and header)
+    assert m == a.match("text/*")
+    # Against unsupported type falls back to object id matching
+    assert m != 123
+    # Matches the highest q value
+    m = a.match("foo/bar")
+    assert repr(m) == "<foo/bar matched foo/bar;q=0.5>"
+    assert m == "foo/bar"
+    assert m == "foo/bar;q=0.5"
+    # Matching nothing special case
+    m = a.match()
+    assert m == ""
+    assert m.header is None
+    # No header means anything
+    a = headers.parse_accept(None)
+    assert a == ["*/*"]
+    assert a.match("foo/bar")
+    # Empty header means nothing
+    a = headers.parse_accept("")
+    assert a == []
+    assert not a.match("foo/bar")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "headers,expected",
+    (
+        ({"foo": "bar"}, "bar"),
+        ((("foo", "bar"), ("foo", "baz")), "bar,baz"),
+        ({}, ""),
+    ),
+)
+def test_field_simple_accessor(headers, expected):
+    request = make_request(headers)
+    assert request.headers.foo == request.headers.foo_ == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "headers,expected",
+    (
+        ({"foo-bar": "bar"}, "bar"),
+        ((("foo-bar", "bar"), ("foo-bar", "baz")), "bar,baz"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_field_hyphenated_accessor(headers, expected):
+    request = make_request(headers)
+    assert request.headers.foo_bar == request.headers.foo_bar_ == expected
+
+
+def test_bad_accessor():
+    request = make_request({})
+    msg = "'Header' object has no attribute '_foo'"
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+        request.headers._foo
+
+
+def test_multiple_fields_accessor(app: Sanic):
+    @app.get("")
+    async def handler(request: Request):
+        return json({"field": request.headers.example_field})
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get(
+        "/", headers=(("Example-Field", "Foo, Bar"), ("Example-Field", "Baz"))
+    )
+    assert response.json["field"] == "Foo, Bar,Baz"

tests/test_request.py

@@ -150,33 +150,47 @@ def test_request_accept():
     async def get(request):
         return response.empty()
 
+    header_value = "text/plain;format=flowed, text/plain, text/*, */*"
     request, _ = app.test_client.get(
         "/",
-        headers={
+        headers={"Accept": header_value},
-            "Accept": "text/*, text/plain, text/plain;format=flowed, */*"
-        },
     )
-    assert request.accept == [
+    assert str(request.accept) == header_value
+    match = request.accept.match(
+        "*/*;format=flowed",
         "text/plain;format=flowed",
         "text/plain",
         "text/*",
         "*/*",
-    ]
+    )
+    assert match == "*/*;format=flowed"
+    assert match.header.mime == "text/plain"
+    assert match.header.params == {"format": "flowed"}
 
+    header_value = (
+        "text/plain; q=0.5,   text/html, text/x-dvi; q=0.8, text/x-c"
+    )
     request, _ = app.test_client.get(
         "/",
-        headers={
+        headers={"Accept": header_value},
-            "Accept": (
-                "text/plain; q=0.5, text/html, text/x-dvi; q=0.8, text/x-c"
-            )
-        },
     )
-    assert request.accept == [
+    assert [str(i) for i in request.accept] == [
         "text/html",
         "text/x-c",
-        "text/x-dvi; q=0.8",
+        "text/x-dvi;q=0.8",
-        "text/plain; q=0.5",
+        "text/plain;q=0.5",
     ]
+    match = request.accept.match(
+        "application/json",
+        "text/plain",  # Has lower q in accept header
+        "text/html;format=flowed",  # Params mismatch
+        "text/*",  # Matches
+        "*/*",
+    )
+    assert match == "text/*"
+    assert match.header.mime == "text/html"
+    assert match.header.q == 1.0
+    assert not match.header.params
 
 
 def test_bad_url_parse():

tests/test_response.py

@@ -514,7 +514,6 @@ def test_file_stream_head_response(
 def test_file_stream_response_range(
     app: Sanic, file_name, static_file_directory, size, start, end
 ):
-
     Range = namedtuple("Range", ["size", "start", "end", "total"])
     total = len(get_file_content(static_file_directory, file_name))
     range = Range(size=size, start=start, end=end, total=total)

tests/test_routes.py

@@ -722,7 +722,6 @@ def test_add_webscoket_route_with_version(app):
 
 
 def test_route_duplicate(app):
-
     with pytest.raises(RouteExists):
 
         @app.route("/test")
@@ -819,7 +818,6 @@ def test_unquote_add_route(app, unquote):
 
 
 def test_dynamic_add_route(app):
-
     results = []
 
     async def handler(request, name):
@@ -834,7 +832,6 @@ def test_dynamic_add_route(app):
 
 
 def test_dynamic_add_route_string(app):
-
     results = []
 
     async def handler(request, name):
@@ -938,7 +935,6 @@ def test_dynamic_add_route_unhashable(app):
 
 
 def test_add_route_duplicate(app):
-
     with pytest.raises(RouteExists):
 
         async def handler1(request):
@@ -1120,7 +1116,6 @@ def test_route_raise_ParameterNameConflicts(app):
 
 
 def test_route_invalid_host(app):
-
     host = 321
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
 

tests/test_signal_handlers.py

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ def test_dont_register_system_signals(app):
 @pytest.mark.skipif(os.name == "nt", reason="windows cannot SIGINT processes")
 def test_windows_workaround():
     """Test Windows workaround (on any other OS)"""
+
     # At least some code coverage, even though this test doesn't work on
     # Windows...
     class MockApp:

