Release 23.3 (#2723 )

v23.3 Deprecation Removal (#2717 )
Sync state tolerance (#2725 )
2023-03-26 22:54:28 +03:00 · 2023-03-26 15:24:08 +03:00 · 2023-03-26 08:39:59 +03:00 · 2023-03-21 20:50:25 +02:00 · 2023-03-21 19:55:21 +02:00 · 2023-03-21 11:25:35 +02:00
138 changed files with 6474 additions and 2793 deletions
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ omit =
    sanic/simple.py
    sanic/utils.py
    sanic/cli
+    sanic/pages

 [html]
 directory = coverage
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/rfc.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/rfc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: 💡 Request for Comments
+description: Open an RFC for discussion
+labels: ["RFC"]
+body:
+  - type: input
+    id: compare
+    attributes:
+      label: Link to code
+      description: If available, share a [comparison](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/compare) from a POC branch to main
+      placeholder: https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/compare/main...some-new-branch
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: proposal
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposal
+      description: A thorough discussion of the proposal discussing the problem it solves, potential code, use cases, and impacts
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add any other context that is relevant
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: breaking
+    attributes:
+      label: Is this a breaking change?
+      options:
+        - label: "Yes"
+          required: false
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-bandit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-bandit.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ jobs:
          - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: security}
          - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: security}
          - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: security}
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: security}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout the repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-docs.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        config:
-          - {python-version: "3.8", tox-env: "docs"}
+          - {python-version: "3.10", tox-env: "docs"}
      fail-fast: false


--- a/.github/workflows/pr-linter.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-linter.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
        config:
-          - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: lint}
+          - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: lint}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout the repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-python311.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-python311.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Python 3.11 Tests
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "*LTS"
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review]
+
+jobs:
+  testPy311:
+    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+    name: ut-${{ matrix.config.tox-env }}-${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+        config:
+          - {
+              python-version: "3.11",
+              tox-env: py311,
+              ignore-error-flake: "false",
+              command-timeout: "0",
+            }
+          - {
+              python-version: "3.11",
+              tox-env: py311-no-ext,
+              ignore-error-flake: "true",
+              command-timeout: "600000",
+            }
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout the Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        id: checkout-branch
+
+      - name: Run Unit Tests
+        uses: harshanarayana/custom-actions@main
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.config.python-version }}
+          test-infra-tool: tox
+          test-infra-version: latest
+          action: tests
+          test-additional-args: "-e=${{ matrix.config.tox-env }},-vv=''"
+          experimental-ignore-error: "${{ matrix.config.ignore-error-flake }}"
+          command-timeout: "${{ matrix.config.command-timeout }}"
+          test-failure-retry: "3"
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-type-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-type-check.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ jobs:
          - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: type-checking}
          - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: type-checking}
          - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: type-checking}
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: type-checking}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout the repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-windows.yml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ jobs:
          - { python-version: 3.8, tox-env: py38-no-ext }
          - { python-version: 3.9, tox-env: py39-no-ext }
          - { python-version: "3.10", tox-env: py310-no-ext }
+          - { python-version: "3.11", tox-env: py310-no-ext }
          - { python-version: pypy-3.7, tox-env: pypy37-no-ext }

    steps:
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-images.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-images.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-package.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8"]
+        python-version: ["3.10"]

    steps:
      - name: Checkout Repository
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -313,10 +313,8 @@ Version 21.3.0
    `#2074 <https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2074>`_
    Performance adjustments in ``handle_request_``

-Version 20.12.3 🔷
------------------
-
-`Current LTS version`
+Version 20.12.3
+---------------

 **Bugfixes**

@@ -350,8 +348,8 @@ Version 19.12.5
    `#2027 <https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2027>`_
    Remove old chardet requirement, add in hard multidict requirement

-Version 20.12.0 🔹
-----------------
+Version 20.12.0
+---------------

 **Features**

--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ Sanic releases long term support release once a year in December. LTS releases r

 | Version | LTS           | Supported               |
 | ------- | ------------- | ----------------------- |
-| 22.9    |               | :white_check_mark:      |
+| 22.12   | until 2024-12 | :white_check_mark:      |
+| 22.9    |               | :x:                     |
 | 22.6    |               | :x:                     |
 | 22.3    |               | :x:                     |
-| 21.12   | until 2023-12 | :white_check_mark:      |
+| 21.12   | until 2023-12 | :ballot_box_with_check: |
 | 21.9    |               | :x:                     |
 | 21.6    |               | :x:                     |
 | 21.3    |               | :x:                     |
-| 20.12   | until 2022-12 | :ballot_box_with_check: |
+| 20.12   |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.9    |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.6    |               | :x:                     |
 | 20.3    |               | :x:                     |
--- a/codecov.yml
+++ b/codecov.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ ignore:
  - "sanic/compat.py"
  - "sanic/simple.py"
  - "sanic/utils.py"
-  - "sanic/cli"
+  - "sanic/cli/"
+  - "sanic/pages/"
  - ".github/"
  - "changelogs/"
  - "docker/"
--- a/docs/sanic/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/sanic/changelog.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 📜 Changelog
 ============

+| 🔶 Current release
+| 🔷 In support release
+|
+
+.. mdinclude:: ./releases/23/23.3.md
+.. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.12.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.9.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.6.md
 .. mdinclude:: ./releases/22/22.3.md
--- a/docs/sanic/releases/22/22.12.md
+++ b/docs/sanic/releases/22/22.12.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+## Version 22.12.0 🔷
+
+_Current version_
+
+### Features
+
+- [#2569](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2569) Add `JSONResponse` class with some convenient methods when updating a response object
+- [#2598](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2598) Change `uvloop` requirement to `>=0.15.0`
+- [#2609](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2609) Add compatibility with `websockets` v11.0
+- [#2610](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2610) Kill server early on worker error
+    - Raise deadlock timeout to 30s
+- [#2617](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2617) Scale number of running server workers
+- [#2621](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2621) [#2634](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2634) Send `SIGKILL` on subsequent `ctrl+c` to force worker exit
+- [#2622](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2622) Add API to restart all workers from the multiplexer
+- [#2624](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2624) Default to `spawn` for all subprocesses unless specifically set:
+    ```python
+    from sanic import Sanic
+    
+    Sanic.start_method = "fork"
+    ```
+- [#2625](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2625) Filename normalisation of form-data/multipart file uploads
+- [#2626](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2626) Move to HTTP Inspector:
+    - Remote access to inspect running Sanic instances
+    - TLS support for encrypted calls to Inspector
+    - Authentication to Inspector with API key
+    - Ability to extend Inspector with custom commands
+- [#2632](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2632) Control order of restart operations
+- [#2633](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2633) Move reload interval to class variable
+- [#2636](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2636) Add `priority` to `register_middleware` method
+- [#2639](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2639) Add `unquote` to `add_route` method
+- [#2640](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2640) ASGI websockets to receive `text` or `bytes`
+
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2607](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2607) Force socket shutdown before close to allow rebinding
+- [#2590](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2590) Use actual `StrEnum` in Python 3.11+
+- [#2615](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2615) Ensure middleware executes only once per request timeout
+- [#2627](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2627) Crash ASGI application on lifespan failure
+- [#2635](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2635) Resolve error with low-level server creation on Windows
+
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+
+- [#2608](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2608) [#2630](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2630) Signal conditions and triggers saved on `signal.extra` 
+- [#2626](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2626) Move to HTTP Inspector
+    - 🚨 *BREAKING CHANGE*: Moves the Inspector to a Sanic app from a simple TCP socket with a custom protocol
+    - *DEPRECATE*: The `--inspect*` commands have been deprecated in favor of `inspect ...` commands
+- [#2628](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2628) Replace deprecated `distutils.strtobool`
+
+
+### Developer infrastructure
+
+- [#2612](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2612) Add CI testing for Python 3.11
+
--- a/docs/sanic/releases/22/22.9.md
+++ b/docs/sanic/releases/22/22.9.md
@@ -1,6 +1,33 @@
-## Version 22.9.0 🔶
+## Version 22.9.1

-_Current version_
+### Features
+
+- [#2585](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2585) Improved error message when no applications have been registered
+
+
+### Bugfixes
+
+- [#2578](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2578) Add certificate loader for in process certificate creation
+- [#2591](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2591) Do not use sentinel identity for `spawn` compatibility
+- [#2592](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2592) Fix properties in nested blueprint groups
+- [#2595](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2595) Introduce sleep interval on new worker reloader
+
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+
+
+### Developer infrastructure
+
+- [#2588](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2588) Markdown templates on issue forms
+
+
+### Improved Documentation
+
+- [#2556](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2556) v22.9 documentation
+- [#2582](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2582) Cleanup documentation on Windows support
+
+
+## Version 22.9.0

 ### Features

--- a/docs/sanic/releases/23/23.3.md
+++ b/docs/sanic/releases/23/23.3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+## Version 23.3.0 🔶
+
+### Features
+- [#2545](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2545) Standardize init of exceptions for more consistent control of HTTP responses using exceptions
+- [#2606](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2606) Decode headers as UTF-8 also in ASGI
+- [#2646](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2646) Separate ASGI request and lifespan callables
+- [#2659](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2659) Use ``FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT`` for handlers that return ``empty()``
+- [#2662](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2662) Add basic file browser (HTML page) and auto-index serving
+- [#2667](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2667) Nicer traceback formatting (HTML page)
+- [#2668](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2668) Smarter error page rendering format selection; more reliant upon header and "common sense" defaults
+- [#2680](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2680) Check the status of socket before shutting down with ``SHUT_RDWR``
+- [#2687](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2687) Refresh ``Request.accept`` functionality to be more performant and spec-compliant
+- [#2696](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2696) Add header accessors as properties
+    ```
+    Example-Field: Foo, Bar
+    Example-Field: Baz
+    ```
+    ```python
+    request.headers.example_field == "Foo, Bar,Baz"
+    ```
+- [#2700](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2700) Simpler CLI targets
+
+    ```sh
+    $ sanic path.to.module:app          # global app instance
+    $ sanic path.to.module:create_app   # factory pattern
+    $ sanic ./path/to/directory/        # simple serve
+    ```
+- [#2701](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2701) API to define a number of workers in managed processes
+- [#2704](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2704) Add convenience for dynamic changes to routing
+- [#2706](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2706) Add convenience methods for cookie creation and deletion
+    
+    ```python
+    response = text("...")
+    response.add_cookie("test", "It worked!", domain=".yummy-yummy-cookie.com")
+    ```
+- [#2707](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2707) Simplified ``parse_content_header`` escaping to be RFC-compliant and remove outdated FF hack
+- [#2710](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2710) Stricter charset handling and escaping of request URLs
+- [#2711](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2711) Consume body on ``DELETE`` by default
+- [#2719](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2719) Allow ``password`` to be passed to TLS context
+- [#2720](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2720) Skip middleware on ``RequestCancelled``
+- [#2721](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2721) Change access logging format to ``%s``
+- [#2722](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2722) Add ``CertLoader`` as application option for directly controlling ``SSLContext`` objects
+- [#2725](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2725) Worker sync state tolerance on race condition
+
+### Bugfixes
+- [#2651](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2651) ASGI websocket to pass thru bytes as is
+- [#2697](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2697) Fix comparison between datetime aware and naive in ``file`` when using ``If-Modified-Since``
+
+### Deprecations and Removals
+- [#2666](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2666) Remove deprecated ``__blueprintname__`` property
+
+### Improved Documentation
+- [#2712](https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/pull/2712) Improved example using ``'https'`` to create the redirect
--- a/examples/http_redirect.py
+++ b/examples/http_redirect.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def proxy(request, path):
        path=path,
        _server=https.config.SERVER_NAME,
        _external=True,
-        _scheme="http",
+        _scheme="https",
    )
    return response.redirect(url)

--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -22,5 +22,8 @@ module = [
    "httptools.*",
    "trustme.*",
    "sanic_routing.*",
+    "aioquic.*",
+    "html5tagger.*",
+    "tracerite.*",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
--- a/sanic/init.py
+++ b/sanic/init.py
@@ -2,6 +2,22 @@ from sanic.__version__ import __version__
 from sanic.app import Sanic
 from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
 from sanic.constants import HTTPMethod
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    BadRequest,
+    ExpectationFailed,
+    FileNotFound,
+    Forbidden,
+    HeaderNotFound,
+    InternalServerError,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    MethodNotAllowed,
+    NotFound,
+    RangeNotSatisfiable,
+    SanicException,
+    ServerError,
+    ServiceUnavailable,
+    Unauthorized,
+)
 from sanic.request import Request
 from sanic.response import (
    HTTPResponse,
@@ -9,6 +25,7 @@ from sanic.response import (
    file,
    html,
    json,
+    raw,
    redirect,
    text,
 )
@@ -17,16 +34,34 @@ from sanic.server.websockets.impl import WebsocketImplProtocol as Websocket

 __all__ = (
    "__version__",
+    # Common objects
    "Sanic",
    "Blueprint",
    "HTTPMethod",
    "HTTPResponse",
    "Request",
    "Websocket",
+    # Common exceptions
+    "BadRequest",
+    "ExpectationFailed",
+    "FileNotFound",
+    "Forbidden",
+    "HeaderNotFound",
+    "InternalServerError",
+    "InvalidHeader",
+    "MethodNotAllowed",
+    "NotFound",
+    "RangeNotSatisfiable",
+    "SanicException",
+    "ServerError",
+    "ServiceUnavailable",
+    "Unauthorized",
+    # Common response methods
    "empty",
    "file",
    "html",
    "json",
+    "raw",
    "redirect",
    "text",
 )
--- a/sanic/version.py
+++ b/sanic/version.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "22.12.0a0"
+__version__ = "23.3.0"
--- a/sanic/app.py
+++ b/sanic/app.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from asyncio import (
 )
 from asyncio.futures import Future
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
-from contextlib import suppress
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from functools import partial
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from os import environ
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from typing import (
    Deque,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
    List,
    Optional,
    Set,
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ from sanic_routing.route import Route

 from sanic.application.ext import setup_ext
 from sanic.application.state import ApplicationState, ServerStage
-from sanic.asgi import ASGIApp
+from sanic.asgi import ASGIApp, Lifespan
 from sanic.base.root import BaseSanic
 from sanic.blueprint_group import BlueprintGroup
 from sanic.blueprints import Blueprint
@@ -61,16 +62,13 @@ from sanic.exceptions import (
    URLBuildError,
 )
 from sanic.handlers import ErrorHandler
-from sanic.helpers import Default
+from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import (
-    LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS,
-    deprecation,
-    error_logger,
-    logger,
-)
+from sanic.log import LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS, error_logger, logger
+from sanic.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareLocation
 from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerEvent
 from sanic.mixins.startup import StartupMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticHandleMixin
 from sanic.models.futures import (
    FutureException,
    FutureListener,
@@ -78,7 +76,6 @@ from sanic.models.futures import (
    FutureRegistry,
    FutureRoute,
    FutureSignal,
-    FutureStatic,
 )
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType, MiddlewareType
 from sanic.models.handler_types import Sanic as SanicVar
@@ -90,6 +87,7 @@ from sanic.signals import Signal, SignalRouter
 from sanic.touchup import TouchUp, TouchUpMeta
 from sanic.types.shared_ctx import SharedContext
 from sanic.worker.inspector import Inspector
+from sanic.worker.loader import CertLoader
 from sanic.worker.manager import WorkerManager


@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ if OS_IS_WINDOWS:  # no cov
    enable_windows_color_support()


-class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
+class Sanic(StaticHandleMixin, BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
    """
    The main application instance
    """
@@ -118,6 +116,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
    )
    __slots__ = (
        "_asgi_app",
+        "_asgi_lifespan",
        "_asgi_client",
        "_blueprint_order",
        "_delayed_tasks",
@@ -136,10 +135,12 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        "_test_client",
        "_test_manager",
        "blueprints",
+        "certloader_class",
        "config",
        "configure_logging",
        "ctx",
        "error_handler",
+        "inspector_class",
        "go_fast",
        "listeners",
        "multiplexer",
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):

    def __init__(
        self,
-        name: str = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
        config: Optional[Config] = None,
        ctx: Optional[Any] = None,
        router: Optional[Router] = None,
@@ -176,6 +177,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        dumps: Optional[Callable[..., AnyStr]] = None,
        loads: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
        inspector: bool = False,
+        inspector_class: Optional[Type[Inspector]] = None,
+        certloader_class: Optional[Type[CertLoader]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(name=name)
        # logging
@@ -195,6 +198,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            self.config.INSPECTOR = inspector

        # Then we can do the rest
+        self._asgi_app: Optional[ASGIApp] = None
+        self._asgi_lifespan: Optional[Lifespan] = None
        self._asgi_client: Any = None
        self._blueprint_order: List[Blueprint] = []
        self._delayed_tasks: List[str] = []
@@ -208,9 +213,13 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        self.asgi = False
        self.auto_reload = False
        self.blueprints: Dict[str, Blueprint] = {}
+        self.certloader_class: Type[CertLoader] = (
+            certloader_class or CertLoader
+        )
        self.configure_logging: bool = configure_logging
        self.ctx: Any = ctx or SimpleNamespace()
        self.error_handler: ErrorHandler = error_handler or ErrorHandler()
+        self.inspector_class: Type[Inspector] = inspector_class or Inspector
        self.listeners: Dict[str, List[ListenerType[Any]]] = defaultdict(list)
        self.named_request_middleware: Dict[str, Deque[MiddlewareType]] = {}
        self.named_response_middleware: Dict[str, Deque[MiddlewareType]] = {}
@@ -291,8 +300,12 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        return listener

    def register_middleware(
-        self, middleware: MiddlewareType, attach_to: str = "request"
-    ) -> MiddlewareType:
+        self,
+        middleware: Union[MiddlewareType, Middleware],
+        attach_to: str = "request",
+        *,
+        priority: Union[Default, int] = _default,
+    ) -> Union[MiddlewareType, Middleware]:
        """
        Register an application level middleware that will be attached
        to all the API URLs registered under this application.
@@ -308,19 +321,37 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            **response** - Invoke before the response is returned back
        :return: decorated method
        """
-        if attach_to == "request":
+        retval = middleware
+        location = MiddlewareLocation[attach_to.upper()]
+
+        if not isinstance(middleware, Middleware):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware,
+                location=location,
+                priority=priority if isinstance(priority, int) else 0,
+            )
+        elif middleware.priority != priority and isinstance(priority, int):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware.func,
+                location=middleware.location,
+                priority=priority,
+            )
+
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST:
            if middleware not in self.request_middleware:
                self.request_middleware.append(middleware)
-        if attach_to == "response":
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE:
            if middleware not in self.response_middleware:
                self.response_middleware.appendleft(middleware)
-        return middleware
+        return retval

    def register_named_middleware(
        self,
        middleware: MiddlewareType,
        route_names: Iterable[str],
        attach_to: str = "request",
+        *,
+        priority: Union[Default, int] = _default,
    ):
        """
        Method for attaching middleware to specific routes. This is mainly an
@@ -334,19 +365,35 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            defaults to "request"
        :type attach_to: str, optional
        """
-        if attach_to == "request":
+        retval = middleware
+        location = MiddlewareLocation[attach_to.upper()]
+
+        if not isinstance(middleware, Middleware):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware,
+                location=location,
+                priority=priority if isinstance(priority, int) else 0,
+            )
+        elif middleware.priority != priority and isinstance(priority, int):
+            middleware = Middleware(
+                middleware.func,
+                location=middleware.location,
+                priority=priority,
+            )
+
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.REQUEST:
            for _rn in route_names:
                if _rn not in self.named_request_middleware:
                    self.named_request_middleware[_rn] = deque()
                if middleware not in self.named_request_middleware[_rn]:
                    self.named_request_middleware[_rn].append(middleware)
-        if attach_to == "response":
+        if location is MiddlewareLocation.RESPONSE:
            for _rn in route_names:
                if _rn not in self.named_response_middleware:
                    self.named_response_middleware[_rn] = deque()
                if middleware not in self.named_response_middleware[_rn]:
                    self.named_response_middleware[_rn].appendleft(middleware)
-        return middleware
+        return retval

    def _apply_exception_handler(
        self,
@@ -388,36 +435,36 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):

        ctx = params.pop("route_context")

-        routes = self.router.add(**params)
-        if isinstance(routes, Route):
-            routes = [routes]
+        with self.amend():
+            routes = self.router.add(**params)
+            if isinstance(routes, Route):
+                routes = [routes]

-        for r in routes:
-            r.extra.websocket = websocket
-            r.extra.static = params.get("static", False)
-            r.ctx.__dict__.update(ctx)
+            for r in routes:
+                r.extra.websocket = websocket
+                r.extra.static = params.get("static", False)
+                r.ctx.__dict__.update(ctx)

        return routes

-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        return self._register_static(static)
-
    def _apply_middleware(
        self,
        middleware: FutureMiddleware,
        route_names: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ):
-        if route_names:
-            return self.register_named_middleware(
-                middleware.middleware, route_names, middleware.attach_to
-            )
-        else:
-            return self.register_middleware(
-                middleware.middleware, middleware.attach_to
-            )
+        with self.amend():
+            if route_names:
+                return self.register_named_middleware(
+                    middleware.middleware, route_names, middleware.attach_to
+                )
+            else:
+                return self.register_middleware(
+                    middleware.middleware, middleware.attach_to
+                )

    def _apply_signal(self, signal: FutureSignal) -> Signal:
-        return self.signal_router.add(*signal)
+        with self.amend():
+            return self.signal_router.add(*signal)

    def dispatch(
        self,
@@ -836,6 +883,8 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        :param request: HTTP Request object
        :return: Nothing
        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
        await self.dispatch(
            "http.lifecycle.handle",
            inline=True,
@@ -848,11 +897,11 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            Union[
                BaseHTTPResponse,
                Coroutine[Any, Any, Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]],
+                ResponseStream,
            ]
        ] = None
        run_middleware = True
        try:
-
            await self.dispatch(
                "http.routing.before",
                inline=True,
@@ -884,7 +933,6 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                and request.stream.request_body
                and not route.extra.ignore_body
            ):
-
                if hasattr(handler, "is_stream"):
                    # Streaming handler: lift the size limit
                    request.stream.request_max_size = float("inf")
@@ -958,7 +1006,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                ...
                await response.send(end_stream=True)
            elif isinstance(response, ResponseStream):
-                resp = await response(request)  # type: ignore
+                resp = await response(request)
                await self.dispatch(
                    "http.lifecycle.response",
                    inline=True,
@@ -967,7 +1015,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
                        "response": resp,
                    },
                )
-                await response.eof()  # type: ignore
+                await response.eof()
            else:
                if not hasattr(handler, "is_websocket"):
                    raise ServerError(
@@ -1309,12 +1357,14 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        three arguments: scope, receive, send. See the ASGI reference for more
        details: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest
        """
-        self.asgi = True
        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            self.asgi = True
            self.motd("")
-        self._asgi_app = await ASGIApp.create(self, scope, receive, send)
-        asgi_app = self._asgi_app
-        await asgi_app()
+            self._asgi_lifespan = Lifespan(self, scope, receive, send)
+            await self._asgi_lifespan()
+        else:
+            self._asgi_app = await ASGIApp.create(self, scope, receive, send)
+            await self._asgi_app()

    _asgi_single_callable = True  # We conform to ASGI 3.0 single-callable

@@ -1475,6 +1525,27 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
    # Lifecycle
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------- #

+    @contextmanager
+    def amend(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """
+        If the application has started, this function allows changes
+        to be made to add routes, middleware, and signals.
+        """
+        if not self.state.is_started:
+            yield
+        else:
+            do_router = self.router.finalized
+            do_signal_router = self.signal_router.finalized
+            if do_router:
+                self.router.reset()
+            if do_signal_router:
+                self.signal_router.reset()
+            yield
+            if do_signal_router:
+                self.signalize(self.config.TOUCHUP)
+            if do_router:
+                self.finalize()
+
    def finalize(self):
        try:
            self.router.finalize()
@@ -1508,17 +1579,20 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        self.signalize(self.config.TOUCHUP)
        self.finalize()

-        route_names = [route.name for route in self.router.routes]
+        route_names = [route.extra.ident for route in self.router.routes]
        duplicates = {
            name for name in route_names if route_names.count(name) > 1
        }
        if duplicates:
            names = ", ".join(duplicates)
-            deprecation(
-                f"Duplicate route names detected: {names}. In the future, "
-                "Sanic will enforce uniqueness in route naming.",
-                23.3,
+            message = (
+                f"Duplicate route names detected: {names}. You should rename "
+                "one or more of them explicitly by using the `name` param, "
+                "or changing the implicit name derived from the class and "
+                "function name. For more details, please see "
+                "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#duplicated-route-names-are-no-longer-allowed"  # noqa
            )
+            raise ServerError(message)

        Sanic._check_uvloop_conflict()

@@ -1531,6 +1605,7 @@ class Sanic(BaseSanic, StartupMixin, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):

        self.state.is_started = True

+    def ack(self):
        if hasattr(self, "multiplexer"):
            self.multiplexer.ack()

--- a/sanic/application/logo.py
+++ b/sanic/application/logo.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ FULL_COLOR_LOGO = """

 """  # noqa

+SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE = """<svg id=logo-simple viewBox="0 0 964 279"><desc>Sanic</desc><path d="M107 222c9-2 10-20 1-22s-20-2-30-2-17 7-16 14 6 10 15 10h30zm115-1c16-2 30-11 35-23s6-24 2-33-6-14-15-20-24-11-38-10c-7 3-10 13-5 19s17-1 24 4 15 14 13 24-5 15-14 18-50 0-74 0h-17c-6 4-10 15-4 20s16 2 23 3zM251 83q9-1 9-7 0-15-10-16h-13c-10 6-10 20 0 22zM147 60c-4 0-10 3-11 11s5 13 10 12 42 0 67 0c5-3 7-10 6-15s-4-8-9-8zm-33 1c-8 0-16 0-24 3s-20 10-25 20-6 24-4 36 15 22 26 27 78 8 94 3c4-4 4-12 0-18s-69 8-93-10c-8-7-9-23 0-30s12-10 20-10 12 2 16-3 1-15-5-18z" fill="#ff0d68"/><path d="M676 74c0-14-18-9-20 0s0 30 0 39 20 9 20 2zm-297-10c-12 2-15 12-23 23l-41 58H340l22-30c8-12 23-13 30-4s20 24 24 38-10 10-17 10l-68 2q-17 1-48 30c-7 6-10 20 0 24s15-8 20-13 20 -20 58-21h50 c20 2 33 9 52 30 8 10 24-4 16-13L384 65q-3-2-5-1zm131 0c-10 1-12 12-11 20v96c1 10-3 23 5 32s20-5 17-15c0-23-3-46 2-67 5-12 22-14 32-5l103 87c7 5 19 1 18-9v-64c-3-10-20-9-21 2s-20 22-30 13l-97-80c-5-4-10-10-18-10zM701 76v128c2 10 15 12 20 4s0-102 0-124s-20-18-20-7z M850 63c-35 0-69-2-86 15s-20 60-13 66 13 8 16 0 1-10 1-27 12-26 20-32 66-5 85-5 31 4 31-10-18-7-54-7M764 159c-6-2-15-2-16 12s19 37 33 43 23 8 25-4-4-11-11-14q-9-3-22-18c-4-7-3-16-10-19zM828 196c-4 0-8 1-10 5s-4 12 0 15 8 2 12 2h60c5 0 10-2 12-6 3-7-1-16-8-16z" fill="#1f1f1f"/></svg>"""  # noqa
+
 ansi_pattern = re.compile(r"\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])")


--- a/sanic/asgi.py
+++ b/sanic/asgi.py
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import warnings

 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
-from urllib.parse import quote

 from sanic.compat import Header
-from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, ServerError
 from sanic.helpers import Default
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.asgi import ASGIReceive, ASGIScope, ASGISend, MockTransport
 from sanic.request import Request
 from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse
@@ -22,13 +21,15 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:


 class Lifespan:
-    def __init__(self, asgi_app: ASGIApp) -> None:
-        self.asgi_app = asgi_app
+    def __init__(
+        self, sanic_app, scope: ASGIScope, receive: ASGIReceive, send: ASGISend
+    ) -> None:
+        self.sanic_app = sanic_app
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.send = send

-        if (
-            "server.init.before"
-            in self.asgi_app.sanic_app.signal_router.name_index
-        ):
+        if "server.init.before" in self.sanic_app.signal_router.name_index:
            logger.debug(
                'You have set a listener for "before_server_start" '
                "in ASGI mode. "
@@ -36,10 +37,7 @@ class Lifespan:
                "the ASGI server is started.",
                extra={"verbosity": 1},
            )
-        if (
-            "server.shutdown.after"
-            in self.asgi_app.sanic_app.signal_router.name_index
-        ):
+        if "server.shutdown.after" in self.sanic_app.signal_router.name_index:
            logger.debug(
                'You have set a listener for "after_server_stop" '
                "in ASGI mode. "
@@ -57,11 +55,11 @@ class Lifespan:
        in sequence since the ASGI lifespan protocol only supports a single
        startup event.
        """
-        await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._startup()
-        await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("init", "before")
-        await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("init", "after")
+        await self.sanic_app._startup()
+        await self.sanic_app._server_event("init", "before")
+        await self.sanic_app._server_event("init", "after")

-        if not isinstance(self.asgi_app.sanic_app.config.USE_UVLOOP, Default):
+        if not isinstance(self.sanic_app.config.USE_UVLOOP, Default):
            warnings.warn(
                "You have set the USE_UVLOOP configuration option, but Sanic "
                "cannot control the event loop when running in ASGI mode."
@@ -77,21 +75,33 @@ class Lifespan:
        in sequence since the ASGI lifespan protocol only supports a single
        shutdown event.
        """
-        await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("shutdown", "before")
-        await self.asgi_app.sanic_app._server_event("shutdown", "after")
+        await self.sanic_app._server_event("shutdown", "before")
+        await self.sanic_app._server_event("shutdown", "after")

-    async def __call__(
-        self, scope: ASGIScope, receive: ASGIReceive, send: ASGISend
-    ) -> None:
-        message = await receive()
-        if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup":
-            await self.startup()
-            await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"})
-
-        message = await receive()
-        if message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown":
-            await self.shutdown()
-            await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"})
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            message = await self.receive()
+            if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup":
+                try:
+                    await self.startup()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    error_logger.exception(e)
+                    await self.send(
+                        {"type": "lifespan.startup.failed", "message": str(e)}
+                    )
+                else:
+                    await self.send({"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"})
+            elif message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown":
+                try:
+                    await self.shutdown()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    error_logger.exception(e)
+                    await self.send(
+                        {"type": "lifespan.shutdown.failed", "message": str(e)}
+                    )
+                else:
+                    await self.send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"})
+                return


 class ASGIApp:
@@ -103,73 +113,78 @@ class ASGIApp:
    stage: Stage
    response: Optional[BaseHTTPResponse]

-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.ws = None
-
    @classmethod
    async def create(
-        cls, sanic_app, scope: ASGIScope, receive: ASGIReceive, send: ASGISend
-    ) -> "ASGIApp":
+        cls,
+        sanic_app: Sanic,
+        scope: ASGIScope,
+        receive: ASGIReceive,
+        send: ASGISend,
+    ) -> ASGIApp:
        instance = cls()
+        instance.ws = None
        instance.sanic_app = sanic_app
        instance.transport = MockTransport(scope, receive, send)
        instance.transport.loop = sanic_app.loop
        instance.stage = Stage.IDLE
        instance.response = None
+        instance.sanic_app.state.is_started = True
        setattr(instance.transport, "add_task", sanic_app.loop.create_task)

-        headers = Header(
-            [
-                (key.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1"))
-                for key, value in scope.get("headers", [])
-            ]
-        )
-        instance.lifespan = Lifespan(instance)
+        try:
+            headers = Header(
+                [
+                    (
+                        key.decode("ASCII"),
+                        value.decode(errors="surrogateescape"),
+                    )
+                    for key, value in scope.get("headers", [])
+                ]
+            )
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise BadRequest(
+                "Header names can only contain US-ASCII characters"
+            )

-        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
-            await instance.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
+        if scope["type"] == "http":
+            version = scope["http_version"]
+            method = scope["method"]
+        elif scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            version = "1.1"
+            method = "GET"
+
+            instance.ws = instance.transport.create_websocket_connection(
+                send, receive
+            )
        else:
-            path = (
-                scope["path"][1:]
-                if scope["path"].startswith("/")
-                else scope["path"]
-            )
-            url = "/".join([scope.get("root_path", ""), quote(path)])
-            url_bytes = url.encode("latin-1")
-            url_bytes += b"?" + scope["query_string"]
+            raise ServerError("Received unknown ASGI scope")

-            if scope["type"] == "http":
-                version = scope["http_version"]
-                method = scope["method"]
-            elif scope["type"] == "websocket":
-                version = "1.1"
-                method = "GET"
+        url_bytes, query = scope["raw_path"], scope["query_string"]
+        if query:
+            # httpx ASGI client sends query string as part of raw_path
+            url_bytes = url_bytes.split(b"?", 1)[0]
+            # All servers send them separately
+            url_bytes = b"%b?%b" % (url_bytes, query)

-                instance.ws = instance.transport.create_websocket_connection(
-                    send, receive
-                )
-            else:
-                raise ServerError("Received unknown ASGI scope")
+        request_class = sanic_app.request_class or Request
+        instance.request = request_class(
+            url_bytes,
+            headers,
+            version,
+            method,
+            instance.transport,
+            sanic_app,
+        )
+        instance.request.stream = instance  # type: ignore
+        instance.request_body = True
+        instance.request.conn_info = ConnInfo(instance.transport)

-            request_class = sanic_app.request_class or Request
-            instance.request = request_class(
-                url_bytes,
-                headers,
-                version,
-                method,
-                instance.transport,
-                sanic_app,
-            )
-            instance.request.stream = instance
-            instance.request_body = True
-            instance.request.conn_info = ConnInfo(instance.transport)
-
-            await sanic_app.dispatch(
-                "http.lifecycle.request",
-                inline=True,
-                context={"request": instance.request},
-                fail_not_found=False,
-            )
+        await instance.sanic_app.dispatch(
+            "http.lifecycle.request",
+            inline=True,
+            context={"request": instance.request},
+            fail_not_found=False,
+        )

        return instance

--- a/sanic/base/root.py
+++ b/sanic/base/root.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re

-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional

 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from sanic.mixins.listeners import ListenerMixin
 from sanic.mixins.middleware import MiddlewareMixin
 from sanic.mixins.routes import RouteMixin
 from sanic.mixins.signals import SignalMixin
+from sanic.mixins.static import StaticMixin


 VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ VALID_NAME = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*$")

 class BaseSanic(
    RouteMixin,
+    StaticMixin,
    MiddlewareMixin,
    ListenerMixin,
    ExceptionMixin,
@@ -24,7 +26,9 @@ class BaseSanic(
 ):
    __slots__ = ("name",)

-    def __init__(self, name: str = None, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: Optional[str] = None, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None:
        class_name = self.__class__.__name__

        if name is None:
--- a/sanic/blueprints.py
+++ b/sanic/blueprints.py
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
        "_future_listeners",
        "_future_exceptions",
        "_future_signals",
+        "copied_from",
        "ctx",
        "exceptions",
        "host",
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
    ):
        super().__init__(name=name)
        self.reset()
+        self.copied_from = ""
        self.ctx = SimpleNamespace()
        self.host = host
        self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
@@ -213,6 +215,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
        self.reset()
        new_bp = deepcopy(self)
        new_bp.name = name
+        new_bp.copied_from = self.name

        if not isinstance(url_prefix, Default):
            new_bp.url_prefix = url_prefix
@@ -304,9 +307,6 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):

        # Routes
        for future in self._future_routes:
-            # attach the blueprint name to the handler so that it can be
-            # prefixed properly in the router
-            future.handler.__blueprintname__ = self.name
            # Prepend the blueprint URI prefix if available
            uri = self._setup_uri(future.uri, url_prefix)

@@ -355,6 +355,16 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):

            registered.add(apply_route)
            route = app._apply_route(apply_route)
+
+            # If it is a copied BP, then make sure all of the names of routes
+            # matchup with the new BP name
+            if self.copied_from:
+                for r in route:
+                    r.name = r.name.replace(self.copied_from, self.name)
+                    r.extra.ident = r.extra.ident.replace(
+                        self.copied_from, self.name
+                    )
+
            operation = (
                routes.extend if isinstance(route, list) else routes.append
            )
@@ -442,7 +452,7 @@ class Blueprint(BaseSanic):
            events.add(signal.ctx.event)

        return asyncio.wait(
-            [event.wait() for event in events],
+            [asyncio.create_task(event.wait()) for event in events],
            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
            timeout=timeout,
        )
--- a/sanic/cli/app.py
+++ b/sanic/cli/app.py
@@ -1,42 +1,44 @@
-import logging
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys

-from argparse import ArgumentParser, RawTextHelpFormatter
+from argparse import Namespace
 from functools import partial
 from textwrap import indent
-from typing import Any, List, Union
+from typing import List, Union

 from sanic.app import Sanic
 from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
 from sanic.cli.arguments import Group
+from sanic.cli.base import SanicArgumentParser, SanicHelpFormatter
+from sanic.cli.inspector import make_inspector_parser
+from sanic.cli.inspector_client import InspectorClient
 from sanic.log import error_logger
-from sanic.worker.inspector import inspect
 from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader


-class SanicArgumentParser(ArgumentParser):
-    ...
-
-
 class SanicCLI:
    DESCRIPTION = indent(
        f"""
 {get_logo(True)}

 To start running a Sanic application, provide a path to the module, where
-app is a Sanic() instance:
+app is a Sanic() instance in the global scope:

    $ sanic path.to.server:app

+If the Sanic instance variable is called 'app', you can leave off the last
+part, and only provide a path to the module where the instance is:
+
+    $ sanic path.to.server
+
 Or, a path to a callable that returns a Sanic() instance:

-    $ sanic path.to.factory:create_app --factory
+    $ sanic path.to.factory:create_app

 Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:

-    $ sanic ./path/to/static --simple
+    $ sanic ./path/to/static
 """,
        prefix=" ",
    )
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
        self.parser = SanicArgumentParser(
            prog="sanic",
            description=self.DESCRIPTION,
-            formatter_class=lambda prog: RawTextHelpFormatter(
+            formatter_class=lambda prog: SanicHelpFormatter(
                prog,
                max_help_position=36 if width > 96 else 24,
                indent_increment=4,
@@ -58,16 +60,27 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
        self.main_process = (
            os.environ.get("SANIC_RELOADER_PROCESS", "") != "true"
        )
-        self.args: List[Any] = []
+        self.args: Namespace = Namespace()
        self.groups: List[Group] = []
+        self.inspecting = False

    def attach(self):
+        if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "inspect":
+            self.inspecting = True
+            self.parser.description = get_logo(True)
+            make_inspector_parser(self.parser)
+            return
+
        for group in Group._registry:
            instance = group.create(self.parser)
            instance.attach()
            self.groups.append(instance)

    def run(self, parse_args=None):
+        if self.inspecting:
+            self._inspector()
+            return
+
        legacy_version = False
        if not parse_args:
            # This is to provide backwards compat -v to display version
@@ -86,10 +99,7 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
        self.args = self.parser.parse_args(args=parse_args)
        self._precheck()
        app_loader = AppLoader(
-            self.args.module,
-            self.args.factory,
-            self.args.simple,
-            self.args,
+            self.args.target, self.args.factory, self.args.simple, self.args
        )

        try:
@@ -98,32 +108,46 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
        except ValueError as e:
            error_logger.exception(f"Failed to run app: {e}")
        else:
-            if self.args.inspect or self.args.inspect_raw or self.args.trigger:
-                os.environ["SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING"] = "true"
-            else:
-                for http_version in self.args.http:
-                    app.prepare(**kwargs, version=http_version)
-
-            if self.args.inspect or self.args.inspect_raw or self.args.trigger:
-                action = self.args.trigger or (
-                    "raw" if self.args.inspect_raw else "pretty"
-                )
-                inspect(
-                    app.config.INSPECTOR_HOST,
-                    app.config.INSPECTOR_PORT,
-                    action,
-                )
-                del os.environ["SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING"]
-                return
-
+            for http_version in self.args.http:
+                app.prepare(**kwargs, version=http_version)
            if self.args.single:
                serve = Sanic.serve_single
-            elif self.args.legacy:
-                serve = Sanic.serve_legacy
            else:
                serve = partial(Sanic.serve, app_loader=app_loader)
            serve(app)

+    def _inspector(self):
+        args = sys.argv[2:]
+        self.args, unknown = self.parser.parse_known_args(args=args)
+        if unknown:
+            for arg in unknown:
+                if arg.startswith("--"):
+                    try:
+                        key, value = arg.split("=")
+                        key = key.lstrip("-")
+                    except ValueError:
+                        value = False if arg.startswith("--no-") else True
+                        key = (
+                            arg.replace("--no-", "")
+                            .lstrip("-")
+                            .replace("-", "_")
+                        )
+                    setattr(self.args, key, value)
+
+        kwargs = {**self.args.__dict__}
+        host = kwargs.pop("host")
+        port = kwargs.pop("port")
+        secure = kwargs.pop("secure")
+        raw = kwargs.pop("raw")
+        action = kwargs.pop("action") or "info"
+        api_key = kwargs.pop("api_key")
+        positional = kwargs.pop("positional", None)
+        if action == "<custom>" and positional:
+            action = positional[0]
+            if len(positional) > 1:
+                kwargs["args"] = positional[1:]
+        InspectorClient(host, port, secure, raw, api_key).do(action, **kwargs)
+
    def _precheck(self):
        # Custom TLS mismatch handling for better diagnostics
        if self.main_process and (
@@ -145,8 +169,6 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
            )
            error_logger.error(message)
            sys.exit(1)
-        if self.args.inspect or self.args.inspect_raw:
-            logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

    def _get_app(self, app_loader: AppLoader):
        try:
@@ -194,7 +216,6 @@ Or, a path to a directory to run as a simple HTTP server:
            "workers": self.args.workers,
            "auto_tls": self.args.auto_tls,
            "single_process": self.args.single,
-            "legacy": self.args.legacy,
        }

        for maybe_arg in ("auto_reload", "dev"):
--- a/sanic/cli/arguments.py
+++ b/sanic/cli/arguments.py
@@ -57,11 +57,15 @@ class GeneralGroup(Group):
        )

        self.container.add_argument(
-            "module",
+            "target",
            help=(
-                "Path to your Sanic app. Example: path.to.server:app\n"
-                "If running a Simple Server, path to directory to serve. "
-                "Example: ./\n"
+                "Path to your Sanic app instance.\n"
+                "\tExample: path.to.server:app\n"
+                "If running a Simple Server, path to directory to serve.\n"
+                "\tExample: ./\n"
+                "Additionally, this can be a path to a factory function\n"
+                "that returns a Sanic app instance.\n"
+                "\tExample: path.to.server:create_app\n"
            ),
        )

@@ -89,32 +93,6 @@ class ApplicationGroup(Group):
                "a directory\n(module arg should be a path)"
            ),
        )
-        group.add_argument(
-            "--inspect",
-            dest="inspect",
-            action="store_true",
-            help=("Inspect the state of a running instance, human readable"),
-        )
-        group.add_argument(
-            "--inspect-raw",
-            dest="inspect_raw",
-            action="store_true",
-            help=("Inspect the state of a running instance, JSON output"),
-        )
-        group.add_argument(
-            "--trigger-reload",
-            dest="trigger",
-            action="store_const",
-            const="reload",
-            help=("Trigger worker processes to reload"),
-        )
-        group.add_argument(
-            "--trigger-shutdown",
-            dest="trigger",
-            action="store_const",
-            const="shutdown",
-            help=("Trigger all processes to shutdown"),
-        )


 class HTTPVersionGroup(Group):
@@ -243,11 +221,6 @@ class WorkerGroup(Group):
            action="store_true",
            help="Do not use multiprocessing, run server in a single process",
        )
-        self.container.add_argument(
-            "--legacy",
-            action="store_true",
-            help="Use the legacy server manager",
-        )
        self.add_bool_arguments(
            "--access-logs",
            dest="access_log",
--- a/sanic/cli/base.py
+++ b/sanic/cli/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from argparse import (
+    SUPPRESS,
+    Action,
+    ArgumentParser,
+    RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    _SubParsersAction,
+)
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class SanicArgumentParser(ArgumentParser):
+    def _check_value(self, action: Action, value: Any) -> None:
+        if isinstance(action, SanicSubParsersAction):
+            return
+        super()._check_value(action, value)
+
+
+class SanicHelpFormatter(RawTextHelpFormatter):
+    def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
+        if not usage:
+            usage = SUPPRESS
+            # Add one linebreak, but not two
+            self.add_text("\x1b[1A")
+        super().add_usage(usage, actions, groups, prefix)
+
+
+class SanicSubParsersAction(_SubParsersAction):
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        self._name_parser_map
+        parser_name = values[0]
+        if parser_name not in self._name_parser_map:
+            self._name_parser_map[parser_name] = parser
+            values = ["<custom>", *values]
+
+        super().__call__(parser, namespace, values, option_string)
--- a/sanic/cli/inspector.py
+++ b/sanic/cli/inspector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+
+from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
+from sanic.cli.base import SanicHelpFormatter, SanicSubParsersAction
+
+
+def _add_shared(parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--host",
+        "-H",
+        default="localhost",
+        help="Inspector host address [default 127.0.0.1]",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port",
+        "-p",
+        default=6457,
+        type=int,
+        help="Inspector port [default 6457]",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--secure",
+        "-s",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether to access the Inspector via TLS encryption",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--api-key", "-k", help="Inspector authentication key")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--raw",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether to output the raw response information",
+    )
+
+
+class InspectorSubParser(ArgumentParser):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        _add_shared(self)
+        if not self.description:
+            self.description = ""
+        self.description = get_logo(True) + self.description
+
+
+def make_inspector_parser(parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    _add_shared(parser)
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
+        action=SanicSubParsersAction,
+        dest="action",
+        description=(
+            "Run one or none of the below subcommands. Using inspect without "
+            "a subcommand will fetch general information about the state "
+            "of the application instance.\n\n"
+            "Or, you can optionally follow inspect with a subcommand. "
+            "If you have created a custom "
+            "Inspector instance, then you can run custom commands. See "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/inspector.html "
+            "for more details."
+        ),
+        title="  Subcommands",
+        parser_class=InspectorSubParser,
+    )
+    reloader = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "reload",
+        help="Trigger a reload of the server workers",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    reloader.add_argument(
+        "--zero-downtime",
+        action="store_true",
+        help=(
+            "Whether to wait for the new process to be online before "
+            "terminating the old"
+        ),
+    )
+    subparsers.add_parser(
+        "shutdown",
+        help="Shutdown the application and all processes",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    scale = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "scale",
+        help="Scale the number of workers",
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    scale.add_argument(
+        "replicas",
+        type=int,
+        help="Number of workers requested",
+    )
+
+    custom = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "<custom>",
+        help="Run a custom command",
+        description=(
+            "keyword arguments:\n  When running a custom command, you can "
+            "add keyword arguments by appending them to your command\n\n"
+            "\tsanic inspect foo --one=1 --two=2"
+        ),
+        formatter_class=SanicHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    custom.add_argument(
+        "positional",
+        nargs="*",
+        help="Add one or more non-keyword args to your custom command",
+    )
--- a/sanic/cli/inspector_client.py
+++ b/sanic/cli/inspector_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from http.client import RemoteDisconnected
+from textwrap import indent
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+from urllib.error import URLError
+from urllib.request import Request as URequest
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
+from sanic.application.motd import MOTDTTY
+from sanic.log import Colors
+
+
+try:  # no cov
+    from ujson import dumps, loads
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # no cov
+    from json import dumps, loads  # type: ignore
+
+
+class InspectorClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        secure: bool,
+        raw: bool,
+        api_key: Optional[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.scheme = "https" if secure else "http"
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.raw = raw
+        self.api_key = api_key
+
+        for scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            full = f"{scheme}://"
+            if self.host.startswith(full):
+                self.scheme = scheme
+                self.host = self.host[len(full) :]  # noqa E203
+
+    def do(self, action: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        if action == "info":
+            self.info()
+            return
+        result = self.request(action, **kwargs).get("result")
+        if result:
+            out = (
+                dumps(result)
+                if isinstance(result, (list, dict))
+                else str(result)
+            )
+            sys.stdout.write(out + "\n")
+
+    def info(self) -> None:
+        out = sys.stdout.write
+        response = self.request("", "GET")
+        if self.raw or not response:
+            return
+        data = response["result"]
+        display = data.pop("info")
+        extra = display.pop("extra", {})
+        display["packages"] = ", ".join(display["packages"])
+        MOTDTTY(get_logo(), self.base_url, display, extra).display(
+            version=False,
+            action="Inspecting",
+            out=out,
+        )
+        for name, info in data["workers"].items():
+            info = "\n".join(
+                f"\t{key}: {Colors.BLUE}{value}{Colors.END}"
+                for key, value in info.items()
+            )
+            out(
+                "\n"
+                + indent(
+                    "\n".join(
+                        [
+                            f"{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.SANIC}{name}{Colors.END}",
+                            info,
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                    "  ",
+                )
+                + "\n"
+            )
+
+    def request(self, action: str, method: str = "POST", **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        url = f"{self.base_url}/{action}"
+        params: Dict[str, Any] = {"method": method, "headers": {}}
+        if kwargs:
+            params["data"] = dumps(kwargs).encode()
+            params["headers"]["content-type"] = "application/json"
+        if self.api_key:
+            params["headers"]["authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.api_key}"
+        request = URequest(url, **params)
+
+        try:
+            with urlopen(request) as response:  # nosec B310
+                raw = response.read()
+                loaded = loads(raw)
+                if self.raw:
+                    sys.stdout.write(dumps(loaded.get("result")) + "\n")
+                    return {}
+                return loaded
+        except (URLError, RemoteDisconnected) as e:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                f"{Colors.RED}Could not connect to inspector at: "
+                f"{Colors.YELLOW}{self.base_url}{Colors.END}\n"
+                "Either the application is not running, or it did not start "
+                f"an inspector instance.\n{e}\n"
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self):
+        return f"{self.scheme}://{self.host}:{self.port}"
--- a/sanic/compat.py
+++ b/sanic/compat.py
@@ -3,11 +3,23 @@ import os
 import signal
 import sys

+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Awaitable
+from typing import Awaitable, Union

 from multidict import CIMultiDict  # type: ignore

+from sanic.helpers import Default
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    StartMethod = Union[Default, str]
+else:  # no cov
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    StartMethod = Union[
+        Default, Literal["fork"], Literal["forkserver"], Literal["spawn"]
+    ]

 OS_IS_WINDOWS = os.name == "nt"
 UVLOOP_INSTALLED = False
@@ -19,7 +31,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
    pass

-
 # Python 3.11 changed the way Enum formatting works for mixed-in types.
 if sys.version_info < (3, 11, 0):

@@ -45,6 +56,16 @@ class UpperStrEnum(StrEnum):
        return self.value


+@contextmanager
+def use_context(method: StartMethod):
+    from sanic import Sanic
+
+    orig = Sanic.start_method
+    Sanic.start_method = method
+    yield
+    Sanic.start_method = orig
+
+
 def enable_windows_color_support():
    import ctypes

@@ -67,6 +88,12 @@ class Header(CIMultiDict):
    very similar to a regular dictionary.
    """

+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        if key.startswith("_"):
+            return self.__getattribute__(key)
+        key = key.rstrip("_").replace("_", "-")
+        return ",".join(self.getall(key, default=[]))
+
    def get_all(self, key: str):
        """
        Convenience method mapped to ``getall()``.
--- a/sanic/config.py
+++ b/sanic/config.py
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations

 import sys

+from abc import ABCMeta
 from inspect import getmembers, isclass, isdatadescriptor
 from os import environ
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Union
 from warnings import filterwarnings

-from sanic.constants import LocalCertCreator, RestartOrder
+from sanic.constants import LocalCertCreator
 from sanic.errorpages import DEFAULT_FORMAT, check_error_format
 from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http import Http
@@ -46,6 +47,9 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
    "INSPECTOR": False,
    "INSPECTOR_HOST": "localhost",
    "INSPECTOR_PORT": 6457,
+    "INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY": _default,
+    "INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT": _default,
+    "INSPECTOR_API_KEY": "",
    "KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT": 5,  # 5 seconds
    "KEEP_ALIVE": True,
    "LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR": LocalCertCreator.AUTO,
@@ -63,7 +67,6 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
    "REQUEST_MAX_SIZE": 100000000,  # 100 megabytes
    "REQUEST_TIMEOUT": 60,  # 60 seconds
    "RESPONSE_TIMEOUT": 60,  # 60 seconds
-    "RESTART_ORDER": RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST,
    "TLS_CERT_PASSWORD": "",
    "TOUCHUP": _default,
    "USE_UVLOOP": _default,
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
 }


-class DescriptorMeta(type):
+class DescriptorMeta(ABCMeta):
    def __init__(cls, *_):
        cls.__setters__ = {name for name, _ in getmembers(cls, cls._is_setter)}

@@ -94,6 +97,9 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
    INSPECTOR: bool
    INSPECTOR_HOST: str
    INSPECTOR_PORT: int
+    INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY: Union[Path, str, Default]
+    INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT: Union[Path, str, Default]
+    INSPECTOR_API_KEY: str
    KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT: int
    KEEP_ALIVE: bool
    LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR: Union[str, LocalCertCreator]
@@ -111,7 +117,6 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
    REQUEST_MAX_SIZE: int
    REQUEST_TIMEOUT: int
    RESPONSE_TIMEOUT: int
-    RESTART_ORDER: Union[str, RestartOrder]
    SERVER_NAME: str
    TLS_CERT_PASSWORD: str
    TOUCHUP: Union[Default, bool]
@@ -122,7 +127,9 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):

    def __init__(
        self,
-        defaults: Dict[str, Union[str, bool, int, float, None]] = None,
+        defaults: Optional[
+            Dict[str, Union[str, bool, int, float, None]]
+        ] = None,
        env_prefix: Optional[str] = SANIC_PREFIX,
        keep_alive: Optional[bool] = None,
        *,
@@ -196,10 +203,6 @@ class Config(dict, metaclass=DescriptorMeta):
            self.LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR = LocalCertCreator[
                self.LOCAL_CERT_CREATOR.upper()
            ]
-        elif attr == "RESTART_ORDER" and not isinstance(
-            self.RESTART_ORDER, RestartOrder
-        ):
-            self.RESTART_ORDER = RestartOrder[self.RESTART_ORDER.upper()]
        elif attr == "DEPRECATION_FILTER":
            self._configure_warnings()

--- a/sanic/constants.py
+++ b/sanic/constants.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from sanic.compat import UpperStrEnum


 class HTTPMethod(UpperStrEnum):
-
    GET = auto()
    POST = auto()
    PUT = auto()
@@ -15,18 +14,11 @@ class HTTPMethod(UpperStrEnum):


 class LocalCertCreator(UpperStrEnum):
-
    AUTO = auto()
    TRUSTME = auto()
    MKCERT = auto()