tests/test_static.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import inspect
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
@@ -13,15 +12,6 @@ from sanic import Sanic, text
 from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def static_file_directory():
-    """The static directory to serve"""
-    current_file = inspect.getfile(inspect.currentframe())
-    current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(current_file))
-    static_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, "static")
-    return static_directory
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def double_dotted_directory_file(static_file_directory: str):
     """Generate double dotted directory and its files"""
@@ -118,7 +108,12 @@ def test_static_file_pathlib(app, static_file_directory, file_name):
 def test_static_file_bytes(app, static_file_directory, file_name):
     bsep = os.path.sep.encode("utf-8")
     file_path = static_file_directory.encode("utf-8") + bsep + file_name
-    app.static("/testing.file", file_path)
+    message = (
+        "Serving a static directory with a bytes "
+        "string is deprecated and will be removed in v22.9."
+    )
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=message):
+        app.static("/testing.file", file_path)
     request, response = app.test_client.get("/testing.file")
     assert response.status == 200
 
@@ -431,7 +426,6 @@ def test_static_stream_large_file(
     "file_name", ["test.file", "decode me.txt", "python.png"]
 )
 def test_use_modified_since(app, static_file_directory, file_name):
-
     file_stat = os.stat(get_file_path(static_file_directory, file_name))
     modified_since = strftime(
         "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", gmtime(file_stat.st_mtime)

tests/test_static_directory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import os
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from sanic import Sanic
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
+
+
+def get_file_path(static_file_directory, file_name):
+    return os.path.join(static_file_directory, file_name)
+
+
+def get_file_content(static_file_directory, file_name):
+    """The content of the static file to check"""
+    with open(get_file_path(static_file_directory, file_name), "rb") as file:
+        return file.read()
+
+
+def test_static_directory_view(app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str):
+    app.static("/static", static_file_directory, directory_view=True)
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.content_type == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "<title>Directory Viewer</title>" in response.text
+
+
+def test_static_index_single(app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str):
+    app.static("/static", static_file_directory, index="test.html")
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.body == get_file_content(
+        static_file_directory, "test.html"
+    )
+    assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "text/html"
+
+
+def test_static_index_single_not_found(app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str):
+    app.static("/static", static_file_directory, index="index.html")
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/")
+    assert response.status == 404
+
+
+def test_static_index_multiple(app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str):
+    app.static(
+        "/static",
+        static_file_directory,
+        index=["index.html", "test.html"],
+    )
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.body == get_file_content(
+        static_file_directory, "test.html"
+    )
+    assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "text/html"
+
+
+def test_static_directory_view_and_index(
+    app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str
+):
+    app.static(
+        "/static",
+        static_file_directory,
+        directory_view=True,
+        index="foo.txt",
+    )
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/nested/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.content_type == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "<title>Directory Viewer</title>" in response.text
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/nested/dir/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.body == get_file_content(
+        f"{static_file_directory}/nested/dir", "foo.txt"
+    )
+    assert response.content_type == "text/plain"
+
+
+def test_static_directory_handler(app: Sanic, static_file_directory: str):
+    dh = DirectoryHandler(
+        "/static",
+        Path(static_file_directory),
+        directory_view=True,
+        index="foo.txt",
+    )
+    app.static("/static", static_file_directory, directory_handler=dh)
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/nested/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.content_type == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    assert "<title>Directory Viewer</title>" in response.text
+
+    _, response = app.test_client.get("/static/nested/dir/")
+    assert response.status == 200
+    assert response.body == get_file_content(
+        f"{static_file_directory}/nested/dir", "foo.txt"
+    )
+    assert response.content_type == "text/plain"
+
+
+def test_static_directory_handler_fails(app: Sanic):
+    dh = DirectoryHandler(
+        "/static",
+        Path(""),
+        directory_view=True,
+        index="foo.txt",
+    )
+    message = (
+        "When explicitly setting directory_handler, you cannot "
+        "set either directory_view or index. Instead, pass "
+        "these arguments to your DirectoryHandler instance."
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=message):
+        app.static("/static", "", directory_handler=dh, directory_view=True)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=message):
+        app.static("/static", "", directory_handler=dh, index="index.html")

tests/test_tls.py

@@ -654,7 +654,6 @@ def test_sanic_ssl_context_create():
     reason="This test requires fork context",
 )
 def test_ssl_in_multiprocess_mode(app: Sanic, caplog):
-
     ssl_dict = {"cert": localhost_cert, "key": localhost_key}
     event = Event()
 

tests/test_unix_socket.py

@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ def handler(request: Request):
 
 async def client(app: Sanic, loop: AbstractEventLoop):
     try:
-
         transport = httpx.AsyncHTTPTransport(uds=SOCKPATH)
         async with httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport) as client:
             r = await client.get("http://myhost.invalid/")

tests/test_url_building.py

@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ def test_simple_url_for_getting_with_more_params(app, args, url):
 
 
 def test_url_for_with_server_name(app):
-
     server_name = f"{test_host}:{test_port}"
     app.config.update({"SERVER_NAME": server_name})
     path = "/myurl"

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ def test_load_module_from_file_location_with_non_existing_env_variable():
         LoadFileException,
         match="The following environment variables are not set: MuuMilk",
     ):
-
         load_module_from_file_location("${MuuMilk}")