-class RestartOrder(UpperStrEnum):
-
-    SHUTDOWN_FIRST = auto()
-    STARTUP_FIRST = auto()
-
-
 HTTP_METHODS = tuple(HTTPMethod.__members__.values())
 SAFE_HTTP_METHODS = (HTTPMethod.GET, HTTPMethod.HEAD, HTTPMethod.OPTIONS)
 IDEMPOTENT_HTTP_METHODS = (
--- a/sanic/cookies.py
+++ b/sanic/cookies.py
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-import re
-import string
-
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Dict
-
-
-DEFAULT_MAX_AGE = 0
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------ #
-#  SimpleCookie
-# ------------------------------------------------------------ #
-
-# Straight up copied this section of dark magic from SimpleCookie
-
-_LegalChars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~:"
-_UnescapedChars = _LegalChars + " ()/<=>?@[]{}"
-
-_Translator = {
-    n: "\\%03o" % n for n in set(range(256)) - set(map(ord, _UnescapedChars))
-}
-_Translator.update({ord('"'): '\\"', ord("\\"): "\\\\"})
-
-
-def _quote(str):
-    r"""Quote a string for use in a cookie header.
-    If the string does not need to be double-quoted, then just return the
-    string.  Otherwise, surround the string in doublequotes and quote
-    (with a \) special characters.
-    """
-    if str is None or _is_legal_key(str):
-        return str
-    else:
-        return '"' + str.translate(_Translator) + '"'
-
-
-_is_legal_key = re.compile("[%s]+" % re.escape(_LegalChars)).fullmatch
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------ #
-#  Custom SimpleCookie
-# ------------------------------------------------------------ #
-
-
-class CookieJar(dict):
-    """
-    CookieJar dynamically writes headers as cookies are added and removed
-    It gets around the limitation of one header per name by using the
-    MultiHeader class to provide a unique key that encodes to Set-Cookie.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, headers):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.headers: Dict[str, str] = headers
-        self.cookie_headers: Dict[str, str] = {}
-        self.header_key: str = "Set-Cookie"
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        # If this cookie doesn't exist, add it to the header keys
-        if not self.cookie_headers.get(key):
-            cookie = Cookie(key, value)
-            cookie["path"] = "/"
-            self.cookie_headers[key] = self.header_key
-            self.headers.add(self.header_key, cookie)
-            return super().__setitem__(key, cookie)
-        else:
-            self[key].value = value
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key):
-        if key not in self.cookie_headers:
-            self[key] = ""
-            self[key]["max-age"] = 0
-        else:
-            cookie_header = self.cookie_headers[key]
-            # remove it from header
-            cookies = self.headers.popall(cookie_header)
-            for cookie in cookies:
-                if cookie.key != key:
-                    self.headers.add(cookie_header, cookie)
-            del self.cookie_headers[key]
-            return super().__delitem__(key)
-
-
-class Cookie(dict):
-    """A stripped down version of Morsel from SimpleCookie #gottagofast"""
-
-    _keys = {
-        "expires": "expires",
-        "path": "Path",
-        "comment": "Comment",
-        "domain": "Domain",
-        "max-age": "Max-Age",
-        "secure": "Secure",
-        "httponly": "HttpOnly",
-        "version": "Version",
-        "samesite": "SameSite",
-    }
-    _flags = {"secure", "httponly"}
-
-    def __init__(self, key, value):
-        if key in self._keys:
-            raise KeyError("Cookie name is a reserved word")
-        if not _is_legal_key(key):
-            raise KeyError("Cookie key contains illegal characters")
-        self.key = key
-        self.value = value
-        super().__init__()
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        if key not in self._keys:
-            raise KeyError("Unknown cookie property")
-        if value is not False:
-            if key.lower() == "max-age":
-                if not str(value).isdigit():
-                    raise ValueError("Cookie max-age must be an integer")
-            elif key.lower() == "expires":
-                if not isinstance(value, datetime):
-                    raise TypeError(
-                        "Cookie 'expires' property must be a datetime"
-                    )
-            return super().__setitem__(key, value)
-
-    def encode(self, encoding):
-        """
-        Encode the cookie content in a specific type of encoding instructed
-        by the developer. Leverages the :func:`str.encode` method provided
-        by python.
-
-        This method can be used to encode and embed ``utf-8`` content into
-        the cookies.
-
-        :param encoding: Encoding to be used with the cookie
-        :return: Cookie encoded in a codec of choosing.
-        :except: UnicodeEncodeError
-        """
-        return str(self).encode(encoding)
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        """Format as a Set-Cookie header value."""
-        output = ["%s=%s" % (self.key, _quote(self.value))]
-        for key, value in self.items():
-            if key == "max-age":
-                try:
-                    output.append("%s=%d" % (self._keys[key], value))
-                except TypeError:
-                    output.append("%s=%s" % (self._keys[key], value))
-            elif key == "expires":
-                output.append(
-                    "%s=%s"
-                    % (self._keys[key], value.strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %T GMT"))
-                )
-            elif key in self._flags and self[key]:
-                output.append(self._keys[key])
-            else:
-                output.append("%s=%s" % (self._keys[key], value))
-
-        return "; ".join(output)
--- a/sanic/cookies/init.py
+++ b/sanic/cookies/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .response import Cookie, CookieJar
+
+
+__all__ = ("Cookie", "CookieJar")
--- a/sanic/cookies/request.py
+++ b/sanic/cookies/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import re
+
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from sanic.cookies.response import Cookie
+from sanic.log import deprecation
+from sanic.request.parameters import RequestParameters
+
+
+COOKIE_NAME_RESERVED_CHARS = re.compile(
+    '[\x00-\x1F\x7F-\xFF()<>@,;:\\\\"/[\\]?={} \x09]'
+)
+OCTAL_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\\[0-3][0-7][0-7]")
+QUOTE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"[\\].")
+
+
+def _unquote(str):  # no cov
+    if str is None or len(str) < 2:
+        return str
+    if str[0] != '"' or str[-1] != '"':
+        return str
+
+    str = str[1:-1]
+
+    i = 0
+    n = len(str)
+    res = []
+    while 0 <= i < n:
+        o_match = OCTAL_PATTERN.search(str, i)
+        q_match = QUOTE_PATTERN.search(str, i)
+        if not o_match and not q_match:
+            res.append(str[i:])
+            break
+        # else:
+        j = k = -1
+        if o_match:
+            j = o_match.start(0)
+        if q_match:
+            k = q_match.start(0)
+        if q_match and (not o_match or k < j):
+            res.append(str[i:k])
+            res.append(str[k + 1])
+            i = k + 2
+        else:
+            res.append(str[i:j])
+            res.append(chr(int(str[j + 1 : j + 4], 8)))  # noqa: E203
+            i = j + 4
+    return "".join(res)
+
+
+def parse_cookie(raw: str):
+    cookies: Dict[str, List] = {}
+
+    for token in raw.split(";"):
+        name, __, value = token.partition("=")
+        name = name.strip()
+        value = value.strip()
+
+        if not name:
+            continue
+
+        if COOKIE_NAME_RESERVED_CHARS.search(name):  # no cov
+            continue
+
+        if len(value) > 2 and value[0] == '"' and value[-1] == '"':  # no cov
+            value = _unquote(value)
+
+        if name in cookies:
+            cookies[name].append(value)
+        else:
+            cookies[name] = [value]
+
+    return cookies
+
+
+class CookieRequestParameters(RequestParameters):
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        deprecation(
+            f"You are accessing cookie key '{key}', which is currently in "
+            "compat mode returning a single cookie value. Starting in v24.3 "
+            "accessing a cookie value like this will return a list of values. "
+            "To avoid this behavior and continue accessing a single value, "
+            f"please upgrade from request.cookies['{key}'] to "
+            f"request.cookies.get('{key}'). See more details: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#request-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        try:
+            value = self._get_prefixed_cookie(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            value = super().__getitem__(key)
+        return value[0]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        if key.startswith("_"):
+            return self.__getattribute__(key)
+        key = key.rstrip("_").replace("_", "-")
+        return str(self.get(key, ""))
+
+    def get(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Optional[Any]:
+        try:
+            return self._get_prefixed_cookie(name)[0]
+        except KeyError:
+            return super().get(name, default)
+
+    def getlist(
+        self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None
+    ) -> Optional[Any]:
+        try:
+            return self._get_prefixed_cookie(name)
+        except KeyError:
+            return super().getlist(name, default)
+
+    def _get_prefixed_cookie(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        getitem = super().__getitem__
+        try:
+            return getitem(f"{Cookie.HOST_PREFIX}{name}")
+        except KeyError:
+            return getitem(f"{Cookie.SECURE_PREFIX}{name}")
--- a/sanic/cookies/response.py
+++ b/sanic/cookies/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import string
+import sys
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+
+from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.log import deprecation
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic.compat import Header
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    SameSite = str
+else:  # no cov
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    SameSite = Union[
+        Literal["Strict"],
+        Literal["Lax"],
+        Literal["None"],
+        Literal["strict"],
+        Literal["lax"],
+        Literal["none"],
+    ]
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_AGE = 0
+SAMESITE_VALUES = ("strict", "lax", "none")
+
+LEGAL_CHARS = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~:"
+UNESCAPED_CHARS = LEGAL_CHARS + " ()/<=>?@[]{}"
+TRANSLATOR = {ch: f"\\{ch:03o}" for ch in bytes(range(32)) + b'";\\\x7F'}
+
+
+def _quote(str):  # no cov
+    r"""Quote a string for use in a cookie header.
+    If the string does not need to be double-quoted, then just return the
+    string.  Otherwise, surround the string in doublequotes and quote
+    (with a \) special characters.
+    """
+    if str is None or _is_legal_key(str):
+        return str
+    else:
+        return f'"{str.translate(TRANSLATOR)}"'
+
+
+_is_legal_key = re.compile("[%s]+" % re.escape(LEGAL_CHARS)).fullmatch
+
+
+# In v24.3, we should remove this as being a subclass of dict
+class CookieJar(dict):
+    """
+    CookieJar dynamically writes headers as cookies are added and removed
+    It gets around the limitation of one header per name by using the
+    MultiHeader class to provide a unique key that encodes to Set-Cookie.
+    """
+
+    HEADER_KEY = "Set-Cookie"
+
+    def __init__(self, headers: Header):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        # If this cookie doesn't exist, add it to the header keys
+        deprecation(
+            "Setting cookie values using the dict pattern has been "
+            "deprecated. You should instead use the cookies.add_cookie "
+            "method. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            0,
+        )
+        if key not in self:
+            self.add_cookie(key, value, secure=False, samesite=None)
+        else:
+            self[key].value = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        deprecation(
+            "Deleting cookie values using the dict pattern has been "
+            "deprecated. You should instead use the cookies.delete_cookie "
+            "method. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            0,
+        )
+        if key in self:
+            super().__delitem__(key)
+        self.delete_cookie(key)
+
+    def __len__(self):  # no cov
+        return len(self.cookies)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Cookie:
+        deprecation(
+            "Accessing cookies from the CookieJar by dict key is deprecated. "
+            "You should instead use the cookies.get_cookie method. "
+            "To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            0,
+        )
+        return super().__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __iter__(self):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Iterating over the CookieJar has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in v24.3. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return super().__iter__()
+
+    def keys(self):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Accessing CookieJar.keys() has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in v24.3. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return super().keys()
+
+    def values(self):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Accessing CookieJar.values() has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in v24.3. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return super().values()
+
+    def items(self):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Accessing CookieJar.items() has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in v24.3. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return super().items()
+
+    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Accessing cookies from the CookieJar using get is deprecated "
+            "and will be removed in v24.3. You should instead use the "
+            "cookies.get_cookie method. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return super().get(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pop(self, key, *args, **kwargs):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "Using CookieJar.pop() has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in v24.3. To learn more, please see: "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/release-notes/v23.3.html#response-cookies",  # noqa
+            24.3,
+        )
+        self.delete(key)
+        return super().pop(key, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def header_key(self):  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "The CookieJar.header_key property has been deprecated and will "
+            "be removed in version 24.3. Use CookieJar.HEADER_KEY. ",
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return CookieJar.HEADER_KEY
+
+    @property
+    def cookie_headers(self) -> Dict[str, str]:  # no cov
+        deprecation(
+            "The CookieJar.coookie_headers property has been deprecated "
+            "and will be removed in version 24.3. If you need to check if a "
+            "particular cookie key has been set, use CookieJar.has_cookie.",
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return {key: self.header_key for key in self}
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> List[Cookie]:
+        return self.headers.getall(self.HEADER_KEY)
+
+    def get_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> Optional[Cookie]:
+        for cookie in self.cookies:
+            if (
+                cookie.key == Cookie.make_key(key, host_prefix, secure_prefix)
+                and cookie.path == path
+                and cookie.domain == domain
+            ):
+                return cookie
+        return None
+
+    def has_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> bool:
+        for cookie in self.cookies:
+            if (
+                cookie.key == Cookie.make_key(key, host_prefix, secure_prefix)
+                and cookie.path == path
+                and cookie.domain == domain
+            ):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def add_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str,
+        *,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        secure: bool = True,
+        max_age: Optional[int] = None,
+        expires: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Optional[SameSite] = "Lax",
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+        comment: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> Cookie:
+        """
+        Add a cookie to the CookieJar
+
+        :param key: Key of the cookie
+        :type key: str
+        :param value: Value of the cookie
+        :type value: str
+        :param path: Path of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type path: Optional[str], optional
+        :param domain: Domain of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type domain: Optional[str], optional
+        :param secure: Whether to set it as a secure cookie, defaults to True
+        :type secure: bool
+        :param max_age: Max age of the cookie in seconds; if set to 0 a
+            browser should delete it, defaults to None
+        :type max_age: Optional[int], optional
+        :param expires: When the cookie expires; if set to None browsers
+            should set it as a session cookie, defaults to None
+        :type expires: Optional[datetime], optional
+        :param httponly: Whether to set it as HTTP only, defaults to False
+        :type httponly: bool
+        :param samesite: How to set the samesite property, should be
+            strict, lax or none (case insensitive), defaults to Lax
+        :type samesite: Optional[SameSite], optional
+        :param partitioned: Whether to set it as partitioned, defaults to False
+        :type partitioned: bool
+        :param comment: A cookie comment, defaults to None
+        :type comment: Optional[str], optional
+        :param host_prefix: Whether to add __Host- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that path="/", domain=None, and secure=True,
+            defaults to False
+        :type host_prefix: bool
+        :param secure_prefix: Whether to add __Secure- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that secure=True, defaults to False
+        :type secure_prefix: bool
+        :return: The instance of the created cookie
+        :rtype: Cookie
+        """
+        cookie = Cookie(
+            key,
+            value,
+            path=path,
+            expires=expires,
+            comment=comment,
+            domain=domain,
+            max_age=max_age,
+            secure=secure,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            samesite=samesite,
+            partitioned=partitioned,
+            host_prefix=host_prefix,
+            secure_prefix=secure_prefix,
+        )
+        self.headers.add(self.HEADER_KEY, cookie)
+
+        # This should be removed in v24.3
+        super().__setitem__(key, cookie)
+
+        return cookie
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        *,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a cookie
+
+        This will effectively set it as Max-Age: 0, which a browser should
+        interpret it to mean: "delete the cookie".
+
+        Since it is a browser/client implementation, your results may vary
+        depending upon which client is being used.
+
+        :param key: The key to be deleted
+        :type key: str
+        :param path: Path of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type path: Optional[str], optional
+        :param domain: Domain of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type domain: Optional[str], optional
+        :param host_prefix: Whether to add __Host- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that path="/", domain=None, and secure=True,
+            defaults to False
+        :type host_prefix: bool
+        :param secure_prefix: Whether to add __Secure- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that secure=True, defaults to False
+        :type secure_prefix: bool
+        """
+        # remove it from header
+        cookies: List[Cookie] = self.headers.popall(self.HEADER_KEY, [])
+        for cookie in cookies:
+            if (
+                cookie.key != Cookie.make_key(key, host_prefix, secure_prefix)
+                or cookie.path != path
+                or cookie.domain != domain
+            ):
+                self.headers.add(self.HEADER_KEY, cookie)
+
+        # This should be removed in v24.3
+        try:
+            super().__delitem__(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            ...
+
+        self.add_cookie(
+            key=key,
+            value="",
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            max_age=0,
+            samesite=None,
+            host_prefix=host_prefix,
+            secure_prefix=secure_prefix,
+        )
+
+
+# In v24.3, we should remove this as being a subclass of dict
+# Instead, it should be an object with __slots__
+# All of the current property accessors should be removed in favor
+# of actual slotted properties.
+class Cookie(dict):
+    """A stripped down version of Morsel from SimpleCookie"""
+
+    HOST_PREFIX = "__Host-"
+    SECURE_PREFIX = "__Secure-"
+
+    _keys = {
+        "path": "Path",
+        "comment": "Comment",
+        "domain": "Domain",
+        "max-age": "Max-Age",
+        "expires": "expires",
+        "samesite": "SameSite",
+        "version": "Version",
+        "secure": "Secure",
+        "httponly": "HttpOnly",
+        "partitioned": "Partitioned",
+    }
+    _flags = {"secure", "httponly", "partitioned"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str,
+        *,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        secure: bool = True,
+        max_age: Optional[int] = None,
+        expires: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Optional[SameSite] = "Lax",
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+        comment: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if key in self._keys:
+            raise KeyError("Cookie name is a reserved word")
+        if not _is_legal_key(key):
+            raise KeyError("Cookie key contains illegal characters")
+        if host_prefix:
+            if not secure:
+                raise ServerError(
+                    "Cannot set host_prefix on a cookie without secure=True"
+                )
+            if path != "/":
+                raise ServerError(
+                    "Cannot set host_prefix on a cookie unless path='/'"
+                )
+            if domain:
+                raise ServerError(
+                    "Cannot set host_prefix on a cookie with a defined domain"
+                )
+        elif secure_prefix and not secure:
+            raise ServerError(
+                "Cannot set secure_prefix on a cookie without secure=True"
+            )
+        if partitioned and not host_prefix:
+            # This is technically possible, but it is not advisable so we will
+            # take a stand and say "don't shoot yourself in the foot"
+            raise ServerError(
+                "Cannot create a partitioned cookie without "
+                "also setting host_prefix=True"
+            )
+
+        self.key = self.make_key(key, host_prefix, secure_prefix)
+        self.value = value
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # This is a temporary solution while this object is a dict. We update
+        # all of the values in bulk, except for the values that have
+        # key-specific validation in _set_value
+        self.update(
+            {
+                "path": path,
+                "comment": comment,
+                "domain": domain,
+                "secure": secure,
+                "httponly": httponly,
+                "partitioned": partitioned,
+                "expires": None,
+                "max-age": None,
+                "samesite": None,
+            }
+        )
+        if expires is not None:
+            self._set_value("expires", expires)
+        if max_age is not None:
+            self._set_value("max-age", max_age)
+        if samesite is not None:
+            self._set_value("samesite", samesite)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        deprecation(
+            "Setting values on a Cookie object as a dict has been deprecated. "
+            "This feature will be removed in v24.3. You should instead set "
+            f"values on cookies as object properties: cookie.{key}=... ",
+            24.3,
+        )
+        self._set_value(key, value)
+
+    # This is a temporary method for backwards compat and should be removed
+    # in v24.3 when this is no longer a dict
+    def _set_value(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if key not in self._keys:
+            raise KeyError("Unknown cookie property: %s=%s" % (key, value))
+
+        if value is not None:
+            if key.lower() == "max-age" and not str(value).isdigit():
+                raise ValueError("Cookie max-age must be an integer")
+            elif key.lower() == "expires" and not isinstance(value, datetime):
+                raise TypeError("Cookie 'expires' property must be a datetime")
+            elif key.lower() == "samesite":
+                if value.lower() not in SAMESITE_VALUES:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Cookie 'samesite' property must "
+                        f"be one of: {','.join(SAMESITE_VALUES)}"
+                    )
+                value = value.title()
+
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    def encode(self, encoding):
+        """
+        Encode the cookie content in a specific type of encoding instructed
+        by the developer. Leverages the :func:`str.encode` method provided
+        by python.
+
+        This method can be used to encode and embed ``utf-8`` content into
+        the cookies.
+
+        :param encoding: Encoding to be used with the cookie
+        :return: Cookie encoded in a codec of choosing.
+        :except: UnicodeEncodeError
+        """
+        deprecation(
+            "Direct encoding of a Cookie object has been deprecated and will "
+            "be removed in v24.3.",
+            24.3,
+        )
+        return str(self).encode(encoding)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Format as a Set-Cookie header value."""
+        output = ["%s=%s" % (self.key, _quote(self.value))]
+        key_index = list(self._keys)
+        for key, value in sorted(
+            self.items(), key=lambda x: key_index.index(x[0])
+        ):
+            if value is not None and value is not False:
+                if key == "max-age":
+                    try:
+                        output.append("%s=%d" % (self._keys[key], value))
+                    except TypeError:
+                        output.append("%s=%s" % (self._keys[key], value))
+                elif key == "expires":
+                    output.append(
+                        "%s=%s"
+                        % (
+                            self._keys[key],
+                            value.strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %T GMT"),
+                        )
+                    )
+                elif key in self._flags:
+                    output.append(self._keys[key])
+                else:
+                    output.append("%s=%s" % (self._keys[key], value))
+
+        return "; ".join(output)
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:  # no cov
+        return self["path"]
+
+    @path.setter
+    def path(self, value: str) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("path", value)
+
+    @property
+    def expires(self) -> Optional[datetime]:  # no cov
+        return self.get("expires")
+
+    @expires.setter
+    def expires(self, value: datetime) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("expires", value)
+
+    @property
+    def comment(self) -> Optional[str]:  # no cov
+        return self.get("comment")
+
+    @comment.setter
+    def comment(self, value: str) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("comment", value)
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self) -> Optional[str]:  # no cov
+        return self.get("domain")
+
+    @domain.setter
+    def domain(self, value: str) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("domain", value)
+
+    @property
+    def max_age(self) -> Optional[int]:  # no cov
+        return self.get("max-age")
+
+    @max_age.setter
+    def max_age(self, value: int) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("max-age", value)
+
+    @property
+    def secure(self) -> bool:  # no cov
+        return self.get("secure", False)
+
+    @secure.setter
+    def secure(self, value: bool) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("secure", value)
+
+    @property
+    def httponly(self) -> bool:  # no cov
+        return self.get("httponly", False)
+
+    @httponly.setter
+    def httponly(self, value: bool) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("httponly", value)
+
+    @property
+    def samesite(self) -> Optional[SameSite]:  # no cov
+        return self.get("samesite")
+
+    @samesite.setter
+    def samesite(self, value: SameSite) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("samesite", value)
+
+    @property
+    def partitioned(self) -> bool:  # no cov
+        return self.get("partitioned", False)
+
+    @partitioned.setter
+    def partitioned(self, value: bool) -> None:  # no cov
+        self._set_value("partitioned", value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_key(
+        cls, key: str, host_prefix: bool = False, secure_prefix: bool = False
+    ) -> str:
+        if host_prefix and secure_prefix:
+            raise ServerError(
+                "Both host_prefix and secure_prefix were requested. "
+                "A cookie should have only one prefix."
+            )
+        elif host_prefix:
+            key = cls.HOST_PREFIX + key
+        elif secure_prefix:
+            key = cls.SECURE_PREFIX + key
+        return key
--- a/sanic/errorpages.py
+++ b/sanic/errorpages.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Setting ``app.config.FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "auto"`` will enable a switch that
 will attempt to provide an appropriate response format based upon the
 request type.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations

 import sys
 import typing as t
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ from traceback import extract_tb

 from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, SanicException
 from sanic.helpers import STATUS_CODES
-from sanic.request import Request
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, html, json, text
+from sanic.log import deprecation, logger
+from sanic.pages.error import ErrorPage
+from sanic.response import html, json, text


 dumps: t.Callable[..., str]
@@ -33,13 +35,15 @@ try:
 except ImportError:  # noqa
    from json import dumps

+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sanic import HTTPResponse, Request

 DEFAULT_FORMAT = "auto"
-FALLBACK_TEXT = (
-    "The server encountered an internal error and "
-    "cannot complete your request."
-)
+FALLBACK_TEXT = """\
+The application encountered an unexpected error and could not continue.\
+"""
 FALLBACK_STATUS = 500
+JSON = "application/json"


 class BaseRenderer:
@@ -113,134 +117,18 @@ class HTMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
    The default fallback type.
    """

-    TRACEBACK_STYLE = """
-        html { font-family: sans-serif }
-        h2 { color: #888; }
-        .tb-wrapper p, dl, dd { margin: 0 }
-        .frame-border { margin: 1rem }
-        .frame-line > *, dt, dd { padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem }
-        .frame-line, dl { margin-bottom: 0.3rem }
-        .frame-code, dd { font-size: 16px; padding-left: 4ch }
-        .tb-wrapper, dl { border: 1px solid #eee }
-        .tb-header,.obj-header {
-            background: #eee; padding: 0.3rem; font-weight: bold
-        }
-        .frame-descriptor, dt { background: #e2eafb; font-size: 14px }
-    """
-    TRACEBACK_WRAPPER_HTML = (
-        "<div class=tb-header>{exc_name}: {exc_value}</div>"
-        "<div class=tb-wrapper>{frame_html}</div>"
-    )
-    TRACEBACK_BORDER = (
-        "<div class=frame-border>"
-        "The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:"
-        "</div>"
-    )
-    TRACEBACK_LINE_HTML = (
-        "<div class=frame-line>"
-        "<p class=frame-descriptor>"
-        "File {0.filename}, line <i>{0.lineno}</i>, "
-        "in <code><b>{0.name}</b></code>"
-        "<p class=frame-code><code>{0.line}</code>"
-        "</div>"
-    )
-    OBJECT_WRAPPER_HTML = (
-        "<div class=obj-header>{title}</div>"
-        "<dl class={obj_type}>{display_html}</dl>"
-    )
-    OBJECT_DISPLAY_HTML = "<dt>{key}</dt><dd><code>{value}</code></dd>"
-    OUTPUT_HTML = (
-        "<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en>"
-        "<meta charset=UTF-8><title>{title}</title>\n"
-        "<style>{style}</style>\n"
-        "<h1>{title}</h1><p>{text}\n"
-        "{body}"
-    )
-
    def full(self) -> HTTPResponse:
-        return html(
-            self.OUTPUT_HTML.format(
-                title=self.title,
-                text=self.text,
-                style=self.TRACEBACK_STYLE,
-                body=self._generate_body(full=True),
-            ),
-            status=self.status,
+        page = ErrorPage(
+            debug=self.debug,
+            title=super().title,
+            text=super().text,
+            request=self.request,
+            exc=self.exception,
        )
+        return html(page.render(), status=self.status, headers=self.headers)

    def minimal(self) -> HTTPResponse:
-        return html(
-            self.OUTPUT_HTML.format(
-                title=self.title,
-                text=self.text,
-                style=self.TRACEBACK_STYLE,
-                body=self._generate_body(full=False),
-            ),
-            status=self.status,
-            headers=self.headers,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def text(self):
-        return escape(super().text)
-
-    @property
-    def title(self):
-        return escape(f"⚠️ {super().title}")
-
-    def _generate_body(self, *, full):
-        lines = []
-        if full:
-            _, exc_value, __ = sys.exc_info()
-            exceptions = []
-            while exc_value:
-                exceptions.append(self._format_exc(exc_value))
-                exc_value = exc_value.__cause__
-
-            traceback_html = self.TRACEBACK_BORDER.join(reversed(exceptions))
-            appname = escape(self.request.app.name)
-            name = escape(self.exception.__class__.__name__)
-            value = escape(self.exception)
-            path = escape(self.request.path)
-            lines += [
-                f"<h2>Traceback of {appname} " "(most recent call last):</h2>",
-                f"{traceback_html}",
-                "<div class=summary><p>",
-                f"<b>{name}: {value}</b> "
-                f"while handling path <code>{path}</code>",
-                "</div>",
-            ]
-
-        for attr, display in (("context", True), ("extra", bool(full))):
-            info = getattr(self.exception, attr, None)
-            if info and display:
-                lines.append(self._generate_object_display(info, attr))
-
-        return "\n".join(lines)
-
-    def _generate_object_display(
-        self, obj: t.Dict[str, t.Any], descriptor: str
-    ) -> str:
-        display = "".join(
-            self.OBJECT_DISPLAY_HTML.format(key=key, value=value)
-            for key, value in obj.items()
-        )
-        return self.OBJECT_WRAPPER_HTML.format(
-            title=descriptor.title(),
-            display_html=display,
-            obj_type=descriptor.lower(),
-        )
-
-    def _format_exc(self, exc):
-        frames = extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)
-        frame_html = "".join(
-            self.TRACEBACK_LINE_HTML.format(frame) for frame in frames
-        )
-        return self.TRACEBACK_WRAPPER_HTML.format(
-            exc_name=escape(exc.__class__.__name__),
-            exc_value=escape(exc),
-            frame_html=frame_html,
-        )
+        return self.full()


 class TextRenderer(BaseRenderer):
@@ -388,32 +276,26 @@ def escape(text):
    return f"{text}".replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;")


-RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG = {
-    "html": HTMLRenderer,
-    "json": JSONRenderer,
-    "text": TextRenderer,
+MIME_BY_CONFIG = {
+    "text": "text/plain",
+    "json": "application/json",
+    "html": "text/html",
 }
-
+CONFIG_BY_MIME = {v: k for k, v in MIME_BY_CONFIG.items()}
 RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE = {
    "text/plain": TextRenderer,
    "application/json": JSONRenderer,
    "multipart/form-data": HTMLRenderer,
    "text/html": HTMLRenderer,
 }
-CONTENT_TYPE_BY_RENDERERS = {
-    v: k for k, v in RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.items()
-}

+# Handler source code is checked for which response types it returns with the
+# route error_format="auto" (default) to determine which format to use.
 RESPONSE_MAPPING = {
-    "empty": "html",
    "json": "json",
    "text": "text",
-    "raw": "text",
    "html": "html",
-    "file": "html",
-    "file_stream": "text",
-    "stream": "text",
-    "redirect": "html",
+    "JSONResponse": "json",
    "text/plain": "text",
    "text/html": "html",
    "application/json": "json",
@@ -421,7 +303,7 @@ RESPONSE_MAPPING = {


 def check_error_format(format):
-    if format not in RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG and format != "auto":
+    if format not in MIME_BY_CONFIG and format != "auto":
        raise SanicException(f"Unknown format: {format}")


@@ -436,98 +318,68 @@ def exception_response(
    """
    Render a response for the default FALLBACK exception handler.
    """
-    content_type = None
-
    if not renderer:
-        # Make sure we have something set
-        renderer = base
-        render_format = fallback
-
-        if request:
-            # If there is a request, try and get the format
-            # from the route
-            if request.route:
-                try:
-                    if request.route.extra.error_format:
-                        render_format = request.route.extra.error_format
-                except AttributeError:
-                    ...
-
-            content_type = request.headers.getone("content-type", "").split(
-                ";"
-            )[0]
-
-            acceptable = request.accept
-
-            # If the format is auto still, make a guess
-            if render_format == "auto":
-                # First, if there is an Accept header, check if text/html
-                # is the first option
-                # According to MDN Web Docs, all major browsers use text/html
-                # as the primary value in Accept (with the exception of IE 8,
-                # and, well, if you are supporting IE 8, then you have bigger
-                # problems to concern yourself with than what default exception
-                # renderer is used)
-                # Source:
-                # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content_negotiation/List_of_default_Accept_values
-
-                if acceptable and acceptable[0].match(
-                    "text/html",
-                    allow_type_wildcard=False,
-                    allow_subtype_wildcard=False,
-                ):
-                    renderer = HTMLRenderer
-
-                # Second, if there is an Accept header, check if
-                # application/json is an option, or if the content-type
-                # is application/json
-                elif (
-                    acceptable
-                    and acceptable.match(
-                        "application/json",
-                        allow_type_wildcard=False,
-                        allow_subtype_wildcard=False,
-                    )
-                    or content_type == "application/json"
-                ):
-                    renderer = JSONRenderer
-
-                # Third, if there is no Accept header, assume we want text.
-                # The likely use case here is a raw socket.
-                elif not acceptable:
-                    renderer = TextRenderer
-                else:
-                    # Fourth, look to see if there was a JSON body
-                    # When in this situation, the request is probably coming
-                    # from curl, an API client like Postman or Insomnia, or a
-                    # package like requests or httpx
-                    try:
-                        # Give them the benefit of the doubt if they did:
-                        # $ curl localhost:8000 -d '{"foo": "bar"}'
-                        # And provide them with JSONRenderer
-                        renderer = JSONRenderer if request.json else base
-                    except BadRequest:
-                        renderer = base
-            else:
-                renderer = RENDERERS_BY_CONFIG.get(render_format, renderer)
-
-            # Lastly, if there is an Accept header, make sure
-            # our choice is okay
-            if acceptable:
-                type_ = CONTENT_TYPE_BY_RENDERERS.get(renderer)  # type: ignore
-                if type_ and type_ not in acceptable:
-                    # If the renderer selected is not in the Accept header
-                    # look through what is in the Accept header, and select
-                    # the first option that matches. Otherwise, just drop back
-                    # to the original default
-                    for accept in acceptable:
-                        mtype = f"{accept.type_}/{accept.subtype}"
-                        maybe = RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.get(mtype)
-                        if maybe:
-                            renderer = maybe
-                            break
-                    else:
-                        renderer = base
+        mt = guess_mime(request, fallback)
+        renderer = RENDERERS_BY_CONTENT_TYPE.get(mt, base)

    renderer = t.cast(t.Type[BaseRenderer], renderer)
    return renderer(request, exception, debug).render()
+
+
+def guess_mime(req: Request, fallback: str) -> str:
+    # Attempt to find a suitable MIME format for the response.
+    # Insertion-ordered map of formats["html"] = "source of that suggestion"
+    formats = {}
+    name = ""
+    # Route error_format (by magic from handler code if auto, the default)
+    if req.route:
+        name = req.route.name
+        f = req.route.extra.error_format
+        if f in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+            formats[f] = name
+
+    if not formats and fallback in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+        formats[fallback] = "FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT"
+
+    # If still not known, check for the request for clues of JSON
+    if not formats and fallback == "auto" and req.accept.match(JSON):
+        if JSON in req.accept:  # Literally, not wildcard
+            formats["json"] = "request.accept"
+        elif JSON in req.headers.getone("content-type", ""):
+            formats["json"] = "content-type"
+        # DEPRECATION: Remove this block in 24.3
+        else:
+            c = None
+            try:
+                c = req.json
+            except BadRequest:
+                pass
+            if c:
+                formats["json"] = "request.json"
+                deprecation(
+                    "Response type was determined by the JSON content of "
+                    "the request. This behavior is deprecated and will be "
+                    "removed in v24.3. Please specify the format either by\n"
+                    f'  error_format="json" on route {name}, by\n'
+                    '  FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT = "json", or by adding header\n'
+                    "  accept: application/json to your requests.",
+                    24.3,
+                )
+
+    # Any other supported formats
+    if fallback == "auto":
+        for k in MIME_BY_CONFIG:
+            if k not in formats:
+                formats[k] = "any"
+
+    mimes = [MIME_BY_CONFIG[k] for k in formats]
+    m = req.accept.match(*mimes)
+    if m:
+        format = CONFIG_BY_MIME[m.mime]
+        source = formats[format]
+        logger.debug(
+            f"The client accepts {m.header}, using '{format}' from {source}"
+        )
+    else:
+        logger.debug(f"No format found, the client accepts {req.accept!r}")
+    return m.mime
--- a/sanic/exceptions.py
+++ b/sanic/exceptions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-from asyncio import CancelledError
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from asyncio import CancelledError, Protocol
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Union

 from sanic.helpers import STATUS_CODES

@@ -9,51 +10,158 @@ class RequestCancelled(CancelledError):


 class ServerKilled(Exception):
-    ...
+    """
+    Exception Sanic server uses when killing a server process for something
+    unexpected happening.
+    """


 class SanicException(Exception):
+    """
+    Generic exception that will generate an HTTP response when raised
+    in the context of a request lifecycle.
+
+    Usually it is best practice to use one of the more specific exceptions
+    than this generic. Even when trying to raise a 500, it is generally
+    preferrable to use :class:`.ServerError`
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        raise SanicException(
+            "Something went wrong",
+            status_code=999,
+            context={
+                "info": "Some additional details",
+            },
+            headers={
+                "X-Foo": "bar"
+            }
+        )
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the appropriate HTTP response status message will be used
+        instead, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param status_code: The HTTP response code to send, if applicable. If
+        ``None``, then it will be 500, defaults to None
+    :type status_code: Optional[int], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    """
+
+    status_code: int = 500
+    quiet: Optional[bool] = False
+    headers: Dict[str, str] = {}
    message: str = ""

    def __init__(
        self,
        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.context = context
        self.extra = extra
+        status_code = status_code or getattr(
+            self.__class__, "status_code", None
+        )
+        quiet = quiet or getattr(self.__class__, "quiet", None)
+        headers = headers or getattr(self.__class__, "headers", {})
        if message is None:
            if self.message:
                message = self.message
-            elif status_code is not None:
+            elif status_code:
                msg: bytes = STATUS_CODES.get(status_code, b"")
                message = msg.decode("utf8")

        super().__init__(message)

-        if status_code is not None:
-            self.status_code = status_code
-
-        # quiet=None/False/True with None meaning choose by status
-        if quiet or quiet is None and status_code not in (None, 500):
-            self.quiet = True
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self.headers = headers


-class NotFound(SanicException):
+class HTTPException(SanicException):
+    """
+    A base class for other exceptions and should not be called directly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )
+
+
+class NotFound(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 404 Not Found
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Not Found' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 404
    quiet = True


-class BadRequest(SanicException):
+class BadRequest(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 400 Bad Request
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Bad Request' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 400
@@ -61,51 +169,133 @@ class BadRequest(SanicException):


 InvalidUsage = BadRequest
+BadURL = BadRequest


-class BadURL(BadRequest):
-    ...
-
-
-class MethodNotAllowed(SanicException):
+class MethodNotAllowed(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 405 Method Not Allowed
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Method Not Allowed' will be sent,
+        defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param method: The HTTP method that was used, defaults to  an empty string
+    :type method: Optional[str], optional
+    :param allowed_methods: The HTTP methods that can be used instead of the
+        one that was attempted
+    :type allowed_methods: Optional[Sequence[str]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 405
    quiet = True

-    def __init__(self, message, method, allowed_methods):
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(allowed_methods)}
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        method: str = "",
+        allowed_methods: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            message,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )
+        if allowed_methods:
+            self.headers = {
+                **self.headers,
+                "Allow": ", ".join(allowed_methods),
+            }
+        self.method = method
+        self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods


 MethodNotSupported = MethodNotAllowed


-class ServerError(SanicException):
+class ServerError(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 500 Internal Server Error
+
+    A general server-side error has occurred. If no other HTTP exception is
+    appropriate, then this should be used
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Internal Server Error' will be sent,
+         defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 500


-class ServiceUnavailable(SanicException):
+InternalServerError = ServerError
+
+
+class ServiceUnavailable(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 503 Service Unavailable

    The server is currently unavailable (because it is overloaded or
    down for maintenance). Generally, this is a temporary state.
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Bad Request' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 503
    quiet = True


-class URLBuildError(ServerError):
+class URLBuildError(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 500 Internal Server Error
+
+    An exception used by Sanic internals when unable to build a URL.
    """

    status_code = 500
@@ -114,30 +304,77 @@ class URLBuildError(ServerError):
 class FileNotFound(NotFound):
    """
    **Status**: 404 Not Found
+
+    A specific form of :class:`.NotFound` that is specifically when looking
+    for a file on the file system at a known path.
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Not Found' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param path: The path, if any, to the file that could not
+        be found, defaults to None
+    :type path: Optional[PathLike], optional
+    :param relative_url: A relative URL of the file, defaults to None
+    :type relative_url: Optional[str], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

-    def __init__(self, message, path, relative_url):
-        super().__init__(message)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        path: Optional[PathLike] = None,
+        relative_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            message,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )
        self.path = path
        self.relative_url = relative_url


-class RequestTimeout(SanicException):
-    """The Web server (running the Web site) thinks that there has been too
+class RequestTimeout(HTTPException):
+    """
+    The Web server (running the Web site) thinks that there has been too
    long an interval of time between 1) the establishment of an IP
    connection (socket) between the client and the server and
    2) the receipt of any data on that socket, so the server has dropped
    the connection. The socket connection has actually been lost - the Web
    server has 'timed out' on that particular socket connection.
+
+    This is an internal exception thrown by Sanic and should not be used
+    directly.
    """

    status_code = 408
    quiet = True


-class PayloadTooLarge(SanicException):
+class PayloadTooLarge(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 413 Payload Too Large
+
+    This is an internal exception thrown by Sanic and should not be used
+    directly.
    """

    status_code = 413
@@ -147,34 +384,126 @@ class PayloadTooLarge(SanicException):
 class HeaderNotFound(BadRequest):
    """
    **Status**: 400 Bad Request
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Bad Request' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """


 class InvalidHeader(BadRequest):
    """
    **Status**: 400 Bad Request
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Bad Request' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """


-class RangeNotSatisfiable(SanicException):
+class ContentRange(Protocol):
+    total: int
+
+
+class RangeNotSatisfiable(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 416 Range Not Satisfiable
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Range Not Satisfiable' will be sent,
+        defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param content_range: An object meeting the :class:`.ContentRange` protocol
+        that has a ``total`` property, defaults to None
+    :type content_range: Optional[ContentRange], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 416
    quiet = True

-    def __init__(self, message, content_range):
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.headers = {"Content-Range": f"bytes */{content_range.total}"}
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        content_range: Optional[ContentRange] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            message,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )
+        if content_range is not None:
+            self.headers = {
+                **self.headers,
+                "Content-Range": f"bytes */{content_range.total}",
+            }


 ContentRangeError = RangeNotSatisfiable


-class ExpectationFailed(SanicException):
+class ExpectationFailed(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 417 Expectation Failed
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Expectation Failed' will be sent,
+        defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 417
@@ -184,9 +513,25 @@ class ExpectationFailed(SanicException):
 HeaderExpectationFailed = ExpectationFailed


-class Forbidden(SanicException):
+class Forbidden(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 403 Forbidden
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Forbidden' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 403
@@ -202,20 +547,33 @@ class InvalidRangeType(RangeNotSatisfiable):
    quiet = True


-class PyFileError(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, file):
-        super().__init__("could not execute config file %s", file)
+class PyFileError(SanicException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file,
+        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            "could not execute config file %s" % file,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )


-class Unauthorized(SanicException):
+class Unauthorized(HTTPException):
    """
    **Status**: 401 Unauthorized

-    :param message: Message describing the exception.
-    :param status_code: HTTP Status code.
-    :param scheme: Name of the authentication scheme to be used.
-
-    When present, kwargs is used to complete the WWW-Authentication header.
+    When present, additional keyword arguments may be used to complete
+    the WWW-Authentication header.

    Examples::

@@ -240,21 +598,58 @@ class Unauthorized(SanicException):
        raise Unauthorized("Auth required.",
                           scheme="Bearer",
                           realm="Restricted Area")
+
+    :param message: The message to be sent to the client. If ``None``
+        then the HTTP status 'Bad Request' will be sent, defaults to None
+    :type message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]], optional
+    :param scheme: Name of the authentication scheme to be used.
+    :type scheme: Optional[str], optional
+    :param quiet: When ``True``, the error traceback will be suppressed
+        from the logs, defaults to None
+    :type quiet: Optional[bool], optional
+    :param context: Additional mapping of key/value data that will be
+        sent to the client upon exception, defaults to None
+    :type context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param extra: Additional mapping of key/value data that will NOT be
+        sent to the client when in PRODUCTION mode, defaults to None
+    :type extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
+    :param headers: Additional headers that should be sent with the HTTP
+        response, defaults to None
+    :type headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional
    """

    status_code = 401
    quiet = True

-    def __init__(self, message, status_code=None, scheme=None, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(message, status_code)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        scheme: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        quiet: Optional[bool] = None,
+        context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        **challenges,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            message,
+            quiet=quiet,
+            context=context,
+            extra=extra,
+            headers=headers,
+        )

        # if auth-scheme is specified, set "WWW-Authenticate" header
        if scheme is not None:
-            values = ['{!s}="{!s}"'.format(k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items()]
+            values = [
+                '{!s}="{!s}"'.format(k, v) for k, v in challenges.items()
+            ]
            challenge = ", ".join(values)

            self.headers = {
-                "WWW-Authenticate": f"{scheme} {challenge}".rstrip()
+                **self.headers,
+                "WWW-Authenticate": f"{scheme} {challenge}".rstrip(),
            }


--- a/sanic/handlers/init.py
+++ b/sanic/handlers/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from .content_range import ContentRangeHandler
+from .directory import DirectoryHandler
+from .error import ErrorHandler
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ContentRangeHandler",
+    "DirectoryHandler",
+    "ErrorHandler",
+)
--- a/sanic/handlers/content_range.py
+++ b/sanic/handlers/content_range.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    HeaderNotFound,
+    InvalidRangeType,
+    RangeNotSatisfiable,
+)
+
+
+class ContentRangeHandler:
+    """
+    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
+    extract the content range information.
+
+    :param request: Incoming api request
+    :param stats: Stats related to the content
+
+    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
+    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
+
+    :ivar start: Content Range start
+    :ivar end: Content Range end
+    :ivar size: Length of the content
+    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
+        instance
+    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
+
+    def __init__(self, request, stats):
+        self.total = stats.st_size
+        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
+        if _range is None:
+            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
+        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
+        if unit != "bytes":
+            raise InvalidRangeType(
+                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
+            )
+        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
+        try:
+            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
+            )
+        try:
+            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
+        except ValueError:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
+            )
+        if self.end is None:
+            if self.start is None:
+                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+                )
+            else:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        else:
+            if self.start is None:
+                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
+                self.start = self.total - self.end
+                self.end = self.total - 1
+        if self.start >= self.end:
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
+                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
+            )
+        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
+        self.headers = {
+            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
+            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
+        }
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return hasattr(self, "size") and self.size > 0
--- a/sanic/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/sanic/handlers/directory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from operator import itemgetter
+from pathlib import Path
+from stat import S_ISDIR
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Sequence, Union, cast
+
+from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
+from sanic.pages.directory_page import DirectoryPage, FileInfo
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import file, html, redirect
+
+
+class DirectoryHandler:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        directory: Path,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(index, str):
+            index = [index]
+        elif index is None:
+            index = []
+        self.base = uri.strip("/")
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.directory_view = directory_view
+        self.index = tuple(index)
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request, path: str):
+        current = path.strip("/")[len(self.base) :].strip("/")  # noqa: E203
+        for file_name in self.index:
+            index_file = self.directory / current / file_name
+            if index_file.is_file():
+                return await file(index_file)
+
+        if self.directory_view:
+            return self._index(
+                self.directory / current, path, request.app.debug
+            )
+
+        if self.index:
+            raise NotFound("File not found")
+
+        raise IsADirectoryError(f"{self.directory.as_posix()} is a directory")
+
+    def _index(self, location: Path, path: str, debug: bool):
+        # Remove empty path elements, append slash
+        if "//" in path or not path.endswith("/"):
+            return redirect(
+                "/" + "".join([f"{p}/" for p in path.split("/") if p])
+            )
+
+        # Render file browser
+        page = DirectoryPage(self._iter_files(location), path, debug)
+        return html(page.render())
+
+    def _prepare_file(self, path: Path) -> Dict[str, Union[int, str]]:
+        stat = path.stat()
+        modified = (
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime)
+            .isoformat()[:19]
+            .replace("T", " ")
+        )
+        is_dir = S_ISDIR(stat.st_mode)
+        icon = "📁" if is_dir else "📄"
+        file_name = path.name
+        if is_dir:
+            file_name += "/"
+        return {
+            "priority": is_dir * -1,
+            "file_name": file_name,
+            "icon": icon,
+            "file_access": modified,
+            "file_size": stat.st_size,
+        }
+
+    def _iter_files(self, location: Path) -> Iterable[FileInfo]:
+        prepared = [self._prepare_file(f) for f in location.iterdir()]
+        for item in sorted(prepared, key=itemgetter("priority", "file_name")):
+            del item["priority"]
+            yield cast(FileInfo, item)
--- a/sanic/handlers/error.py
+++ b/sanic/handlers/error.py
@@ -3,12 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type

 from sanic.errorpages import BaseRenderer, TextRenderer, exception_response
-from sanic.exceptions import (
-    HeaderNotFound,
-    InvalidRangeType,
-    RangeNotSatisfiable,
-)
-from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger
+from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.log import error_logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
 from sanic.response import text

@@ -23,7 +19,6 @@ class ErrorHandler:
    by the developers to perform a wide range of tasks from recording the error
    stats to reporting them to an external service that can be used for
    realtime alerting system.
-
    """

    def __init__(
@@ -36,14 +31,6 @@ class ErrorHandler:
        self.debug = False
        self.base = base

-    @classmethod
-    def finalize(cls, *args, **kwargs):
-        deprecation(
-            "ErrorHandler.finalize is deprecated and no longer needed. "
-            "Please remove update your code to remove it. ",
-            22.12,
-        )
-
    def _full_lookup(self, exception, route_name: Optional[str] = None):
        return self.lookup(exception, route_name)

@@ -57,16 +44,11 @@ class ErrorHandler:
            if name is None:
                name = "__ALL_ROUTES__"

-            error_logger.warning(
+            message = (
                f"Duplicate exception handler definition on: route={name} "
                f"and exception={exc}"
            )
-            deprecation(
-                "A duplicate exception handler definition was discovered. "
-                "This may cause unintended consequences. A warning has been "
-                "issued now, but it will not be allowed starting in v23.3.",
-                23.3,
-            )
+            raise ServerError(message)
        self.cached_handlers[key] = handler

    def add(self, exception, handler, route_names: Optional[List[str]] = None):
@@ -204,74 +186,3 @@ class ErrorHandler:
            error_logger.exception(
                "Exception occurred while handling uri: %s", url
            )
-
-
-class ContentRangeHandler:
-    """
-    A mechanism to parse and process the incoming request headers to
-    extract the content range information.
-
-    :param request: Incoming api request
-    :param stats: Stats related to the content
-
-    :type request: :class:`sanic.request.Request`
-    :type stats: :class:`posix.stat_result`
-
-    :ivar start: Content Range start
-    :ivar end: Content Range end
-    :ivar size: Length of the content
-    :ivar total: Total size identified by the :class:`posix.stat_result`
-        instance
-    :ivar ContentRangeHandler.headers: Content range header ``dict``
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("start", "end", "size", "total", "headers")
-
-    def __init__(self, request, stats):
-        self.total = stats.st_size
-        _range = request.headers.getone("range", None)
-        if _range is None:
-            raise HeaderNotFound("Range Header Not Found")
-        unit, _, value = tuple(map(str.strip, _range.partition("=")))
-        if unit != "bytes":
-            raise InvalidRangeType(
-                "%s is not a valid Range Type" % (unit,), self
-            )
-        start_b, _, end_b = tuple(map(str.strip, value.partition("-")))
-        try:
-            self.start = int(start_b) if start_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (start_b,), self
-            )
-        try:
-            self.end = int(end_b) if end_b else None
-        except ValueError:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "'%s' is invalid for Content Range" % (end_b,), self
-            )
-        if self.end is None:
-            if self.start is None:
-                raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                    "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-                )
-            else:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes 5-`
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        else:
-            if self.start is None:
-                # this case represents `Content-Range: bytes -5`
-                self.start = self.total - self.end
-                self.end = self.total - 1
-        if self.start >= self.end:
-            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(
-                "Invalid for Content Range parameters", self
-            )
-        self.size = self.end - self.start + 1
-        self.headers = {
-            "Content-Range": "bytes %s-%s/%s"
-            % (self.start, self.end, self.total)
-        }
-
-    def __bool__(self):
-        return self.size > 0
--- a/sanic/headers.py
+++ b/sanic/headers.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ OptionsIterable = Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]  # May contain duplicate keys

 _token, _quoted = r"([\w!#$%&'*+\-.^_`|~]+)", r'"([^"]*)"'
 _param = re.compile(rf";\s*{_token}=(?:{_token}|{_quoted})", re.ASCII)
-_firefox_quote_escape = re.compile(r'\\"(?!; |\s*$)')
 _ipv6 = "(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}"
 _ipv6_re = re.compile(_ipv6)
 _host_re = re.compile(
@@ -33,143 +32,96 @@ _host_re = re.compile(
 # For more information, consult ../tests/test_requests.py


-def parse_arg_as_accept(f):
-    def func(self, other, *args, **kwargs):
-        if not isinstance(other, Accept) and other:
-            other = Accept.parse(other)
-        return f(self, other, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    return func
-
-
-class MediaType(str):
-    def __new__(cls, value: str):
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
-
-    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
-        self.value = value
-        self.is_wildcard = self.check_if_wildcard(value)
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if self.is_wildcard:
-            return True
-
-        if self.match(other):
-            return True
-
-        other_is_wildcard = (
-            other.is_wildcard
-            if isinstance(other, MediaType)
-            else self.check_if_wildcard(other)
-        )
-
-        return other_is_wildcard
-
-    def match(self, other):
-        other_value = other.value if isinstance(other, MediaType) else other
-        return self.value == other_value
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def check_if_wildcard(value):
-        return value == "*"
-
-
-class Accept(str):
-    def __new__(cls, value: str, *args, **kwargs):
-        return str.__new__(cls, value)
+class MediaType:
+    """A media type, as used in the Accept header."""

    def __init__(
        self,
-        value: str,
-        type_: MediaType,
-        subtype: MediaType,
-        *,
-        q: str = "1.0",
-        **kwargs: str,
+        type_: str,
+        subtype: str,
+        **params: str,
    ):
-        qvalue = float(q)
-        if qvalue > 1 or qvalue < 0:
-            raise InvalidHeader(
-                f"Accept header qvalue must be between 0 and 1, not: {qvalue}"
-            )
-        self.value = value
-        self.type_ = type_
+        self.type = type_
        self.subtype = subtype
-        self.qvalue = qvalue
-        self.params = kwargs
+        self.q = float(params.get("q", "1.0"))
+        self.params = params
+        self.mime = f"{type_}/{subtype}"
+        self.key = (
+            -1 * self.q,
+            -1 * len(self.params),
+            self.subtype == "*",
+            self.type == "*",
+        )

-    def _compare(self, other, method):
-        try:
-            return method(self.qvalue, other.qvalue)
-        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
-            return NotImplemented
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.mime + "".join(f";{k}={v}" for k, v in self.params.items())

-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __lt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o)
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check for mime (str or MediaType) identical type/subtype.
+        Parameters such as q are not considered."""
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            # Give a friendly reminder if str contains parameters
+            if ";" in other:
+                raise ValueError("Use match() to compare with parameters")
+            return self.mime == other
+        if isinstance(other, MediaType):
+            # Ignore parameters silently with MediaType objects
+            return self.mime == other.mime
+        return NotImplemented

-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __le__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __eq__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ge__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __gt__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
-    def __ne__(self, other: Union[str, Accept]):  # type: ignore
-        return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o)
-
-    @parse_arg_as_accept
    def match(
        self,
-        other,
-        *,
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
-    ) -> bool:
-        type_match = (
-            self.type_ == other.type_
-            if allow_type_wildcard
-            else (
-                self.type_.match(other.type_)
-                and not self.type_.is_wildcard
-                and not other.type_.is_wildcard
-            )
+        mime_with_params: Union[str, MediaType],
+    ) -> Optional[MediaType]:
+        """Check if this media type matches the given mime type/subtype.
+        Wildcards are supported both ways on both type and subtype.
+        If mime contains a semicolon, optionally followed by parameters,
+        the parameters of the two media types must match exactly.
+        Note:  Use the `==` operator instead to check for literal matches
+        without expanding wildcards.
+        @param media_type: A type/subtype string to match.
+        @return `self` if the media types are compatible, else `None`
+        """
+        mt = (
+            MediaType._parse(mime_with_params)
+            if isinstance(mime_with_params, str)
+            else mime_with_params
        )
-        subtype_match = (
-            self.subtype == other.subtype
-            if allow_subtype_wildcard
-            else (
-                self.subtype.match(other.subtype)
-                and not self.subtype.is_wildcard
-                and not other.subtype.is_wildcard
+        return (
+            self
+            if (
+                mt
+                # All parameters given in the other media type must match
+                and all(self.params.get(k) == v for k, v in mt.params.items())
+                # Subtype match
+                and (
+                    self.subtype == mt.subtype
+                    or self.subtype == "*"
+                    or mt.subtype == "*"
+                )
+                # Type match
+                and (
+                    self.type == mt.type or self.type == "*" or mt.type == "*"
+                )
            )
+            else None
        )

-        return type_match and subtype_match
+    @property
+    def has_wildcard(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if this media type has a wildcard in it."""
+        return any(part == "*" for part in (self.subtype, self.type))

    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, raw: str) -> Accept:
-        invalid = False
-        mtype = raw.strip()
+    def _parse(cls, mime_with_params: str) -> Optional[MediaType]:
+        mtype = mime_with_params.strip()
+        if "/" not in mime_with_params:
+            return None

-        try:
-            media, *raw_params = mtype.split(";")
-            type_, subtype = media.split("/")
-        except ValueError:
-            invalid = True
-
-        if invalid or not type_ or not subtype:
-            raise InvalidHeader(f"Header contains invalid Accept value: {raw}")
+        mime, *raw_params = mtype.split(";")
+        type_, subtype = mime.split("/", 1)
+        if not type_ or not subtype:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid media type: {mtype}")

        params = dict(
            [
@@ -178,46 +130,160 @@ class Accept(str):
            ]
        )

-        return cls(mtype, MediaType(type_), MediaType(subtype), **params)
+        return cls(type_.lstrip(), subtype.rstrip(), **params)


-class AcceptContainer(list):
-    def __contains__(self, o: object) -> bool:
-        return any(item.match(o) for item in self)
+class Matched:
+    """A matching result of a MIME string against a header."""

-    def match(
-        self,
-        o: object,
-        *,
-        allow_type_wildcard: bool = True,
-        allow_subtype_wildcard: bool = True,
-    ) -> bool:
-        return any(
-            item.match(
-                o,
-                allow_type_wildcard=allow_type_wildcard,
-                allow_subtype_wildcard=allow_subtype_wildcard,
+    def __init__(self, mime: str, header: Optional[MediaType]):
+        self.mime = mime
+        self.header = header
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<{self} matched {self.header}>" if self else "<no match>"
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.mime
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return self.header is not None
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        try:
+            comp, other_accept = self._compare(other)
+        except TypeError:
+            return False
+
+        return bool(
+            comp
+            and (
+                (self.header and other_accept.header)
+                or (not self.header and not other_accept.header)
            )
-            for item in self
        )

+    def _compare(self, other) -> Tuple[bool, Matched]:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            parsed = Matched.parse(other)
+            if self.mime == other:
+                return True, parsed
+            other = parsed
+
+        if isinstance(other, Matched):
+            return self.header == other.header, other
+
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Comparison not supported between unequal "
+            f"mime types of '{self.mime}' and '{other}'"
+        )
+
+    def match(self, other: Union[str, Matched]) -> Optional[Matched]:
+        accept = Matched.parse(other) if isinstance(other, str) else other
+        if not self.header or not accept.header:
+            return None
+        if self.header.match(accept.header):
+            return accept
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, raw: str) -> Matched:
+        media_type = MediaType._parse(raw)
+        return cls(raw, media_type)
+
+
+class AcceptList(list):
+    """A list of media types, as used in the Accept header.
+
+    The Accept header entries are listed in order of preference, starting
+    with the most preferred. This class is a list of `MediaType` objects,
+    that encapsulate also the q value or any other parameters.
+
+    Two separate methods are provided for searching the list:
+    - 'match' for finding the most preferred match (wildcards supported)
+    -  operator 'in' for checking explicit matches (wildcards as literals)
+    """
+
+    def match(self, *mimes: str, accept_wildcards=True) -> Matched:
+        """Find a media type accepted by the client.
+
+        This method can be used to find which of the media types requested by
+        the client is most preferred against the ones given as arguments.
+
+        The ordering of preference is set by:
+        1. The order set by RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2, giving a higher priority
+            to q values and more specific type definitions,
+        2. The order of the arguments (first is most preferred), and
+        3. The first matching entry on the Accept header.
+
+        Wildcards are matched both ways. A match is usually found, as the
+        Accept headers typically include `*/*`, in particular if the header
+        is missing, is not manually set, or if the client is a browser.
+
+        Note: the returned object behaves as a string of the mime argument
+        that matched, and is empty/falsy if no match was found. The matched
+        header entry `MediaType` or `None` is available as the `m` attribute.
+
+        @param mimes: Any MIME types to search for in order of preference.
+        @param accept_wildcards: Match Accept entries with wildcards in them.
+        @return A match object with the mime string and the MediaType object.
+        """
+        a = sorted(
+            (-acc.q, i, j, mime, acc)
+            for j, acc in enumerate(self)
+            if accept_wildcards or not acc.has_wildcard
+            for i, mime in enumerate(mimes)
+            if acc.match(mime)
+        )
+        return Matched(*(a[0][-2:] if a else ("", None)))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Format as Accept header value (parsed, not original)."""
+        return ", ".join(str(m) for m in self)
+
+
+def parse_accept(accept: Optional[str]) -> AcceptList:
+    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
+    according to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
+    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
+    """
+    if not accept:
+        if accept == "":
+            return AcceptList()  # Empty header, accept nothing
+        accept = "*/*"  # No header means that all types are accepted
+    try:
+        a = [
+            mt
+            for mt in [MediaType._parse(mtype) for mtype in accept.split(",")]
+            if mt
+        ]
+        if not a:
+            raise ValueError
+        return AcceptList(sorted(a, key=lambda x: x.key))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidHeader(f"Invalid header value in Accept: {accept}")
+

 def parse_content_header(value: str) -> Tuple[str, Options]:
    """Parse content-type and content-disposition header values.

-    E.g. 'form-data; name=upload; filename=\"file.txt\"' to
+    E.g. `form-data; name=upload; filename="file.txt"` to
    ('form-data', {'name': 'upload', 'filename': 'file.txt'})

    Mostly identical to cgi.parse_header and werkzeug.parse_options_header
-    but runs faster and handles special characters better. Unescapes quotes.
+    but runs faster and handles special characters better.
+
+    Unescapes %22 to `"` and %0D%0A to `\n` in field values.
    """
-    value = _firefox_quote_escape.sub("%22", value)
    pos = value.find(";")
    if pos == -1:
        options: Dict[str, Union[int, str]] = {}
    else:
        options = {
-            m.group(1).lower(): m.group(2) or m.group(3).replace("%22", '"')
+            m.group(1)
+            .lower(): (m.group(2) or m.group(3))
+            .replace("%22", '"')
+            .replace("%0D%0A", "\n")
            for m in _param.finditer(value[pos:])
        }
        value = value[:pos]
@@ -368,34 +434,6 @@ def format_http1_response(status: int, headers: HeaderBytesIterable) -> bytes:
    return ret


-def _sort_accept_value(accept: Accept):
-    return (
-        accept.qvalue,
-        len(accept.params),
-        accept.subtype != "*",
-        accept.type_ != "*",
-    )
-
-
-def parse_accept(accept: str) -> AcceptContainer:
-    """Parse an Accept header and order the acceptable media types in
-    accorsing to RFC 7231, s. 5.3.2
-    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.2
-    """
-    media_types = accept.split(",")
-    accept_list: List[Accept] = []
-
-    for mtype in media_types:
-        if not mtype:
-            continue
-
-        accept_list.append(Accept.parse(mtype))
-
-    return AcceptContainer(
-        sorted(accept_list, key=_sort_accept_value, reverse=True)
-    )
-
-
 def parse_credentials(
    header: Optional[str],
    prefixes: Union[List, Tuple, Set] = None,
--- a/sanic/http/http1.py
+++ b/sanic/http/http1.py
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        "request_body",
        "request_bytes",
        "request_bytes_left",
-        "request_max_size",
        "response",
        "response_func",
        "response_size",
@@ -241,9 +240,14 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            headers_instance.getone("upgrade", "").lower() == "websocket"
        )

+        try:
+            url_bytes = self.url.encode("ASCII")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise BadRequest("URL may only contain US-ASCII characters.")
+
        # Prepare a Request object
        request = self.protocol.request_class(
-            url_bytes=self.url.encode(),
+            url_bytes=url_bytes,
            headers=headers_instance,
            head=bytes(head),
            version=protocol[5:],
@@ -429,7 +433,9 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
            if self.request is None:
                self.create_empty_request()

-            request_middleware = not isinstance(exception, ServiceUnavailable)
+            request_middleware = not isinstance(
+                exception, (ServiceUnavailable, RequestCancelled)
+            )
            try:
                await app.handle_exception(
                    self.request, exception, request_middleware
@@ -444,9 +450,18 @@ class Http(Stream, metaclass=TouchUpMeta):
        bogus response for error handling use.
        """

+        # Reformat any URL already received with \xHH escapes for better logs
+        url_bytes = (
+            self.url.encode(errors="surrogateescape")
+            .decode("ASCII", errors="backslashreplace")
+            .encode("ASCII")
+            if self.url
+            else b"*"
+        )
+
        # FIXME: Avoid this by refactoring error handling and response code
        self.request = self.protocol.request_class(
-            url_bytes=self.url.encode() if self.url else b"*",
+            url_bytes=url_bytes,
            headers=Header({}),
            version="1.1",
            method="NONE",
--- a/sanic/http/http3.py
+++ b/sanic/http/http3.py
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@ from typing import (

 from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.constants import LocalCertCreator
-from sanic.exceptions import PayloadTooLarge, SanicException, ServerError
+from sanic.exceptions import (
+    BadRequest,
+    PayloadTooLarge,
+    SanicException,
+    ServerError,
+)
 from sanic.helpers import has_message_body
 from sanic.http.constants import Stage
 from sanic.http.stream import Stream
@@ -333,7 +338,17 @@ class Http3:
        return self.receivers[stream_id]

    def _make_request(self, event: HeadersReceived) -> Request:
-        headers = Header(((k.decode(), v.decode()) for k, v in event.headers))
+        try:
+            headers = Header(
+                (
+                    (k.decode("ASCII"), v.decode(errors="surrogateescape"))
+                    for k, v in event.headers
+                )
+            )
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise BadRequest(
+                "Header names may only contain US-ASCII characters."
+            )
        method = headers[":method"]
        path = headers[":path"]
        scheme = headers.pop(":scheme", "")
@@ -342,9 +357,14 @@ class Http3:
        if authority:
            headers["host"] = authority

+        try:
+            url_bytes = path.encode("ASCII")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise BadRequest("URL may only contain US-ASCII characters.")
+
        transport = HTTP3Transport(self.protocol)
        request = self.protocol.request_class(
-            path.encode(),
+            url_bytes,
            headers,
            "3",
            method,
--- a/sanic/http/stream.py
+++ b/sanic/http/stream.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Stream:
    request_max_size: Union[int, float]

    __touchup__: Tuple[str, ...] = tuple()
-    __slots__ = ()
+    __slots__ = ("request_max_size",)

    def respond(
        self, response: BaseHTTPResponse
--- a/sanic/http/tls/context.py
+++ b/sanic/http/tls/context.py
@@ -24,13 +24,15 @@ def create_context(
    certfile: Optional[str] = None,
    keyfile: Optional[str] = None,
    password: Optional[str] = None,
+    purpose: ssl.Purpose = ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH,
 ) -> ssl.SSLContext:
    """Create a context with secure crypto and HTTP/1.1 in protocols."""
-    context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose=ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose=purpose)
    context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
    context.set_ciphers(":".join(CIPHERS_TLS12))
    context.set_alpn_protocols(["http/1.1"])
-    context.sni_callback = server_name_callback
+    if purpose is ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH:
+        context.sni_callback = server_name_callback
    if certfile and keyfile:
        context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, password)
    return context
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ class CertSimple(SanicSSLContext):
        # try common aliases, rename to cert/key
        certfile = kw["cert"] = kw.pop("certificate", None) or cert
        keyfile = kw["key"] = kw.pop("keyfile", None) or key
-        password = kw.pop("password", None)
+        password = kw.get("password", None)
        if not certfile or not keyfile:
            raise ValueError("SSL dict needs filenames for cert and key.")
        subject = {}
--- a/sanic/http/tls/creators.py
+++ b/sanic/http/tls/creators.py
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ class CertCreator(ABC):
        local_tls_key,
        local_tls_cert,
    ) -> CertCreator:
-
        creator: Optional[CertCreator] = None

        cert_creator_options: Tuple[
--- a/sanic/log.py
+++ b/sanic/log.py
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
 import logging
 import sys

-from typing import Any, Dict
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict
 from warnings import warn

-from sanic.compat import StrEnum, is_atty
+from sanic.compat import is_atty
+
+
+# Python 3.11 changed the way Enum formatting works for mixed-in types.
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11, 0):
+
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        pass
+
+else:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from enum import StrEnum


 LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS: Dict[str, Any] = dict(  # no cov
@@ -50,13 +62,13 @@ LOGGING_CONFIG_DEFAULTS: Dict[str, Any] = dict(  # no cov
    },
    formatters={
        "generic": {
-            "format": "%(asctime)s [%(process)d] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
+            "format": "%(asctime)s [%(process)s] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
            "datefmt": "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z]",
            "class": "logging.Formatter",
        },
        "access": {
            "format": "%(asctime)s - (%(name)s)[%(levelname)s][%(host)s]: "
-            + "%(request)s %(message)s %(status)d %(byte)d",
+            + "%(request)s %(message)s %(status)s %(byte)s",
            "datefmt": "[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z]",
            "class": "logging.Formatter",
        },
@@ -114,7 +126,26 @@ logger.addFilter(_verbosity_filter)


 def deprecation(message: str, version: float):  # no cov
-    version_info = f"[DEPRECATION v{version}] "
+    """
+    Add a deprecation notice
+
+    Example when a feature is being removed. In this case, version
+    should be AT LEAST next version + 2
+
+        deprecation("Helpful message", 99.9)
+
+    Example when a feature is deprecated but not being removed:
+
+        deprecation("Helpful message", 0)
+
+    :param message: The message of the notice
+    :type message: str
+    :param version: The version when the feature will be removed. If it is
+      not being removed, then set version=0.
+    :type version: float
+    """
+    version_display = f" v{version}" if version else ""
+    version_info = f"[DEPRECATION{version_display}] "
    if is_atty():
        version_info = f"{Colors.RED}{version_info}"
        message = f"{Colors.YELLOW}{message}{Colors.END}"
--- a/sanic/middleware.py
+++ b/sanic/middleware.py
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ class Middleware:
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)

+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.func)
+
    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"{self.__class__.__name__}("
--- a/sanic/mixins/base.py
+++ b/sanic/mixins/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+
+
+class BaseMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    name: str
+    strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
+
+    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
+        name = None
+
+        for obj in objects:
+            if obj:
+                if isinstance(obj, str):
+                    name = obj
+                    break
+
+                try:
+                    name = obj.name
+                except AttributeError:
+                    try:
+                        name = obj.__name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        if not name:  # noqa
+            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
+
+        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
+            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
+
+        return name
--- a/sanic/mixins/routes.py
+++ b/sanic/mixins/routes.py
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 from ast import NodeVisitor, Return, parse
 from contextlib import suppress
-from email.utils import formatdate
-from functools import partial, wraps
 from inspect import getsource, signature
-from mimetypes import guess_type
-from os import path
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from textwrap import dedent
 from typing import (
    Any,
@@ -19,20 +14,15 @@ from typing import (
    Union,
    cast,
 )
-from urllib.parse import unquote

 from sanic_routing.route import Route

 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
-from sanic.compat import stat_async
-from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE, HTTP_METHODS
+from sanic.constants import HTTP_METHODS
 from sanic.errorpages import RESPONSE_MAPPING
-from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
-from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
-from sanic.log import error_logger
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
 from sanic.models.futures import FutureRoute, FutureStatic
 from sanic.models.handler_types import RouteHandler
-from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream, validate_file
 from sanic.types import HashableDict


@@ -41,20 +31,14 @@ RouteWrapper = Callable[
 ]


-class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
-    name: str
-
+class RouteMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
        self._future_routes: Set[FutureRoute] = set()
        self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
-        self.strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = False

    def _apply_route(self, route: FutureRoute) -> List[Route]:
        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa

-    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
-        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
-
    def route(
        self,
        uri: str,
@@ -218,6 +202,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        stream: bool = False,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
+        unquote: bool = False,
        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
    ) -> RouteHandler:
        """A helper method to register class instance or
@@ -264,6 +249,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            name=name,
            version_prefix=version_prefix,
            error_format=error_format,
+            unquote=unquote,
            **ctx_kwargs,
        )(handler)
        return handler
@@ -560,7 +546,7 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
        version: Optional[Union[int, str, float]] = None,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
-        ignore_body: bool = True,
+        ignore_body: bool = False,
        version_prefix: str = "/v",
        error_format: Optional[str] = None,
        **ctx_kwargs: Any,
@@ -686,324 +672,6 @@ class RouteMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            **ctx_kwargs,
        )(handler)

-    def static(
-        self,
-        uri: str,
-        file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath],
-        pattern: str = r"/?.+",
-        use_modified_since: bool = True,
-        use_content_range: bool = False,
-        stream_large_files: bool = False,
-        name: str = "static",
-        host: Optional[str] = None,
-        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
-        content_type: Optional[bool] = None,
-        apply: bool = True,
-        resource_type: Optional[str] = None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
-        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
-        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
-
-        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
-        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
-            static files
-        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-            and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
-            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
-            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
-            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
-            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
-        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
-            URLs need to terminate with a */*
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: routes registered on the router
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        name = self._generate_name(name)
-
-        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
-            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
-
-        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
-            )
-
-        static = FutureStatic(
-            uri,
-            file_or_directory,
-            pattern,
-            use_modified_since,
-            use_content_range,
-            stream_large_files,
-            name,
-            host,
-            strict_slashes,
-            content_type,
-            resource_type,
-        )
-        self._future_statics.add(static)
-
-        if apply:
-            self._apply_static(static)
-
-    def _generate_name(self, *objects) -> str:
-        name = None
-
-        for obj in objects:
-            if obj:
-                if isinstance(obj, str):
-                    name = obj
-                    break
-
-                try:
-                    name = obj.name
-                except AttributeError:
-                    try:
-                        name = obj.__name__
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        continue
-                else:
-                    break
-
-        if not name:  # noqa
-            raise ValueError("Could not generate a name for handler")
-
-        if not name.startswith(f"{self.name}."):
-            name = f"{self.name}.{name}"
-
-        return name
-
-    async def _get_file_path(self, file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found):
-        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
-        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-
-        if __file_uri__:
-            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
-            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
-            # absolute path
-            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
-            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
-            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
-            if (
-                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
-            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-
-        try:
-            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
-        except ValueError:
-            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
-                error_logger.exception(
-                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
-                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-                )
-                raise not_found
-        return file_path
-
-    async def _static_request_handler(
-        self,
-        file_or_directory,
-        use_modified_since,
-        use_content_range,
-        stream_large_files,
-        request,
-        content_type=None,
-        __file_uri__=None,
-    ):
-        not_found = FileNotFound(
-            "File not found",
-            path=file_or_directory,
-            relative_url=__file_uri__,
-        )
-
-        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
-        file_path = await self._get_file_path(
-            file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found
-        )
-
-        try:
-            headers = {}
-            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
-            # and it has not been modified since
-            stats = None
-            if use_modified_since:
-                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                modified_since = stats.st_mtime
-                response = await validate_file(request.headers, modified_since)
-                if response:
-                    return response
-                headers["Last-Modified"] = formatdate(
-                    modified_since, usegmt=True
-                )
-            _range = None
-            if use_content_range:
-                _range = None
-                if not stats:
-                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
-                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
-                if request.method != "HEAD":
-                    try:
-                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
-                    except HeaderNotFound:
-                        pass
-                    else:
-                        del headers["Content-Length"]
-                        headers.update(_range.headers)
-
-            if "content-type" not in headers:
-                content_type = (
-                    content_type
-                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
-                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
-                )
-
-                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
-                    content_type.startswith("text/")
-                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
-                ):
-                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
-
-                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
-
-            if request.method == "HEAD":
-                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
-            else:
-                if stream_large_files:
-                    if type(stream_large_files) == int:
-                        threshold = stream_large_files
-                    else:
-                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
-
-                    if not stats:
-                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
-                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
-                        return await file_stream(
-                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
-                        )
-                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
-        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
-            raise
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            raise not_found
-        except Exception:
-            error_logger.exception(
-                f"Exception in static request handler: "
-                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
-                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
-            )
-            raise
-
-    def _register_static(
-        self,
-        static: FutureStatic,
-    ):
-        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
-        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
-        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
-        """
-        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
-        router and registering a handler.
-
-        :param app: Sanic
-        :param file_or_directory: File or directory path to serve from
-        :type file_or_directory: Union[str,bytes,Path]
-        :param uri: URL to serve from
-        :type uri: str
-        :param pattern: regular expression used to match files in the URL
-        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
-                                not modified if the browser's matches the
-                                server's
-        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
-                                and sends the file part that is requested
-        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the file_stream() handler
-                                rather than the file() handler to send the file
-                                If this is an integer, this represents the
-                                threshold size to switch to file_stream()
-        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
-        :type name: str
-        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
-        :return: registered static routes
-        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
-        """
-
-        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
-        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
-            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
-        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
-            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
-        else:
-            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
-
-        uri = static.uri
-        name = static.name
-        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
-        # serve from the folder
-        if not static.resource_type:
-            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                uri = uri.rstrip("/")
-                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
-            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
-                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-                )
-            uri = uri.rstrip("/")
-            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
-        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
-            file_or_directory
-        ):
-            raise TypeError(
-                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
-                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
-            )
-        elif static.resource_type != "file":
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
-            )
-
-        # special prefix for static files
-        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
-        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
-
-        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
-            partial(
-                self._static_request_handler,
-                file_or_directory,
-                static.use_modified_since,
-                static.use_content_range,
-                static.stream_large_files,
-                content_type=static.content_type,
-            )
-        )
-
-        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
-            uri=uri,
-            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
-            name=name,
-            host=static.host,
-            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
-            static=True,
-        )(_handler)
-
-        return route
-
    def _determine_error_format(self, handler) -> str:
        with suppress(OSError, TypeError):
            src = dedent(getsource(handler))
--- a/sanic/mixins/signals.py
+++ b/sanic/mixins/signals.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class SignalMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        event: Union[str, Enum],
        *,
        apply: bool = True,
-        condition: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        condition: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        exclusive: bool = True,
    ) -> Callable[[SignalHandler], SignalHandler]:
        """
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class SignalMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        self,
        handler: Optional[Callable[..., Any]],
        event: str,
-        condition: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        condition: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        exclusive: bool = True,
    ):
        if not handler:
--- a/sanic/mixins/startup.py
+++ b/sanic/mixins/startup.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from typing import (
    Callable,
    Dict,
    List,
+    Mapping,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
@@ -40,26 +41,23 @@ from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
 from sanic.application.motd import MOTD
 from sanic.application.state import ApplicationServerInfo, Mode, ServerStage
 from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
-from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, is_atty
-from sanic.constants import RestartOrder
+from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS, StartMethod, is_atty
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerKilled
-from sanic.helpers import Default
+from sanic.helpers import Default, _default
 from sanic.http.constants import HTTP
 from sanic.http.tls import get_ssl_context, process_to_context
 from sanic.http.tls.context import SanicSSLContext
-from sanic.log import Colors, deprecation, error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import Colors, error_logger, logger
 from sanic.models.handler_types import ListenerType
 from sanic.server import Signal as ServerSignal
 from sanic.server import try_use_uvloop
 from sanic.server.async_server import AsyncioServer
 from sanic.server.events import trigger_events
-from sanic.server.legacy import watchdog
 from sanic.server.loop import try_windows_loop
 from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import HttpProtocol
 from sanic.server.protocols.websocket_protocol import WebSocketProtocol
-from sanic.server.runners import serve, serve_multiple, serve_single
+from sanic.server.runners import serve
 from sanic.server.socket import configure_socket, remove_unix_socket
-from sanic.worker.inspector import Inspector
 from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader
 from sanic.worker.manager import WorkerManager
 from sanic.worker.multiplexer import WorkerMultiplexer
@@ -89,6 +87,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
    state: ApplicationState
    websocket_enabled: bool
    multiplexer: WorkerMultiplexer
+    start_method: StartMethod = _default

    def setup_loop(self):
        if not self.asgi:
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        register_sys_signals: bool = True,
        access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
        unix: Optional[str] = None,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
        reload_dir: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
        noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
        motd: bool = True,
@@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        motd_display: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
        auto_tls: bool = False,
        single_process: bool = False,
-        legacy: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Run the HTTP Server and listen until keyboard interrupt or term
@@ -197,13 +195,10 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            motd_display=motd_display,
            auto_tls=auto_tls,
            single_process=single_process,
-            legacy=legacy,
        )

        if single_process:
            serve = self.__class__.serve_single
-        elif legacy:
-            serve = self.__class__.serve_legacy
        else:
            serve = self.__class__.serve
        serve(primary=self)  # type: ignore
@@ -225,7 +220,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        register_sys_signals: bool = True,
        access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
        unix: Optional[str] = None,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
        reload_dir: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
        noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
        motd: bool = True,
@@ -235,7 +230,6 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        coffee: bool = False,
        auto_tls: bool = False,
        single_process: bool = False,
-        legacy: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        if version == 3 and self.state.server_info:
            raise RuntimeError(
@@ -264,13 +258,10 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                "or auto-reload"
            )

-        if single_process and legacy:
-            raise RuntimeError("Cannot run single process and legacy mode")
-
-        if register_sys_signals is False and not (single_process or legacy):
+        if register_sys_signals is False and not single_process:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Cannot run Sanic.serve with register_sys_signals=False. "
-                "Use either Sanic.serve_single or Sanic.serve_legacy."
+                "Use Sanic.serve_single."
            )

        if motd_display:
@@ -355,12 +346,12 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        debug: bool = False,
        ssl: Union[None, SSLContext, dict, str, list, tuple] = None,
        sock: Optional[socket] = None,
-        protocol: Type[Protocol] = None,
+        protocol: Optional[Type[Protocol]] = None,
        backlog: int = 100,
        access_log: Optional[bool] = None,
        unix: Optional[str] = None,
        return_asyncio_server: bool = False,
-        asyncio_server_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+        asyncio_server_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        noisy_exceptions: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Optional[AsyncioServer]:
        """
@@ -481,7 +472,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        sock: Optional[socket] = None,
        unix: Optional[str] = None,
        workers: int = 1,
-        loop: AbstractEventLoop = None,
+        loop: Optional[AbstractEventLoop] = None,
        protocol: Type[Protocol] = HttpProtocol,
        backlog: int = 100,
        register_sys_signals: bool = True,
@@ -693,12 +684,17 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        return any(app.state.auto_reload for app in cls._app_registry.values())

    @classmethod
-    def _get_context(cls) -> BaseContext:
-        method = (
-            "spawn"
-            if "linux" not in sys.platform or cls.should_auto_reload()
-            else "fork"
+    def _get_startup_method(cls) -> str:
+        return (
+            cls.start_method
+            if not isinstance(cls.start_method, Default)
+            else "spawn"
        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_context(cls) -> BaseContext:
+        method = cls._get_startup_method()
+        logger.debug("Creating multiprocessing context using '%s'", method)
        return get_context(method)

    @classmethod
@@ -764,7 +760,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            ]
            primary_server_info.settings["run_multiple"] = True
            monitor_sub, monitor_pub = Pipe(True)
-            worker_state: Dict[str, Any] = sync_manager.dict()
+            worker_state: Mapping[str, Any] = sync_manager.dict()
            kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
                **primary_server_info.settings,
                "monitor_publisher": monitor_pub,
@@ -806,7 +802,7 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            ssl = kwargs.get("ssl")

            if isinstance(ssl, SanicSSLContext):
-                kwargs["ssl"] = kwargs["ssl"].sanic
+                kwargs["ssl"] = ssl.sanic

            manager = WorkerManager(
                primary.state.workers,
@@ -815,13 +811,12 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                cls._get_context(),
                (monitor_pub, monitor_sub),
                worker_state,
-                cast(RestartOrder, primary.config.RESTART_ORDER),
            )
            if cls.should_auto_reload():
                reload_dirs: Set[Path] = primary.state.reload_dirs.union(
                    *(app.state.reload_dirs for app in apps)
                )
-                reloader = Reloader(monitor_pub, 1.0, reload_dirs, app_loader)
+                reloader = Reloader(monitor_pub, 0, reload_dirs, app_loader)
                manager.manage("Reloader", reloader, {}, transient=False)

            inspector = None
@@ -837,12 +832,15 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
                    "packages": [sanic_version, *packages],
                    "extra": extra,
                }
-                inspector = Inspector(
+                inspector = primary.inspector_class(
                    monitor_pub,
                    app_info,
                    worker_state,
                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_HOST,
                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_PORT,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_API_KEY,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_TLS_KEY,
+                    primary.config.INSPECTOR_TLS_CERT,
                )
                manager.manage("Inspector", inspector, {}, transient=False)

@@ -870,7 +868,10 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):

            sync_manager.shutdown()
            for sock in socks:
-                sock.shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)
+                try:
+                    sock.shutdown(SHUT_RDWR)
+                except OSError:
+                    ...
                sock.close()
            socks = []
            trigger_events(main_stop, loop, primary)
@@ -946,76 +947,6 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
            cls._cleanup_env_vars()
            cls._cleanup_apps()

-    @classmethod
-    def serve_legacy(cls, primary: Optional[Sanic] = None) -> None:
-        apps = list(cls._app_registry.values())
-
-        if not primary:
-            try:
-                primary = apps[0]
-            except IndexError:
-                raise RuntimeError("Did not find any applications.")
-
-        reloader_start = primary.listeners.get("reload_process_start")
-        reloader_stop = primary.listeners.get("reload_process_stop")
-        # We want to run auto_reload if ANY of the applications have it enabled
-        if (
-            cls.should_auto_reload()
-            and os.environ.get("SANIC_SERVER_RUNNING") != "true"
-        ):  # no cov
-            loop = new_event_loop()
-            trigger_events(reloader_start, loop, primary)
-            reload_dirs: Set[Path] = primary.state.reload_dirs.union(
-                *(app.state.reload_dirs for app in apps)
-            )
-            watchdog(1.0, reload_dirs)
-            trigger_events(reloader_stop, loop, primary)
-            return
-
-        # This exists primarily for unit testing
-        if not primary.state.server_info:  # no cov
-            for app in apps:
-                app.state.server_info.clear()
-            return
-
-        primary_server_info = primary.state.server_info[0]
-        primary.before_server_start(partial(primary._start_servers, apps=apps))
-
-        deprecation(
-            f"{Colors.YELLOW}Running {Colors.SANIC}Sanic {Colors.YELLOW}w/ "
-            f"LEGACY manager.{Colors.END} Support for will be dropped in "
-            "version 23.3.",
-            23.3,
-        )
-        try:
-            primary_server_info.stage = ServerStage.SERVING
-
-            if primary.state.workers > 1 and os.name != "posix":  # no cov
-                logger.warning(
-                    f"Multiprocessing is currently not supported on {os.name},"
-                    " using workers=1 instead"
-                )
-                primary.state.workers = 1
-            if primary.state.workers == 1:
-                serve_single(primary_server_info.settings)
-            elif primary.state.workers == 0:
-                raise RuntimeError("Cannot serve with no workers")
-            else:
-                serve_multiple(
-                    primary_server_info.settings, primary.state.workers
-                )
-        except BaseException:
-            error_logger.exception(
-                "Experienced exception while trying to serve"
-            )
-            raise
-        finally:
-            primary_server_info.stage = ServerStage.STOPPED
-        logger.info("Server Stopped")
-
-        cls._cleanup_env_vars()
-        cls._cleanup_apps()
-
    async def _start_servers(
        self,
        primary: Sanic,
@@ -1102,7 +1033,6 @@ class StartupMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
        app: StartupMixin,
        server_info: ApplicationServerInfo,
    ) -> None:  # no cov
-
        try:
            # We should never get to this point without a server
            # This is primarily to keep mypy happy
--- a/sanic/mixins/static.py
+++ b/sanic/mixins/static.py
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+from email.utils import formatdate
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from mimetypes import guess_type
+from os import PathLike, path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from typing import Optional, Sequence, Set, Union
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from sanic_routing.route import Route
+
+from sanic.base.meta import SanicMeta
+from sanic.compat import stat_async
+from sanic.constants import DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+from sanic.exceptions import FileNotFound, HeaderNotFound, RangeNotSatisfiable
+from sanic.handlers import ContentRangeHandler
+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
+from sanic.log import error_logger
+from sanic.mixins.base import BaseMixin
+from sanic.models.futures import FutureStatic
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import HTTPResponse, file, file_stream, validate_file
+
+
+class StaticMixin(BaseMixin, metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self._future_statics: Set[FutureStatic] = set()
+
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        raise NotImplementedError  # noqa
+
+    def static(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        file_or_directory: Union[PathLike, str],
+        pattern: str = r"/?.+",
+        use_modified_since: bool = True,
+        use_content_range: bool = False,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int] = False,
+        name: str = "static",
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        strict_slashes: Optional[bool] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        apply: bool = True,
+        resource_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        index: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = None,
+        directory_view: bool = False,
+        directory_handler: Optional[DirectoryHandler] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Register a root to serve files from. The input can either be a
+        file or a directory. This method will enable an easy and simple way
+        to setup the :class:`Route` necessary to serve the static files.
+
+        :param uri: URL path to be used for serving static content
+        :param file_or_directory: Path for the Static file/directory with
+            static files
+        :param pattern: Regex Pattern identifying the valid static files
+        :param use_modified_since: If true, send file modified time, and return
+            not modified if the browser's matches the server's
+        :param use_content_range: If true, process header for range requests
+            and sends the file part that is requested
+        :param stream_large_files: If true, use the
+            :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream` handler rather
+            than the :func:`HTTPResponse.file` handler to send the file.
+            If this is an integer, this represents the threshold size to
+            switch to :func:`StreamingHTTPResponse.file_stream`
+        :param name: user defined name used for url_for
+        :param host: Host IP or FQDN for the service to use
+        :param strict_slashes: Instruct :class:`Sanic` to check if the request
+            URLs need to terminate with a */*
+        :param content_type: user defined content type for header
+        :param apply: If true, will register the route immediately
+        :param resource_type: Explicitly declare a resource to be a "
+            file" or a "dir"
+        :param index: When exposing against a directory, index is the name that
+            will be served as the default file. When multiple files names are
+            passed, then they will be tried in order.
+        :param directory_view: Whether to fallback to showing the directory
+            viewer when exposing a directory
+        :param directory_handler: An instance of :class:`DirectoryHandler`
+            that can be used for explicitly controlling and subclassing the
+            behavior of the default directory handler
+        :return: routes registered on the router
+        :rtype: List[sanic.router.Route]
+        """
+
+        name = self._generate_name(name)
+
+        if strict_slashes is None and self.strict_slashes is not None:
+            strict_slashes = self.strict_slashes
+
+        if not isinstance(file_or_directory, (str, bytes, PurePath)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Static route must be a valid path, not {file_or_directory}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            file_or_directory = Path(file_or_directory)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Static file or directory must be a path-like object or string"
+            )
+
+        if directory_handler and (directory_view or index):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When explicitly setting directory_handler, you cannot "
+                "set either directory_view or index. Instead, pass "
+                "these arguments to your DirectoryHandler instance."
+            )
+
+        if not directory_handler:
+            directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(
+                uri=uri,
+                directory=file_or_directory,
+                directory_view=directory_view,
+                index=index,
+            )
+
+        static = FutureStatic(
+            uri,
+            file_or_directory,
+            pattern,
+            use_modified_since,
+            use_content_range,
+            stream_large_files,
+            name,
+            host,
+            strict_slashes,
+            content_type,
+            resource_type,
+            directory_handler,
+        )
+        self._future_statics.add(static)
+
+        if apply:
+            self._apply_static(static)
+
+
+class StaticHandleMixin(metaclass=SanicMeta):
+    def _apply_static(self, static: FutureStatic) -> Route:
+        return self._register_static(static)
+
+    def _register_static(
+        self,
+        static: FutureStatic,
+    ):
+        # TODO: Though sanic is not a file server, I feel like we should
+        # at least make a good effort here.  Modified-since is nice, but
+        # we could also look into etags, expires, and caching
+        """
+        Register a static directory handler with Sanic by adding a route to the
+        router and registering a handler.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(static.file_or_directory, bytes):
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory.decode("utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(static.file_or_directory, PurePath):
+            file_or_directory = str(static.file_or_directory)
+        elif not isinstance(static.file_or_directory, str):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid file path string.")
+        else:
+            file_or_directory = static.file_or_directory
+
+        uri = static.uri
+        name = static.name
+        # If we're not trying to match a file directly,
+        # serve from the folder
+        if not static.resource_type:
+            if not path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+                uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "dir":
+            if path.isfile(file_or_directory):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Resource type improperly identified as directory. "
+                    f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+                )
+            uri = uri.rstrip("/")
+            uri += "/<__file_uri__:path>"
+        elif static.resource_type == "file" and not path.isfile(
+            file_or_directory
+        ):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Resource type improperly identified as file. "
+                f"'{file_or_directory}'"
+            )
+        elif static.resource_type != "file":
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The resource_type should be set to 'file' or 'dir'"
+            )
+
+        # special prefix for static files
+        # if not static.name.startswith("_static_"):
+        #     name = f"_static_{static.name}"
+
+        _handler = wraps(self._static_request_handler)(
+            partial(
+                self._static_request_handler,
+                file_or_directory=file_or_directory,
+                use_modified_since=static.use_modified_since,
+                use_content_range=static.use_content_range,
+                stream_large_files=static.stream_large_files,
+                content_type=static.content_type,
+                directory_handler=static.directory_handler,
+            )
+        )
+
+        route, _ = self.route(  # type: ignore
+            uri=uri,
+            methods=["GET", "HEAD"],
+            name=name,
+            host=static.host,
+            strict_slashes=static.strict_slashes,
+            static=True,
+        )(_handler)
+
+        return route
+
+    async def _static_request_handler(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        file_or_directory: PathLike,
+        use_modified_since: bool,
+        use_content_range: bool,
+        stream_large_files: Union[bool, int],
+        directory_handler: DirectoryHandler,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+        __file_uri__: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        not_found = FileNotFound(
+            "File not found",
+            path=file_or_directory,
+            relative_url=__file_uri__,
+        )
+
+        # Merge served directory and requested file if provided
+        file_path = await self._get_file_path(
+            file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found
+        )
+
+        try:
+            headers = {}
+            # Check if the client has been sent this file before
+            # and it has not been modified since
+            stats = None
+            if use_modified_since:
+                stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                modified_since = stats.st_mtime
+                response = await validate_file(request.headers, modified_since)
+                if response:
+                    return response
+                headers["Last-Modified"] = formatdate(
+                    modified_since, usegmt=True
+                )
+            _range = None
+            if use_content_range:
+                _range = None
+                if not stats:
+                    stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                headers["Accept-Ranges"] = "bytes"
+                headers["Content-Length"] = str(stats.st_size)
+                if request.method != "HEAD":
+                    try:
+                        _range = ContentRangeHandler(request, stats)
+                    except HeaderNotFound:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        del headers["Content-Length"]
+                        headers.update(_range.headers)
+
+            if "content-type" not in headers:
+                content_type = (
+                    content_type
+                    or guess_type(file_path)[0]
+                    or DEFAULT_HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE
+                )
+
+                if "charset=" not in content_type and (
+                    content_type.startswith("text/")
+                    or content_type == "application/javascript"
+                ):
+                    content_type += "; charset=utf-8"
+
+                headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+            if request.method == "HEAD":
+                return HTTPResponse(headers=headers)
+            else:
+                if stream_large_files:
+                    if isinstance(stream_large_files, bool):
+                        threshold = 1024 * 1024
+                    else:
+                        threshold = stream_large_files
+
+                    if not stats:
+                        stats = await stat_async(file_path)
+                    if stats.st_size >= threshold:
+                        return await file_stream(
+                            file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range
+                        )
+                return await file(file_path, headers=headers, _range=_range)
+        except (IsADirectoryError, PermissionError):
+            return await directory_handler.handle(request, request.path)
+        except RangeNotSatisfiable:
+            raise
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise not_found
+        except Exception:
+            error_logger.exception(
+                "Exception in static request handler: "
+                f"path={file_or_directory}, "
+                f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+            )
+            raise
+
+    async def _get_file_path(self, file_or_directory, __file_uri__, not_found):
+        file_path_raw = Path(unquote(file_or_directory))
+        root_path = file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+
+        if __file_uri__:
+            # Strip all / that in the beginning of the URL to help prevent
+            # python from herping a derp and treating the uri as an
+            # absolute path
+            unquoted_file_uri = unquote(__file_uri__).lstrip("/")
+            file_path_raw = Path(file_or_directory, unquoted_file_uri)
+            file_path = file_path_raw.resolve()
+            if (
+                file_path < root_path and not file_path_raw.is_symlink()
+            ) or ".." in file_path_raw.parts:
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+
+        try:
+            file_path.relative_to(root_path)
+        except ValueError:
+            if not file_path_raw.is_symlink():
+                error_logger.exception(
+                    f"File not found: path={file_or_directory}, "
+                    f"relative_url={__file_uri__}"
+                )
+                raise not_found
+        return file_path
--- a/sanic/models/futures.py
+++ b/sanic/models/futures.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from pathlib import PurePath
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union

+from sanic.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
 from sanic.models.handler_types import (
    ErrorMiddlewareType,
    ListenerType,
@@ -46,16 +47,17 @@ class FutureException(NamedTuple):

 class FutureStatic(NamedTuple):
    uri: str
-    file_or_directory: Union[str, bytes, PurePath]
+    file_or_directory: Path
    pattern: str
    use_modified_since: bool
    use_content_range: bool
-    stream_large_files: bool
+    stream_large_files: Union[bool, int]
    name: str
    host: Optional[str]
    strict_slashes: Optional[bool]
-    content_type: Optional[bool]
+    content_type: Optional[str]
    resource_type: Optional[str]
+    directory_handler: DirectoryHandler


 class FutureSignal(NamedTuple):
--- a/sanic/pages/init.py
+++ b/sanic/pages/init.py
--- a/sanic/pages/base.py
+++ b/sanic/pages/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+from html5tagger import HTML, Builder, Document
+
+from sanic import __version__ as VERSION
+from sanic.application.logo import SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE
+from sanic.pages.css import CSS
+
+
+class BasePage(ABC, metaclass=CSS):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Sanic"
+    HEADING = None
+    CSS: str
+    doc: Builder
+
+    def __init__(self, debug: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    @property
+    def style(self) -> str:
+        return self.CSS
+
+    def render(self) -> str:
+        self.doc = Document(self.TITLE, lang="en", id="sanic")
+        self._head()
+        self._body()
+        self._foot()
+        return str(self.doc)
+
+    def _head(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.style(HTML(self.style))
+        with self.doc.header:
+            self.doc.div(self.HEADING or self.TITLE)
+
+    def _foot(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.footer:
+            self.doc.div("powered by")
+            with self.doc.div:
+                self._sanic_logo()
+            if self.debug:
+                self.doc.div(f"Version {VERSION}")
+                with self.doc.div:
+                    for idx, (title, href) in enumerate(
+                        (
+                            ("Docs", "https://sanic.dev"),
+                            ("Help", "https://sanic.dev/en/help.html"),
+                            ("GitHub", "https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic"),
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        if idx > 0:
+                            self.doc(" | ")
+                        self.doc.a(
+                            title,
+                            href=href,
+                            target="_blank",
+                            referrerpolicy="no-referrer",
+                        )
+                self.doc.div("DEBUG mode")
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def _sanic_logo(self) -> None:
+        self.doc.a(
+            HTML(SVG_LOGO_SIMPLE),
+            href="https://sanic.dev",
+            target="_blank",
+            referrerpolicy="no-referrer",
+        )
--- a/sanic/pages/css.py
+++ b/sanic/pages/css.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+CURRENT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def _extract_style(maybe_style: Optional[str], name: str) -> str:
+    if maybe_style is not None:
+        maybe_path = Path(maybe_style)
+        if maybe_path.exists():
+            return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+        return maybe_style
+    maybe_path = CURRENT_DIR / "styles" / f"{name}.css"
+    if maybe_path.exists():
+        return maybe_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8")
+    return ""
+
+
+class CSS(ABCMeta):
+    """Cascade stylesheets, i.e. combine all ancestor styles"""
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+        Page = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
+        # Use a locally defined STYLE or the one from styles directory
+        Page.STYLE = _extract_style(attrs.get("STYLE_FILE"), name)
+        Page.STYLE += attrs.get("STYLE_APPEND", "")
+        # Combine with all ancestor styles
+        Page.CSS = "".join(
+            Class.STYLE
+            for Class in reversed(Page.__mro__)
+            if type(Class) is CSS
+        )
+        return Page
--- a/sanic/pages/directory_page.py
+++ b/sanic/pages/directory_page.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import sys
+
+from typing import Dict, Iterable
+
+from html5tagger import E
+
+from .base import BasePage
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # no cov
+    FileInfo = Dict
+
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class FileInfo(TypedDict):
+        icon: str
+        file_name: str
+        file_access: str
+        file_size: str
+
+
+class DirectoryPage(BasePage):  # no cov
+    TITLE = "Directory Viewer"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, files: Iterable[FileInfo], url: str, debug: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(debug)
+        self.files = files
+        self.url = url
+
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        with self.doc.main:
+            self._headline()
+            files = list(self.files)
+            if files:
+                self._file_table(files)
+            else:
+                self.doc.p("The folder is empty.")
+
+    def _headline(self):
+        """Implement a heading with the current path, combined with
+        breadcrumb links"""
+        with self.doc.h1(id="breadcrumbs"):
+            p = self.url.split("/")[:-1]
+
+            for i, part in enumerate(p):
+                path = "/".join(p[: i + 1]) + "/"
+                with self.doc.a(href=path):
+                    self.doc.span(part, class_="dir").span("/", class_="sep")
+
+    def _file_table(self, files: Iterable[FileInfo]):
+        with self.doc.table(class_="autoindex container"):
+            for f in files:
+                self._file_row(**f)
+
+    def _file_row(
+        self,
+        icon: str,
+        file_name: str,
+        file_access: str,
+        file_size: str,
+    ):
+        first = E.span(icon, class_="icon").a(file_name, href=file_name)
+        self.doc.tr.td(first).td(file_size).td(file_access)
--- a/sanic/pages/error.py
+++ b/sanic/pages/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+from typing import Any, Mapping
+
+import tracerite.html
+
+from html5tagger import E
+from tracerite import html_traceback, inspector
+
+from sanic.request import Request
+
+from .base import BasePage
+
+
+# Avoid showing the request in the traceback variable inspectors
+inspector.blacklist_types += (Request,)
+
+ENDUSER_TEXT = """\
+We're sorry, but it looks like something went wrong. Please try refreshing \
+the page or navigating back to the homepage. If the issue persists, our \
+technical team is working to resolve it as soon as possible. We apologize \
+for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience.\
+"""
+
+
+class ErrorPage(BasePage):
+    STYLE_APPEND = tracerite.html.style
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        debug: bool,
+        title: str,
+        text: str,
+        request: Request,
+        exc: Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(debug)
+        name = request.app.name.replace("_", " ").strip()
+        if name.islower():
+            name = name.title()
+        self.TITLE = f"Application {name} cannot handle your request"
+        self.HEADING = E("Application ").strong(name)(
+            " cannot handle your request"
+        )
+        self.title = title
+        self.text = text
+        self.request = request
+        self.exc = exc
+        self.details_open = not getattr(exc, "quiet", False)
+
+    def _head(self) -> None:
+        self.doc._script(tracerite.html.javascript)
+        super()._head()
+
+    def _body(self) -> None:
+        debug = self.request.app.debug
+        route_name = self.request.name or "[route not found]"
+        with self.doc.main:
+            self.doc.h1(f"⚠️ {self.title}").p(self.text)
+            # Show context details if available on the exception
+            context = getattr(self.exc, "context", None)
+            if context:
+                self._key_value_table(
+                    "Issue context", "exception-context", context
+                )
+
+            if not debug:
+                with self.doc.div(id="enduser"):
+                    self.doc.p(ENDUSER_TEXT).p.a("Front Page", href="/")
+                return
+            # Show additional details in debug mode,
+            # open by default for 500 errors
+            with self.doc.details(open=self.details_open, class_="smalltext"):
+                # Show extra details if available on the exception
+                extra = getattr(self.exc, "extra", None)
+                if extra:
+                    self._key_value_table(
+                        "Issue extra data", "exception-extra", extra
+                    )
+
+                self.doc.summary(
+                    "Details for developers (Sanic debug mode only)"
+                )
+                if self.exc:
+                    with self.doc.div(class_="exception-wrapper"):
+                        self.doc.h2(f"Exception in {route_name}:")
+                        self.doc(
+                            html_traceback(self.exc, include_js_css=False)
+                        )
+
+                self._key_value_table(
+                    f"{self.request.method} {self.request.path}",
+                    "request-headers",
+                    self.request.headers,
+                )
+
+    def _key_value_table(
+        self, title: str, table_id: str, data: Mapping[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        with self.doc.div(class_="key-value-display"):
+            self.doc.h2(title)
+            with self.doc.dl(id=table_id, class_="key-value-table smalltext"):
+                for key, value in data.items():
+                    # Reading values may cause a new exception, so suppress it
+                    try:
+                        value = str(value)
+                    except Exception:
+                        value = E.em("Unable to display value")
+                    self.doc.dt.span(key, class_="nobr key").span(": ").dd(
+                        value
+                    )
--- a/sanic/pages/styles/BasePage.css
+++ b/sanic/pages/styles/BasePage.css
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/** BasePage **/
+
+:root {
+    --sanic: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-yellow: #FFE900;
+    --sanic-background: #efeced;
+    --sanic-text: #121010;
+    --sanic-text-lighter: #756169;
+    --sanic-link: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-block-background: #f7f4f6;
+    --sanic-block-text: #000;
+    --sanic-block-alt-text: #6b6468;
+    --sanic-header-background: #272325;
+    --sanic-header-border: #fff;
+    --sanic-header-text: #fff;
+    --sanic-highlight-background: var(--sanic-yellow);
+    --sanic-highlight-text: var(--sanic-text);
+    --sanic-tab-background: #f7f4f6;
+    --sanic-tab-shadow: #f7f6f6;
+    --sanic-tab-text: #222021;
+    --sanic-tracerite-var: var(--sanic-text);
+    --sanic-tracerite-val: #ff0d68;
+    --sanic-tracerite-type: #6d6a6b;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    :root {
+        --sanic-text: #f7f4f6;
+        --sanic-background: #121010;
+        --sanic-block-background: #0f0d0e;
+        --sanic-block-text: #f7f4f6;
+        --sanic-header-background: #030203;
+        --sanic-header-border: #000;
+        --sanic-highlight-text: var(--sanic-background);
+        --sanic-tab-background: #292728;
+        --sanic-tab-shadow: #0f0d0e;
+        --sanic-tab-text: #aea7ab;
+    }
+}
+
+html {
+    font: 16px sans-serif;
+    background: var(--sanic-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-text);
+    scrollbar-gutter: stable;
+    overflow: hidden auto;
+}
+
+body {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+    line-height: 125%;
+}
+
+body>* {
+    padding: 1rem 2vw;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1000px) {
+    body>* {
+        padding: 0.5rem 1.5vw;
+    }
+
+    html {
+        /* Scale everything by rem of 6px-16px by viewport width */
+        font-size: calc(6px + 10 * 100vw / 1000);
+    }
+}
+
+main {
+    /* Make sure the footer is closer to bottom */
+    min-height: 70vh;
+    /* Generous padding for readability */
+    padding: 1rem 2.5rem;
+}
+
+.smalltext {
+    font-size: 1.0rem;
+}
+
+.container {
+    min-width: 600px;
+    max-width: 1600px;
+}
+
+header {
+    background: var(--sanic-header-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-header-text);
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sanic-header-border);
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+footer {
+    text-align: center;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    margin: 2rem;
+    line-height: 1.5em;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: var(--sanic-link);
+}
+
+a:hover,
+a:focus {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+    outline: none;
+}
+
+
+span.icon {
+    margin-right: 1rem;
+}
+
+#logo-simple {
+    height: 1.75rem;
+    padding: 0 0.25rem;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    #logo-simple path:last-child {
+        fill: #e1e1e1;
+    }
+}
+
+#sanic pre,
+#sanic code {
+    font-family: "Fira Code",
+        "Source Code Pro",
+        Menlo,
+        Meslo,
+        Monaco,
+        Consolas,
+        Lucida Console,
+        monospace;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+}
--- a/sanic/pages/styles/DirectoryPage.css
+++ b/sanic/pages/styles/DirectoryPage.css
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/** DirectoryPage **/
+#breadcrumbs>a:hover {
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir {
+    padding: 0 0.25em;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child:hover::before,
+#breadcrumbs>a .dir:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:first-child::before {
+    content: "🏠";
+}
+
+#breadcrumbs>a:last-child {
+    color: #ff0d68;
+}
+
+main a {
+    color: inherit;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table.autoindex {
+    width: 100%;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr {
+    display: flex;
+}
+
+table.autoindex tr:hover {
+    background-color: #ddd;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td {
+    margin: 0 0.5rem;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:first-child {
+    flex: 1;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:nth-child(2) {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+table.autoindex td:last-child {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    table.autoindex tr:hover {
+        background-color: #222;
+    }
+}
--- a/sanic/pages/styles/ErrorPage.css
+++ b/sanic/pages/styles/ErrorPage.css
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/** ErrorPage **/
+#enduser {
+    max-width: 30em;
+    margin: 5em auto 5em auto;
+    text-align: justify;
+    /*text-justify: both;*/
+}
+
+#enduser a {
+    color: var(--sanic-blue);
+}
+
+#enduser p:last-child {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+summary {
+    margin-top: 3em;
+    color: var(--sanic-text-lighter);
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.tracerite {
+    --tracerite-var: var(--sanic-tracerite-var);
+    --tracerite-val: var(--sanic-tracerite-val);
+    --tracerite-type: var(--sanic-tracerite-type);
+    --tracerite-exception: var(--sanic);
+    --tracerite-highlight: var(--sanic-yellow);
+    --tracerite-tab: var(--sanic-tab-background);
+    --tracerite-tab-text: var(--sanic-tab-text);
+}
+
+.tracerite>h3 {
+    margin: 0.5rem 0 !important;
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .traceback-labels button {
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    line-height: 120%;
+    background: var(--tracerite-tab);
+    color: var(--tracerite-tab-text);
+    transition: 0.3s;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.tracerite .traceback-labels {
+    padding-top: 5px;
+}
+
+.tracerite .traceback-labels button:hover {
+    filter: contrast(150%) brightness(120%) drop-shadow(0 -0 2px var(--sanic-tab-shadow));
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .tracerite-tooltip::before {
+    bottom: 1.75em;
+}
+
+#sanic .tracerite .traceback-details mark span {
+    background: var(--sanic-highlight-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-highlight-text);
+}
+
+header {
+    background: var(--sanic-header-background);
+}
+
+h2 {
+    font-size: 1.3rem;
+    color: var(--sanic-text);
+}
+
+.key-value-display,
+.exception-wrapper {
+    padding: 0.5rem;
+    margin-top: 1rem;
+}
+
+.key-value-display {
+    background-color: var(--sanic-block-background);
+    color: var(--sanic-block-text);
+}
+
+.key-value-display h2 {
+    margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table {
+    width: 100%;
+    margin: 0;
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr 5fr;
+    grid-gap: .3em;
+    white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table * {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table dt {
+    color: var(--sanic-block-alt-text);
+    word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+dl.key-value-table dd {
+    /* Better breaking for cookies header and such */
+    word-break: break-all;
+}
--- a/sanic/request/init.py
+++ b/sanic/request/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from .form import File, parse_multipart_form
+from .parameters import RequestParameters
+from .types import Request
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "File",
+    "parse_multipart_form",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestParameters",
+)
--- a/sanic/request/form.py
+++ b/sanic/request/form.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import email.utils
+import unicodedata
+
+from typing import NamedTuple
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from sanic.headers import parse_content_header
+from sanic.log import logger
+
+from .parameters import RequestParameters
+
+
+class File(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    Model for defining a file. It is a ``namedtuple``, therefore you can
+    iterate over the object, or access the parameters by name.
+
+    :param type: The mimetype, defaults to text/plain
+    :param body: Bytes of the file
+    :param name: The filename
+    """
+
+    type: str
+    body: bytes
+    name: str
+
+
+def parse_multipart_form(body, boundary):
+    """
+    Parse a request body and returns fields and files
+
+    :param body: bytes request body
+    :param boundary: bytes multipart boundary
+    :return: fields (RequestParameters), files (RequestParameters)
+    """
+    files = {}
+    fields = {}
+
+    form_parts = body.split(boundary)
+    for form_part in form_parts[1:-1]:
+        file_name = None
+        content_type = "text/plain"
+        content_charset = "utf-8"
+        field_name = None
+        line_index = 2
+        line_end_index = 0
+        while not line_end_index == -1:
+            line_end_index = form_part.find(b"\r\n", line_index)
+            form_line = form_part[line_index:line_end_index].decode("utf-8")
+            line_index = line_end_index + 2
+
+            if not form_line:
+                break
+
+            colon_index = form_line.index(":")
+            idx = colon_index + 2
+            form_header_field = form_line[0:colon_index].lower()
+            form_header_value, form_parameters = parse_content_header(
+                form_line[idx:]
+            )
+
+            if form_header_field == "content-disposition":
+                field_name = form_parameters.get("name")
+                file_name = form_parameters.get("filename")
+
+                # non-ASCII filenames in RFC2231, "filename*" format
+                if file_name is None and form_parameters.get("filename*"):
+                    encoding, _, value = email.utils.decode_rfc2231(
+                        form_parameters["filename*"]
+                    )
+                    file_name = unquote(value, encoding=encoding)
+
+                # Normalize to NFC (Apple MacOS/iOS send NFD)
+                # Notes:
+                # - No effect for Windows, Linux or Android clients which
+                #   already send NFC
+                # - Python open() is tricky (creates files in NFC no matter
+                #   which form you use)
+                if file_name is not None:
+                    file_name = unicodedata.normalize("NFC", file_name)
+
+            elif form_header_field == "content-type":
+                content_type = form_header_value
+                content_charset = form_parameters.get("charset", "utf-8")
+
+        if field_name:
+            post_data = form_part[line_index:-4]
+            if file_name is None:
+                value = post_data.decode(content_charset)
+                if field_name in fields:
+                    fields[field_name].append(value)
+                else:
+                    fields[field_name] = [value]
+            else:
+                form_file = File(
+                    type=content_type, name=file_name, body=post_data
+                )
+                if field_name in files:
+                    files[field_name].append(form_file)
+                else:
+                    files[field_name] = [form_file]
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Form-data field does not have a 'name' parameter "
+                "in the Content-Disposition header"
+            )
+
+    return RequestParameters(fields), RequestParameters(files)
--- a/sanic/request/parameters.py
+++ b/sanic/request/parameters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+
+class RequestParameters(dict):
+    """
+    Hosts a dict with lists as values where get returns the first
+    value of the list and getlist returns the whole shebang
+    """
+
+    def get(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Return the first value, either the default or actual"""
+        return super().get(name, [default])[0]
+
+    def getlist(
+        self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None
+    ) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """
+        Return the entire list
+        """
+        return super().get(name, default)
--- a/sanic/request/types.py
+++ b/sanic/request/types.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ from typing import (
    DefaultDict,
    Dict,
    List,
-    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Tuple,
    Union,
+    cast,
 )

 from sanic_routing.route import Route
@@ -26,13 +26,11 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from sanic.server import ConnInfo
    from sanic.app import Sanic

-import email.utils
 import uuid

 from collections import defaultdict
-from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from urllib.parse import parse_qs, parse_qsl, unquote, urlunparse
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, parse_qsl, urlunparse

 from httptools import parse_url
 from httptools.parser.errors import HttpParserInvalidURLError
@@ -44,9 +42,10 @@ from sanic.constants import (
    IDEMPOTENT_HTTP_METHODS,
    SAFE_HTTP_METHODS,
 )
+from sanic.cookies.request import CookieRequestParameters, parse_cookie
 from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, BadURL, ServerError
 from sanic.headers import (
-    AcceptContainer,
+    AcceptList,
    Options,
    parse_accept,
    parse_content_header,
@@ -56,10 +55,13 @@ from sanic.headers import (
    parse_xforwarded,
 )
 from sanic.http import Stage
-from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger
 from sanic.models.protocol_types import TransportProtocol
 from sanic.response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse

+from .form import parse_multipart_form
+from .parameters import RequestParameters
+

 try:
    from ujson import loads as json_loads  # type: ignore
@@ -67,25 +69,6 @@ except ImportError:
    from json import loads as json_loads  # type: ignore


-class RequestParameters(dict):
-    """
-    Hosts a dict with lists as values where get returns the first
-    value of the list and getlist returns the whole shebang
-    """
-
-    def get(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Optional[Any]:
-        """Return the first value, either the default or actual"""
-        return super().get(name, [default])[0]
-
-    def getlist(
-        self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None
-    ) -> Optional[Any]:
-        """
-        Return the entire list
-        """
-        return super().get(name, default)
-
-
 class Request:
    """
    Properties of an HTTP request such as URL, headers, etc.
@@ -119,6 +102,7 @@ class Request:
        "method",
        "parsed_accept",
        "parsed_args",
+        "parsed_cookies",
        "parsed_credentials",
        "parsed_files",
        "parsed_form",
@@ -145,12 +129,12 @@ class Request:
        head: bytes = b"",
        stream_id: int = 0,
    ):
-
        self.raw_url = url_bytes
        try:
            self._parsed_url = parse_url(url_bytes)
        except HttpParserInvalidURLError:
-            raise BadURL(f"Bad URL: {url_bytes.decode()}")
+            url = url_bytes.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+            raise BadURL(f"Bad URL: {url}")
        self._id: Optional[Union[uuid.UUID, str, int]] = None
        self._name: Optional[str] = None
        self._stream_id = stream_id
@@ -166,25 +150,25 @@ class Request:
        self.body = b""
        self.conn_info: Optional[ConnInfo] = None
        self.ctx = SimpleNamespace()
-        self.parsed_forwarded: Optional[Options] = None
-        self.parsed_accept: Optional[AcceptContainer] = None
-        self.parsed_credentials: Optional[Credentials] = None
-        self.parsed_json = None
-        self.parsed_form: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
-        self.parsed_files: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
-        self.parsed_token: Optional[str] = None
+        self.parsed_accept: Optional[AcceptList] = None
        self.parsed_args: DefaultDict[
            Tuple[bool, bool, str, str], RequestParameters
        ] = defaultdict(RequestParameters)
+        self.parsed_cookies: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
+        self.parsed_credentials: Optional[Credentials] = None
+        self.parsed_files: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
+        self.parsed_form: Optional[RequestParameters] = None
+        self.parsed_forwarded: Optional[Options] = None
+        self.parsed_json = None
        self.parsed_not_grouped_args: DefaultDict[
            Tuple[bool, bool, str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]
        ] = defaultdict(list)
+        self.parsed_token: Optional[str] = None
        self._request_middleware_started = False
        self._response_middleware_started = False
        self.responded: bool = False
        self.route: Optional[Route] = None
        self.stream: Optional[Stream] = None
-        self._cookies: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
        self._match_info: Dict[str, Any] = {}
        self._protocol = None

@@ -221,16 +205,6 @@ class Request:
    def generate_id(*_):
        return uuid.uuid4()

-    @property
-    def request_middleware_started(self):
-        deprecation(
-            "Request.request_middleware_started has been deprecated and will"
-            "be removed. You should set a flag on the request context using"
-            "either middleware or signals if you need this feature.",
-            23.3,
-        )
-        return self._request_middleware_started
-
    @property
    def stream_id(self):
        """
@@ -499,14 +473,17 @@ class Request:
        return self.parsed_json

    @property
-    def accept(self) -> AcceptContainer:
-        """
+    def accept(self) -> AcceptList:
+        """Accepted response content types.
+
+        A convenience handler for easier RFC-compliant matching of MIME types,
+        parsed as a list that can match wildcards and includes */* by default.
+
        :return: The ``Accept`` header parsed
-        :rtype: AcceptContainer
+        :rtype: AcceptList
        """
        if self.parsed_accept is None:
-            accept_header = self.headers.getone("accept", "")
-            self.parsed_accept = parse_accept(accept_header)
+            self.parsed_accept = parse_accept(self.headers.get("accept"))
        return self.parsed_accept

    @property
@@ -728,24 +705,21 @@ class Request:
    default values.
    """

+    def get_cookies(self) -> RequestParameters:
+        cookie = self.headers.getone("cookie", "")
+        self.parsed_cookies = CookieRequestParameters(parse_cookie(cookie))
+        return self.parsed_cookies
+
    @property
-    def cookies(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def cookies(self) -> RequestParameters:
        """
        :return: Incoming cookies on the request
        :rtype: Dict[str, str]
        """

-        if self._cookies is None:
-            cookie = self.headers.getone("cookie", None)
-            if cookie is not None:
-                cookies: SimpleCookie = SimpleCookie()
-                cookies.load(cookie)
-                self._cookies = {
-                    name: cookie.value for name, cookie in cookies.items()
-                }
-            else:
-                self._cookies = {}
-        return self._cookies
+        if self.parsed_cookies is None:
+            self.get_cookies()
+        return cast(CookieRequestParameters, self.parsed_cookies)

    @property
    def content_type(self) -> str:
@@ -1023,91 +997,3 @@ class Request:
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.method in CACHEABLE_HTTP_METHODS
-
-
-class File(NamedTuple):
-    """
-    Model for defining a file. It is a ``namedtuple``, therefore you can
-    iterate over the object, or access the parameters by name.
-
-    :param type: The mimetype, defaults to text/plain
-    :param body: Bytes of the file
-    :param name: The filename
-    """
-
-    type: str
-    body: bytes
-    name: str
-
-
-def parse_multipart_form(body, boundary):
-    """
-    Parse a request body and returns fields and files
-
-    :param body: bytes request body
-    :param boundary: bytes multipart boundary
-    :return: fields (RequestParameters), files (RequestParameters)
-    """
-    files = RequestParameters()
-    fields = RequestParameters()
-
-    form_parts = body.split(boundary)
-    for form_part in form_parts[1:-1]:
-        file_name = None
-        content_type = "text/plain"
-        content_charset = "utf-8"
-        field_name = None
-        line_index = 2
-        line_end_index = 0
-        while not line_end_index == -1:
-            line_end_index = form_part.find(b"\r\n", line_index)
-            form_line = form_part[line_index:line_end_index].decode("utf-8")
-            line_index = line_end_index + 2
-
-            if not form_line:
-                break
-
-            colon_index = form_line.index(":")
-            idx = colon_index + 2
-            form_header_field = form_line[0:colon_index].lower()
-            form_header_value, form_parameters = parse_content_header(
-                form_line[idx:]
-            )
-
-            if form_header_field == "content-disposition":
-                field_name = form_parameters.get("name")
-                file_name = form_parameters.get("filename")
-
-                # non-ASCII filenames in RFC2231, "filename*" format
-                if file_name is None and form_parameters.get("filename*"):
-                    encoding, _, value = email.utils.decode_rfc2231(
-                        form_parameters["filename*"]
-                    )
-                    file_name = unquote(value, encoding=encoding)
-            elif form_header_field == "content-type":
-                content_type = form_header_value
-                content_charset = form_parameters.get("charset", "utf-8")
-
-        if field_name:
-            post_data = form_part[line_index:-4]
-            if file_name is None:
-                value = post_data.decode(content_charset)
-                if field_name in fields:
-                    fields[field_name].append(value)
-                else:
-                    fields[field_name] = [value]
-            else:
-                form_file = File(
-                    type=content_type, name=file_name, body=post_data
-                )
-                if field_name in files:
-                    files[field_name].append(form_file)
-                else:
-                    files[field_name] = [form_file]
-        else:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Form-data field does not have a 'name' parameter "
-                "in the Content-Disposition header"
-            )
-
-    return fields, files
--- a/sanic/response/convenience.py
+++ b/sanic/response/convenience.py
@@ -148,7 +148,26 @@ async def validate_file(
        last_modified = datetime.fromtimestamp(
            float(last_modified), tz=timezone.utc
        ).replace(microsecond=0)
-    if last_modified <= if_modified_since:
+
+    if (
+        last_modified.utcoffset() is None
+        and if_modified_since.utcoffset() is not None
+    ):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot compare tz-aware and tz-naive datetimes. To avoid "
+            "this conflict Sanic is converting last_modified to UTC."
+        )
+        last_modified.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    elif (
+        last_modified.utcoffset() is not None
+        and if_modified_since.utcoffset() is None
+    ):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot compare tz-aware and tz-naive datetimes. To avoid "
+            "this conflict Sanic is converting if_modified_since to UTC."
+        )
+        if_modified_since.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    if last_modified.timestamp() <= if_modified_since.timestamp():
        return HTTPResponse(status=304)


--- a/sanic/response/types.py
+++ b/sanic/response/types.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

+from datetime import datetime
 from functools import partial
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ from typing import (

 from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.cookies import CookieJar
+from sanic.cookies.response import Cookie, SameSite
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException, ServerError
 from sanic.helpers import (
    Default,
@@ -158,6 +160,117 @@ class BaseHTTPResponse:
            end_stream=end_stream or False,
        )

+    def add_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str,
+        *,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        secure: bool = True,
+        max_age: Optional[int] = None,
+        expires: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Optional[SameSite] = "Lax",
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+        comment: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> Cookie:
+        """
+        Add a cookie to the CookieJar
+
+        :param key: Key of the cookie
+        :type key: str
+        :param value: Value of the cookie
+        :type value: str
+        :param path: Path of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type path: Optional[str], optional
+        :param domain: Domain of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type domain: Optional[str], optional
+        :param secure: Whether to set it as a secure cookie, defaults to True
+        :type secure: bool
+        :param max_age: Max age of the cookie in seconds; if set to 0 a
+            browser should delete it, defaults to None
+        :type max_age: Optional[int], optional
+        :param expires: When the cookie expires; if set to None browsers
+            should set it as a session cookie, defaults to None
+        :type expires: Optional[datetime], optional
+        :param httponly: Whether to set it as HTTP only, defaults to False
+        :type httponly: bool
+        :param samesite: How to set the samesite property, should be
+            strict, lax or none (case insensitive), defaults to Lax
+        :type samesite: Optional[SameSite], optional
+        :param partitioned: Whether to set it as partitioned, defaults to False
+        :type partitioned: bool
+        :param comment: A cookie comment, defaults to None
+        :type comment: Optional[str], optional
+        :param host_prefix: Whether to add __Host- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that path="/", domain=None, and secure=True,
+            defaults to False
+        :type host_prefix: bool
+        :param secure_prefix: Whether to add __Secure- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that secure=True, defaults to False
+        :type secure_prefix: bool
+        :return: The instance of the created cookie
+        :rtype: Cookie
+        """
+        return self.cookies.add_cookie(
+            key=key,
+            value=value,
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            secure=secure,
+            max_age=max_age,
+            expires=expires,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            samesite=samesite,
+            partitioned=partitioned,
+            comment=comment,
+            host_prefix=host_prefix,
+            secure_prefix=secure_prefix,
+        )
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        *,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_prefix: bool = False,
+        secure_prefix: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a cookie
+
+        This will effectively set it as Max-Age: 0, which a browser should
+        interpret it to mean: "delete the cookie".
+
+        Since it is a browser/client implementation, your results may vary
+        depending upon which client is being used.
+
+        :param key: The key to be deleted
+        :type key: str
+        :param path: Path of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type path: Optional[str], optional
+        :param domain: Domain of the cookie, defaults to None
+        :type domain: Optional[str], optional
+        :param host_prefix: Whether to add __Host- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that path="/", domain=None, and secure=True,
+            defaults to False
+        :type host_prefix: bool
+        :param secure_prefix: Whether to add __Secure- as a prefix to the key.
+            This requires that secure=True, defaults to False
+        :type secure_prefix: bool
+        """
+        self.cookies.delete_cookie(
+            key=key,
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            host_prefix=host_prefix,
+            secure_prefix=secure_prefix,
+        )
+

 class HTTPResponse(BaseHTTPResponse):
    """
@@ -407,6 +520,8 @@ class ResponseStream:
        headers: Optional[Union[Header, Dict[str, str]]] = None,
        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
+        if not isinstance(headers, Header):
+            headers = Header(headers)
        self.streaming_fn = streaming_fn
        self.status = status
        self.headers = headers or Header()
--- a/sanic/router.py
+++ b/sanic/router.py
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
                extra={"host": host} if host else None,
            )
        except RoutingNotFound as e:
-            raise NotFound("Requested URL {} not found".format(e.path))
+            raise NotFound(f"Requested URL {e.path} not found") from None
        except NoMethod as e:
            raise MethodNotAllowed(
-                "Method {} not allowed for URL {}".format(method, path),
+                f"Method {method} not allowed for URL {path}",
                method=method,
-                allowed_methods=e.allowed_methods,
-            )
+                allowed_methods=tuple(e.allowed_methods)
+                if e.allowed_methods
+                else None,
+            ) from None

    @lru_cache(maxsize=ROUTER_CACHE_SIZE)
    def get(  # type: ignore
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
            correct response
        :rtype: Tuple[ Route, RouteHandler, Dict[str, Any]]
        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
        return self._get(path, method, host)

    def add(  # type: ignore
@@ -132,7 +135,16 @@ class Router(BaseRouter):
            if host:
                params.update({"requirements": {"host": host}})

+            ident = name
+            if len(hosts) > 1:
+                ident = (
+                    f"{name}_{host.replace('.', '_')}"
+                    if name
+                    else "__unnamed__"
+                )
+
            route = super().add(**params)  # type: ignore
+            route.extra.ident = ident
            route.extra.ignore_body = ignore_body
            route.extra.stream = stream
            route.extra.hosts = hosts
--- a/sanic/server/init.py
+++ b/sanic/server/init.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from sanic.models.server_types import ConnInfo, Signal
 from sanic.server.async_server import AsyncioServer
 from sanic.server.loop import try_use_uvloop
 from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import HttpProtocol
-from sanic.server.runners import serve, serve_multiple, serve_single
+from sanic.server.runners import serve


 __all__ = (
@@ -11,7 +11,5 @@ __all__ = (
    "HttpProtocol",
    "Signal",
    "serve",
-    "serve_multiple",
-    "serve_single",
    "try_use_uvloop",
 )
--- a/sanic/server/legacy.py
+++ b/sanic/server/legacy.py
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-import itertools
-import os
-import signal
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-from time import sleep
-
-
-def _iter_module_files():
-    """This iterates over all relevant Python files.
-    It goes through all
-    loaded files from modules, all files in folders of already loaded modules
-    as well as all files reachable through a package.
-    """
-    # The list call is necessary on Python 3 in case the module
-    # dictionary modifies during iteration.
-    for module in list(sys.modules.values()):
-        if module is None:
-            continue
-        filename = getattr(module, "__file__", None)
-        if filename:
-            old = None
-            while not os.path.isfile(filename):
-                old = filename
-                filename = os.path.dirname(filename)
-                if filename == old:
-                    break
-            else:
-                if filename[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"):
-                    filename = filename[:-1]
-                yield filename
-
-
-def _get_args_for_reloading():
-    """Returns the executable."""
-    main_module = sys.modules["__main__"]
-    mod_spec = getattr(main_module, "__spec__", None)
-    if sys.argv[0] in ("", "-c"):
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Autoreloader cannot work with argv[0]={sys.argv[0]!r}"
-        )
-    if mod_spec:
-        # Parent exe was launched as a module rather than a script
-        return [sys.executable, "-m", mod_spec.name] + sys.argv[1:]
-    return [sys.executable] + sys.argv
-
-
-def restart_with_reloader(changed=None):
-    """Create a new process and a subprocess in it with the same arguments as
-    this one.
-    """
-    reloaded = ",".join(changed) if changed else ""
-    return subprocess.Popen(  # nosec B603
-        _get_args_for_reloading(),
-        env={
-            **os.environ,
-            "SANIC_SERVER_RUNNING": "true",
-            "SANIC_RELOADER_PROCESS": "true",
-            "SANIC_RELOADED_FILES": reloaded,
-        },
-    )
-
-
-def _check_file(filename, mtimes):
-    need_reload = False
-
-    mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
-    old_time = mtimes.get(filename)
-    if old_time is None:
-        mtimes[filename] = mtime
-    elif mtime > old_time:
-        mtimes[filename] = mtime
-        need_reload = True
-
-    return need_reload
-
-
-def watchdog(sleep_interval, reload_dirs):
-    """Watch project files, restart worker process if a change happened.
-    :param sleep_interval: interval in second.
-    :return: Nothing
-    """
-
-    def interrupt_self(*args):
-        raise KeyboardInterrupt
-
-    mtimes = {}
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, interrupt_self)
-    if os.name == "nt":
-        signal.signal(signal.SIGBREAK, interrupt_self)
-
-    worker_process = restart_with_reloader()
-
-    try:
-        while True:
-
-            changed = set()
-            for filename in itertools.chain(
-                _iter_module_files(),
-                *(d.glob("**/*") for d in reload_dirs),
-            ):
-                try:
-                    if _check_file(filename, mtimes):
-                        path = (
-                            filename
-                            if isinstance(filename, str)
-                            else filename.resolve()
-                        )
-                        changed.add(str(path))
-                except OSError:
-                    continue
-
-            if changed:
-                worker_process.terminate()
-                worker_process.wait()
-                worker_process = restart_with_reloader(changed)
-
-            sleep(sleep_interval)
-    except KeyboardInterrupt:
-        pass
-    finally:
-        worker_process.terminate()
-        worker_process.wait()
--- a/sanic/server/loop.py
+++ b/sanic/server/loop.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import asyncio
 import sys

-from distutils.util import strtobool
 from os import getenv

 from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS
 from sanic.log import error_logger
+from sanic.utils import str_to_bool


 def try_use_uvloop() -> None:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def try_use_uvloop() -> None:
        )
        return

-    uvloop_install_removed = strtobool(getenv("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no"))
+    uvloop_install_removed = str_to_bool(getenv("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no"))
    if uvloop_install_removed:
        error_logger.info(
            "You are requesting to run Sanic using uvloop, but the "
--- a/sanic/server/protocols/websocket_protocol.py
+++ b/sanic/server/protocols/websocket_protocol.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ except ImportError:  # websockets >= 11.0

 from websockets.typing import Subprotocol

-from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
+from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
 from sanic.log import logger
 from sanic.server import HttpProtocol

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
                "See server log for more information.\n"
            )
-            raise ServerError(msg, status_code=500)
+            raise SanicException(msg, status_code=500)
        if 100 <= resp.status_code <= 299:
            first_line = (
                f"HTTP/1.1 {resp.status_code} {resp.reason_phrase}\r\n"
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class WebSocketProtocol(HttpProtocol):
                rbody += b"\r\n\r\n"
            await super().send(rbody)
        else:
-            raise ServerError(resp.body, resp.status_code)
+            raise SanicException(resp.body, resp.status_code)
        self.websocket = WebsocketImplProtocol(
            ws_proto,
            ping_interval=self.websocket_ping_interval,
--- a/sanic/server/runners.py
+++ b/sanic/server/runners.py
@@ -9,19 +9,17 @@ from sanic.config import Config
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerError
 from sanic.http.constants import HTTP
 from sanic.http.tls import get_ssl_context
-from sanic.server.events import trigger_events


 if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from sanic.app import Sanic

 import asyncio
-import multiprocessing
 import os
 import socket

 from functools import partial
-from signal import SIG_IGN, SIGINT, SIGTERM, Signals
+from signal import SIG_IGN, SIGINT, SIGTERM
 from signal import signal as signal_func

 from sanic.application.ext import setup_ext
@@ -31,11 +29,7 @@ from sanic.log import error_logger, server_logger
 from sanic.models.server_types import Signal
 from sanic.server.async_server import AsyncioServer
 from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import Http3Protocol, HttpProtocol
-from sanic.server.socket import (
-    bind_socket,
-    bind_unix_socket,
-    remove_unix_socket,
-)
+from sanic.server.socket import bind_unix_socket, remove_unix_socket


 try:
@@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ def _serve_http_1(
    asyncio_server_kwargs = (
        asyncio_server_kwargs if asyncio_server_kwargs else {}
    )
-    if OS_IS_WINDOWS:
+    if OS_IS_WINDOWS and sock:
        pid = os.getpid()
        sock = sock.share(pid)
        sock = socket.fromshare(sock)
@@ -229,6 +223,7 @@ def _serve_http_1(

    loop.run_until_complete(app._startup())
    loop.run_until_complete(app._server_event("init", "before"))
+    app.ack()

    try:
        http_server = loop.run_until_complete(server_coroutine)
@@ -306,6 +301,7 @@ def _serve_http_3(
    server = AsyncioServer(app, loop, coro, [])
    loop.run_until_complete(server.startup())
    loop.run_until_complete(server.before_start())
+    app.ack()
    loop.run_until_complete(server)
    _setup_system_signals(app, run_multiple, register_sys_signals, loop)
    loop.run_until_complete(server.after_start())
@@ -317,94 +313,6 @@ def _serve_http_3(
    )


-def serve_single(server_settings):
-    main_start = server_settings.pop("main_start", None)
-    main_stop = server_settings.pop("main_stop", None)
-
-    if not server_settings.get("run_async"):
-        # create new event_loop after fork
-        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
-        server_settings["loop"] = loop
-
-    trigger_events(main_start, server_settings["loop"])
-    serve(**server_settings)
-    trigger_events(main_stop, server_settings["loop"])
-
-    server_settings["loop"].close()
-
-
-def serve_multiple(server_settings, workers):
-    """Start multiple server processes simultaneously.  Stop on interrupt
-    and terminate signals, and drain connections when complete.
-
-    :param server_settings: kw arguments to be passed to the serve function
-    :param workers: number of workers to launch
-    :param stop_event: if provided, is used as a stop signal
-    :return:
-    """
-    server_settings["reuse_port"] = True
-    server_settings["run_multiple"] = True
-
-    main_start = server_settings.pop("main_start", None)
-    main_stop = server_settings.pop("main_stop", None)
-    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-    asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
-
-    trigger_events(main_start, loop)
-
-    # Create a listening socket or use the one in settings
-    sock = server_settings.get("sock")
-    unix = server_settings["unix"]
-    backlog = server_settings["backlog"]
-    if unix:
-        sock = bind_unix_socket(unix, backlog=backlog)
-        server_settings["unix"] = unix
-    if sock is None:
-        sock = bind_socket(
-            server_settings["host"], server_settings["port"], backlog=backlog
-        )
-        sock.set_inheritable(True)
-        server_settings["sock"] = sock
-        server_settings["host"] = None
-        server_settings["port"] = None
-
-    processes = []
-
-    def sig_handler(signal, frame):
-        server_logger.info(
-            "Received signal %s. Shutting down.", Signals(signal).name
-        )
-        for process in processes:
-            os.kill(process.pid, SIGTERM)
-
-    signal_func(SIGINT, lambda s, f: sig_handler(s, f))
-    signal_func(SIGTERM, lambda s, f: sig_handler(s, f))
-    mp = multiprocessing.get_context("fork")
-
-    for _ in range(workers):
-        process = mp.Process(
-            target=serve,
-            kwargs=server_settings,
-        )
-        process.daemon = True
-        process.start()
-        processes.append(process)
-
-    for process in processes:
-        process.join()
-
-    # the above processes will block this until they're stopped
-    for process in processes:
-        process.terminate()
-
-    trigger_events(main_stop, loop)
-
-    sock.close()
-    loop.close()
-    remove_unix_socket(unix)
-
-
 def _build_protocol_kwargs(
    protocol: Type[asyncio.Protocol], config: Config
 ) -> Dict[str, Union[int, float]]:
--- a/sanic/server/websockets/connection.py
+++ b/sanic/server/websockets/connection.py
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ from typing import (
    Union,
 )

+from sanic.exceptions import InvalidUsage

-ASIMessage = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+
+ASGIMessage = MutableMapping[str, Any]


 class WebSocketConnection:
@@ -25,8 +27,8 @@ class WebSocketConnection:

    def __init__(
        self,
-        send: Callable[[ASIMessage], Awaitable[None]],
-        receive: Callable[[], Awaitable[ASIMessage]],
+        send: Callable[[ASGIMessage], Awaitable[None]],
+        receive: Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIMessage]],
        subprotocols: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._send = send
@@ -43,11 +45,17 @@ class WebSocketConnection:

        await self._send(message)

-    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def recv(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[Union[str, bytes]]:
        message = await self._receive()

        if message["type"] == "websocket.receive":
-            return message["text"]
+            try:
+                return message["text"]
+            except KeyError:
+                try:
+                    return message["bytes"]
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise InvalidUsage("Bad ASGI message received")
        elif message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":
            pass

--- a/sanic/server/websockets/frame.py
+++ b/sanic/server/websockets/frame.py
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ class WebsocketFrameAssembler:
        paused: bool

    def __init__(self, protocol) -> None:
-
        self.protocol = protocol

        self.read_mutex = asyncio.Lock()
--- a/sanic/server/websockets/impl.py
+++ b/sanic/server/websockets/impl.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ except ImportError:  # websockets >= 11.0

 from websockets.typing import Data

-from sanic.log import deprecation, error_logger, logger
+from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
 from sanic.server.protocols.base_protocol import SanicProtocol

 from ...exceptions import ServerError, WebsocketClosed
@@ -99,15 +99,6 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
    def subprotocol(self):
        return self.ws_proto.subprotocol

-    @property
-    def connection(self):
-        deprecation(
-            "The connection property has been deprecated and will be removed. "
-            "Please use the ws_proto property instead going forward.",
-            22.6,
-        )
-        return self.ws_proto
-
    def pause_frames(self):
        if not self.can_pause:
            return False
@@ -686,7 +677,6 @@ class WebsocketImplProtocol:
        :raises TypeError: for unsupported inputs
        """
        async with self.conn_mutex:
-
            if self.ws_proto.state in (CLOSED, CLOSING):
                raise WebsocketClosed(
                    "Cannot write to websocket interface after it is closed."
--- a/sanic/signals.py
+++ b/sanic/signals.py
@@ -154,9 +154,7 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
        try:
            for signal in signals:
                params.pop("__trigger__", None)
-                requirements = getattr(
-                    signal.handler, "__requirements__", None
-                )
+                requirements = signal.extra.requirements
                if (
                    (condition is None and signal.ctx.exclusive is False)
                    or (condition is None and not requirements)
@@ -219,8 +217,13 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
        if not trigger:
            event = ".".join([*parts[:2], "<__trigger__>"])

-        handler.__requirements__ = condition  # type: ignore
-        handler.__trigger__ = trigger  # type: ignore
+        try:
+            # Attaching __requirements__ and __trigger__ to the handler
+            # is deprecated and will be removed in v23.6.
+            handler.__requirements__ = condition  # type: ignore
+            handler.__trigger__ = trigger  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass

        signal = super().add(
            event,
@@ -232,6 +235,7 @@ class SignalRouter(BaseRouter):
        signal.ctx.exclusive = exclusive
        signal.ctx.trigger = trigger
        signal.ctx.definition = event_definition
+        signal.extra.requirements = condition

        return cast(Signal, signal)

--- a/sanic/simple.py
+++ b/sanic/simple.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from pathlib import Path

 from sanic import Sanic
 from sanic.exceptions import SanicException
-from sanic.response import redirect


 def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
@@ -12,10 +11,8 @@ def create_simple_server(directory: Path):
        )

    app = Sanic("SimpleServer")
-    app.static("/", directory, name="main")
-
-    @app.get("/")
-    def index(_):
-        return redirect(app.url_for("main", filename="index.html"))
+    app.static(
+        "/", directory, name="main", directory_view=True, index="index.html"
+    )

    return app
--- a/sanic/touchup/meta.py
+++ b/sanic/touchup/meta.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class TouchUpMeta(SanicMeta):
        methods = attrs.get("__touchup__")
        attrs["__touched__"] = False
        if methods:
-
            for method in methods:
                if method not in attrs:
                    raise SanicException(
--- a/sanic/utils.py
+++ b/sanic/utils.py
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ def load_module_from_file_location(
        location = location.decode(encoding)

    if isinstance(location, Path) or "/" in location or "$" in location:
-
        if not isinstance(location, Path):
            # A) Check if location contains any environment variables
            #    in format ${some_env_var}.
--- a/sanic/worker/constants.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from enum import IntEnum, auto
+
+from sanic.compat import UpperStrEnum
+
+
+class RestartOrder(UpperStrEnum):
+    SHUTDOWN_FIRST = auto()
+    STARTUP_FIRST = auto()
+
+
+class ProcessState(IntEnum):
+    IDLE = auto()
+    RESTARTING = auto()
+    STARTING = auto()
+    STARTED = auto()
+    ACKED = auto()
+    JOINED = auto()
+    TERMINATED = auto()
--- a/sanic/worker/inspector.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/inspector.py
@@ -1,23 +1,17 @@
-import sys
+from __future__ import annotations

 from datetime import datetime
+from inspect import isawaitable
 from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
-from signal import SIGINT, SIGTERM
-from signal import signal as signal_func
-from socket import AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, socket, timeout
-from textwrap import indent
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from os import environ
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, Mapping, Union

-from sanic.application.logo import get_logo
-from sanic.application.motd import MOTDTTY
-from sanic.log import Colors, error_logger, logger
-from sanic.server.socket import configure_socket
-
-
-try:  # no cov
-    from ujson import dumps, loads
-except ModuleNotFoundError:  # no cov
-    from json import dumps, loads  # type: ignore
+from sanic.exceptions import Unauthorized
+from sanic.helpers import Default
+from sanic.log import logger
+from sanic.request import Request
+from sanic.response import json


 class Inspector:
@@ -25,118 +19,105 @@ class Inspector:
        self,
        publisher: Connection,
        app_info: Dict[str, Any],
-        worker_state: Dict[str, Any],
+        worker_state: Mapping[str, Any],
        host: str,
        port: int,
+        api_key: str,
+        tls_key: Union[Path, str, Default],
+        tls_cert: Union[Path, str, Default],
    ):
        self._publisher = publisher
-        self.run = True
        self.app_info = app_info
        self.worker_state = worker_state
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.tls_key = tls_key
+        self.tls_cert = tls_cert

-    def __call__(self) -> None:
-        sock = configure_socket(
-            {"host": self.host, "port": self.port, "unix": None, "backlog": 1}
+    def __call__(self, run=True, **_) -> Inspector:
+        from sanic import Sanic
+
+        self.app = Sanic("Inspector")
+        self._setup()
+        if run:
+            self.app.run(
+                host=self.host,
+                port=self.port,
+                single_process=True,
+                ssl={"key": self.tls_key, "cert": self.tls_cert}
+                if not isinstance(self.tls_key, Default)
+                and not isinstance(self.tls_cert, Default)
+                else None,
+            )
+        return self
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        self.app.get("/")(self._info)
+        self.app.post("/<action:str>")(self._action)
+        if self.api_key:
+            self.app.on_request(self._authentication)
+        environ["SANIC_IGNORE_PRODUCTION_WARNING"] = "true"
+
+    def _authentication(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        if request.token != self.api_key:
+            raise Unauthorized("Bad API key")
+
+    async def _action(self, request: Request, action: str):
+        logger.info("Incoming inspector action: %s", action)
+        output: Any = None
+        method = getattr(self, action, None)
+        if method:
+            kwargs = {}
+            if request.body:
+                kwargs = request.json
+            args = kwargs.pop("args", ())
+            output = method(*args, **kwargs)
+            if isawaitable(output):
+                output = await output
+
+        return await self._respond(request, output)
+
+    async def _info(self, request: Request):
+        return await self._respond(request, self._state_to_json())
+
+    async def _respond(self, request: Request, output: Any):
+        name = request.match_info.get("action", "info")
+        return json(
+            {"meta": {"action": name}, "result": output},
+            escape_forward_slashes=False,
        )
-        assert sock
-        signal_func(SIGINT, self.stop)
-        signal_func(SIGTERM, self.stop)

-        logger.info(f"Inspector started on: {sock.getsockname()}")
-        sock.settimeout(0.5)
-        try:
-            while self.run:
-                try:
-                    conn, _ = sock.accept()
-                except timeout:
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    action = conn.recv(64)
-                    if action == b"reload":
-                        conn.send(b"\n")
-                        self.reload()
-                    elif action == b"shutdown":
-                        conn.send(b"\n")
-                        self.shutdown()
-                    else:
-                        data = dumps(self.state_to_json())
-                        conn.send(data.encode())
-                        conn.close()
-        finally:
-            logger.debug("Inspector closing")
-            sock.close()
-
-    def stop(self, *_):
-        self.run = False
-
-    def state_to_json(self):
+    def _state_to_json(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        output = {"info": self.app_info}
-        output["workers"] = self.make_safe(dict(self.worker_state))
+        output["workers"] = self._make_safe(dict(self.worker_state))
        return output

-    def reload(self):
-        message = "__ALL_PROCESSES__:"
-        self._publisher.send(message)
-
-    def shutdown(self):
-        message = "__TERMINATE__"
-        self._publisher.send(message)
-
    @staticmethod
-    def make_safe(obj: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _make_safe(obj: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        for key, value in obj.items():
            if isinstance(value, dict):
-                obj[key] = Inspector.make_safe(value)
+                obj[key] = Inspector._make_safe(value)
            elif isinstance(value, datetime):
                obj[key] = value.isoformat()
        return obj

+    def reload(self, zero_downtime: bool = False) -> None:
+        message = "__ALL_PROCESSES__:"
+        if zero_downtime:
+            message += ":STARTUP_FIRST"
+        self._publisher.send(message)

-def inspect(host: str, port: int, action: str):
-    out = sys.stdout.write
-    with socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) as sock:
-        try:
-            sock.connect((host, port))
-        except ConnectionRefusedError:
-            error_logger.error(
-                f"{Colors.RED}Could not connect to inspector at: "
-                f"{Colors.YELLOW}{(host, port)}{Colors.END}\n"
-                "Either the application is not running, or it did not start "
-                "an inspector instance."
-            )
-            sock.close()
-            sys.exit(1)
-        sock.sendall(action.encode())
-        data = sock.recv(4096)
-    if action == "raw":
-        out(data.decode())
-    elif action == "pretty":
-        loaded = loads(data)
-        display = loaded.pop("info")
-        extra = display.pop("extra", {})
-        display["packages"] = ", ".join(display["packages"])
-        MOTDTTY(get_logo(), f"{host}:{port}", display, extra).display(
-            version=False,
-            action="Inspecting",
-            out=out,
-        )
-        for name, info in loaded["workers"].items():
-            info = "\n".join(
-                f"\t{key}: {Colors.BLUE}{value}{Colors.END}"
-                for key, value in info.items()
-            )
-            out(
-                "\n"
-                + indent(
-                    "\n".join(
-                        [
-                            f"{Colors.BOLD}{Colors.SANIC}{name}{Colors.END}",
-                            info,
-                        ]
-                    ),
-                    "  ",
-                )
-                + "\n"
-            )
+    def scale(self, replicas) -> str:
+        num_workers = 1
+        if replicas:
+            num_workers = int(replicas)
+        log_msg = f"Scaling to {num_workers}"
+        logger.info(log_msg)
+        message = f"__SCALE__:{num_workers}"
+        self._publisher.send(message)
+        return log_msg
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        message = "__TERMINATE__"
+        self._publisher.send(message)
--- a/sanic/worker/loader.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/loader.py
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import sys

+from contextlib import suppress
 from importlib import import_module
+from inspect import isfunction
 from pathlib import Path
+from ssl import SSLContext
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union, cast

 from sanic.http.tls.context import process_to_context
@@ -14,6 +17,8 @@ from sanic.http.tls.creators import MkcertCreator, TrustmeCreator
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from sanic import Sanic as SanicApp

+DEFAULT_APP_NAME = "app"
+

 class AppLoader:
    def __init__(
@@ -35,7 +40,11 @@ class AppLoader:

        if module_input:
            delimiter = ":" if ":" in module_input else "."
-            if module_input.count(delimiter):
+            if (
+                delimiter in module_input
+                and "\\" not in module_input
+                and "/" not in module_input
+            ):
                module_name, app_name = module_input.rsplit(delimiter, 1)
                self.module_name = module_name
                self.app_name = app_name
@@ -54,21 +63,30 @@ class AppLoader:
            from sanic.app import Sanic
            from sanic.simple import create_simple_server

-            if self.as_simple:
-                path = Path(self.module_input)
-                app = create_simple_server(path)
+            maybe_path = Path(self.module_input)
+            if self.as_simple or (
+                maybe_path.is_dir()
+                and ("\\" in self.module_input or "/" in self.module_input)
+            ):
+                app = create_simple_server(maybe_path)
            else:
-                if self.module_name == "" and os.path.isdir(self.module_input):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "App not found.\n"
-                        "   Please use --simple if you are passing a "
-                        "directory to sanic.\n"
-                        f"   eg. sanic {self.module_input} --simple"
-                    )
-
+                implied_app_name = False
+                if not self.module_name and not self.app_name:
+                    self.module_name = self.module_input
+                    self.app_name = DEFAULT_APP_NAME
+                    implied_app_name = True
                module = import_module(self.module_name)
                app = getattr(module, self.app_name, None)
-                if self.as_factory:
+                if not app and implied_app_name:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Looks like you only supplied a module name. Sanic "
+                        "tried to locate an application instance named "
+                        f"{self.module_name}:app, but was unable to locate "
+                        "an application instance. Please provide a path "
+                        "to a global instance of Sanic(), or a callable that "
+                        "will return a Sanic() application instance."
+                    )
+                if self.as_factory or isfunction(app):
                    try:
                        app = app(self.args)
                    except TypeError:
@@ -79,21 +97,18 @@ class AppLoader:
                if (
                    not isinstance(app, Sanic)
                    and self.args
-                    and hasattr(self.args, "module")
+                    and hasattr(self.args, "target")
                ):
-                    if callable(app):
-                        solution = f"sanic {self.args.module} --factory"
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            "Module is not a Sanic app, it is a "
-                            f"{app_type_name}\n"
-                            "  If this callable returns a "
-                            f"Sanic instance try: \n{solution}"
+                    with suppress(ModuleNotFoundError):
+                        maybe_module = import_module(self.module_input)
+                        app = getattr(maybe_module, "app", None)
+                    if not app:
+                        message = (
+                            "Module is not a Sanic app, "
+                            f"it is a {app_type_name}\n"
+                            f"  Perhaps you meant {self.args.target}:app?"
                        )
-
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        f"Module is not a Sanic app, it is a {app_type_name}\n"
-                        f"  Perhaps you meant {self.args.module}:app?"
-                    )
+                        raise ValueError(message)
        return app


@@ -103,8 +118,16 @@ class CertLoader:
        "trustme": TrustmeCreator,
    }

-    def __init__(self, ssl_data: Dict[str, Union[str, os.PathLike]]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_data: Optional[
+            Union[SSLContext, Dict[str, Union[str, os.PathLike]]]
+        ],
+    ):
        self._ssl_data = ssl_data
+        self._creator_class = None
+        if not ssl_data or not isinstance(ssl_data, dict):
+            return

        creator_name = cast(str, ssl_data.get("creator"))

--- a/sanic/worker/manager.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/manager.py
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import os

+from contextlib import suppress
+from itertools import count
+from random import choice
 from signal import SIGINT, SIGTERM, Signals
 from signal import signal as signal_func
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional

 from sanic.compat import OS_IS_WINDOWS
-from sanic.constants import RestartOrder
 from sanic.exceptions import ServerKilled
 from sanic.log import error_logger, logger
+from sanic.worker.constants import RestartOrder
 from sanic.worker.process import ProcessState, Worker, WorkerProcess


@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ else:


 class WorkerManager:
-    THRESHOLD = 300  # == 30 seconds
+    THRESHOLD = WorkerProcess.THRESHOLD
    MAIN_IDENT = "Sanic-Main"

    def __init__(
@@ -29,51 +32,96 @@ class WorkerManager:
        context,
        monitor_pubsub,
        worker_state,
-        restart_order: RestartOrder = RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST,
    ):
        self.num_server = number
        self.context = context
-        self.transient: List[Worker] = []
-        self.durable: List[Worker] = []
+        self.transient: Dict[str, Worker] = {}
+        self.durable: Dict[str, Worker] = {}
        self.monitor_publisher, self.monitor_subscriber = monitor_pubsub
        self.worker_state = worker_state
        self.worker_state[self.MAIN_IDENT] = {"pid": self.pid}
-        self.terminated = False
-        self.restart_order = restart_order
+        self._shutting_down = False
+        self._serve = serve
+        self._server_settings = server_settings
+        self._server_count = count()

        if number == 0:
            raise RuntimeError("Cannot serve with no workers")

-        for i in range(number):
-            self.manage(
-                f"{WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL}-{i}",
-                serve,
-                server_settings,
-                transient=True,
-            )
+        for _ in range(number):
+            self.create_server()

        signal_func(SIGINT, self.shutdown_signal)
        signal_func(SIGTERM, self.shutdown_signal)

-    def manage(self, ident, func, kwargs, transient=False):
+    def manage(
+        self,
+        ident: str,
+        func: Callable[..., Any],
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        transient: bool = False,
+        workers: int = 1,
+    ) -> Worker:
+        """
+        Instruct Sanic to manage a custom process.
+
+        :param ident: A name for the worker process
+        :type ident: str
+        :param func: The function to call in the background process
+        :type func: Callable[..., Any]
+        :param kwargs: Arguments to pass to the function
+        :type kwargs: Dict[str, Any]
+        :param transient: Whether to mark the process as transient. If True
+            then the Worker Manager will restart the process along
+            with any global restart (ex: auto-reload), defaults to False
+        :type transient: bool, optional
+        :param workers: The number of worker processes to run, defaults to 1
+        :type workers: int, optional
+        :return: The Worker instance
+        :rtype: Worker
+        """
        container = self.transient if transient else self.durable
-        container.append(
-            Worker(
-                ident,
-                func,
-                kwargs,
-                self.context,
-                self.worker_state,
-                self.restart_order,
-            )
+        worker = Worker(
+            ident, func, kwargs, self.context, self.worker_state, workers
        )
+        container[worker.ident] = worker
+        return worker
+
+    def create_server(self) -> Worker:
+        server_number = next(self._server_count)
+        return self.manage(
+            f"{WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL}-{server_number}",
+            self._serve,
+            self._server_settings,
+            transient=True,
+        )
+
+    def shutdown_server(self, ident: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        if not ident:
+            servers = [
+                worker
+                for worker in self.transient.values()
+                if worker.ident.startswith(WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL)
+            ]
+            if not servers:
+                error_logger.error(
+                    "Server shutdown failed because a server was not found."
+                )
+                return
+            worker = choice(servers)  # nosec B311
+        else:
+            worker = self.transient[ident]
+
+        for process in worker.processes:
+            process.terminate()
+
+        del self.transient[worker.ident]

    def run(self):
        self.start()
        self.monitor()
        self.join()
        self.terminate()
-        # self.kill()

    def start(self):
        for process in self.processes:
@@ -95,15 +143,41 @@ class WorkerManager:
            self.join()

    def terminate(self):
-        if not self.terminated:
+        if not self._shutting_down:
            for process in self.processes:
                process.terminate()
-        self.terminated = True

-    def restart(self, process_names: Optional[List[str]] = None, **kwargs):
+    def restart(
+        self,
+        process_names: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        restart_order=RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
        for process in self.transient_processes:
            if not process_names or process.name in process_names:
-                process.restart(**kwargs)
+                process.restart(restart_order=restart_order, **kwargs)
+
+    def scale(self, num_worker: int):
+        if num_worker <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot scale to 0 workers.")
+
+        change = num_worker - self.num_server
+        if change == 0:
+            logger.info(
+                f"No change needed. There are already {num_worker} workers."
+            )
+            return
+
+        logger.info(f"Scaling from {self.num_server} to {num_worker} workers")
+        if change > 0:
+            for _ in range(change):
+                worker = self.create_server()
+                for process in worker.processes:
+                    process.start()
+        else:
+            for _ in range(abs(change)):
+                self.shutdown_server()
+        self.num_server = num_worker

    def monitor(self):
        self.wait_for_ack()
@@ -119,7 +193,15 @@ class WorkerManager:
                    elif message == "__TERMINATE__":
                        self.shutdown()
                        break
-                    split_message = message.split(":", 1)
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Incoming monitor message: %s",
+                        message,
+                        extra={"verbosity": 1},
+                    )
+                    split_message = message.split(":", 2)
+                    if message.startswith("__SCALE__"):
+                        self.scale(int(split_message[-1]))
+                        continue
                    processes = split_message[0]
                    reloaded_files = (
                        split_message[1] if len(split_message) > 1 else None
@@ -129,9 +211,15 @@ class WorkerManager:
                    ]
                    if "__ALL_PROCESSES__" in process_names:
                        process_names = None
+                    order = (
+                        RestartOrder.STARTUP_FIRST
+                        if "STARTUP_FIRST" in split_message
+                        else RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST
+                    )
                    self.restart(
                        process_names=process_names,
                        reloaded_files=reloaded_files,
+                        restart_order=order,
                    )
                self._sync_states()
            except InterruptedError:
@@ -139,12 +227,6 @@ class WorkerManager:
                    raise
                break

-    def _sync_states(self):
-        for process in self.processes:
-            state = self.worker_state[process.name].get("state")
-            if state and process.state.name != state:
-                process.set_state(ProcessState[state], True)
-
    def wait_for_ack(self):  # no cov
        misses = 0
        message = (
@@ -152,7 +234,7 @@ class WorkerManager:
            "online in the allowed time. Sanic is shutting down to avoid a "
            f"deadlock. The current threshold is {self.THRESHOLD / 10}s. "
            "If this problem persists, please check out the documentation "
-            "___."
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/manager.html#worker-ack."
        )
        while not self._all_workers_ack():
            if self.monitor_subscriber.poll(0.1):
@@ -179,8 +261,8 @@ class WorkerManager:
                self.kill()

    @property
-    def workers(self):
-        return self.transient + self.durable
+    def workers(self) -> List[Worker]:
+        return list(self.transient.values()) + list(self.durable.values())

    @property
    def processes(self):
@@ -190,7 +272,7 @@ class WorkerManager:

    @property
    def transient_processes(self):
-        for worker in self.transient:
+        for worker in self.transient.values():
            for process in worker.processes:
                yield process

@@ -201,6 +283,11 @@ class WorkerManager:
        raise ServerKilled

    def shutdown_signal(self, signal, frame):
+        if self._shutting_down:
+            logger.info("Shutdown interrupted. Killing.")
+            with suppress(ServerKilled):
+                self.kill()
+
        logger.info("Received signal %s. Shutting down.", Signals(signal).name)
        self.monitor_publisher.send(None)
        self.shutdown()
@@ -209,6 +296,7 @@ class WorkerManager:
        for process in self.processes:
            if process.is_alive():
                process.terminate()
+        self._shutting_down = True

    @property
    def pid(self):
@@ -221,3 +309,13 @@ class WorkerManager:
            if worker_state.get("server")
        ]
        return all(acked) and len(acked) == self.num_server
+
+    def _sync_states(self):
+        for process in self.processes:
+            try:
+                state = self.worker_state[process.name].get("state")
+            except KeyError:
+                process.set_state(ProcessState.TERMINATED, True)
+                continue
+            if state and process.state.name != state:
+                process.set_state(ProcessState[state], True)
--- a/sanic/worker/multiplexer.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/multiplexer.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
 from os import environ, getpid
 from typing import Any, Dict

+from sanic.log import Colors, logger
 from sanic.worker.process import ProcessState
 from sanic.worker.state import WorkerState

@@ -16,12 +17,23 @@ class WorkerMultiplexer:
        self._state = WorkerState(worker_state, self.name)

    def ack(self):
+        logger.debug(
+            f"{Colors.BLUE}Process ack: {Colors.BOLD}{Colors.SANIC}"
+            f"%s {Colors.BLUE}[%s]{Colors.END}",
+            self.name,
+            self.pid,
+        )
        self._state._state[self.name] = {
            **self._state._state[self.name],
            "state": ProcessState.ACKED.name,
        }

-    def restart(self, name: str = "", all_workers: bool = False):
+    def restart(
+        self,
+        name: str = "",
+        all_workers: bool = False,
+        zero_downtime: bool = False,
+    ):
        if name and all_workers:
            raise ValueError(
                "Ambiguous restart with both a named process and"
@@ -29,10 +41,18 @@ class WorkerMultiplexer:
            )
        if not name:
            name = "__ALL_PROCESSES__:" if all_workers else self.name
+        if not name.endswith(":"):
+            name += ":"
+        if zero_downtime:
+            name += ":STARTUP_FIRST"
        self._monitor_publisher.send(name)

    reload = restart  # no cov

+    def scale(self, num_workers: int):
+        message = f"__SCALE__:{num_workers}"
+        self._monitor_publisher.send(message)
+
    def terminate(self, early: bool = False):
        message = "__TERMINATE_EARLY__" if early else "__TERMINATE__"
        self._monitor_publisher.send(message)
--- a/sanic/worker/process.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/process.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import os

 from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from enum import IntEnum, auto
 from multiprocessing.context import BaseContext
 from signal import SIGINT
 from threading import Thread
+from time import sleep
 from typing import Any, Dict, Set

-from sanic.constants import RestartOrder
 from sanic.log import Colors, logger
+from sanic.worker.constants import ProcessState, RestartOrder


 def get_now():
@@ -16,35 +16,17 @@ def get_now():
    return now


-class ProcessState(IntEnum):
-    IDLE = auto()
-    RESTARTING = auto()
-    STARTING = auto()
-    STARTED = auto()
-    ACKED = auto()
-    JOINED = auto()
-    TERMINATED = auto()
-
-
 class WorkerProcess:
+    THRESHOLD = 300  # == 30 seconds
    SERVER_LABEL = "Server"

-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        factory,
-        name,
-        target,
-        kwargs,
-        worker_state,
-        restart_order: RestartOrder,
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, factory, name, target, kwargs, worker_state):
        self.state = ProcessState.IDLE
        self.factory = factory
        self.name = name
        self.target = target
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        self.worker_state = worker_state
-        self.restart_order = restart_order
        if self.name not in self.worker_state:
            self.worker_state[self.name] = {
                "server": self.SERVER_LABEL in self.name
@@ -99,7 +81,7 @@ class WorkerProcess:
            except (KeyError, AttributeError, ProcessLookupError):
                ...

-    def restart(self, **kwargs):
+    def restart(self, restart_order=RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST, **kwargs):
        logger.debug(
            f"{Colors.BLUE}Restarting a process: {Colors.BOLD}{Colors.SANIC}"
            f"%s {Colors.BLUE}[%s]{Colors.END}",
@@ -107,7 +89,7 @@ class WorkerProcess:
            self.pid,
        )
        self.set_state(ProcessState.RESTARTING, force=True)
-        if self.restart_order is RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST:
+        if restart_order is RestartOrder.SHUTDOWN_FIRST:
            self._terminate_now()
        else:
            self._old_process = self._current_process
@@ -120,7 +102,7 @@ class WorkerProcess:
        except AttributeError:
            raise RuntimeError("Restart failed")

-        if self.restart_order is RestartOrder.STARTUP_FIRST:
+        if restart_order is RestartOrder.STARTUP_FIRST:
            self._terminate_soon()

        self.worker_state[self.name] = {
@@ -130,6 +112,26 @@ class WorkerProcess:
            "restart_at": get_now(),
        }

+    def is_alive(self):
+        try:
+            return self._current_process.is_alive()
+        except AssertionError:
+            return False
+
+    def spawn(self):
+        if self.state not in (ProcessState.IDLE, ProcessState.RESTARTING):
+            raise Exception("Cannot spawn a worker process until it is idle.")
+        self._current_process = self.factory(
+            name=self.name,
+            target=self.target,
+            kwargs=self.kwargs,
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self):
+        return self._current_process.pid
+
    def _terminate_now(self):
        logger.debug(
            f"{Colors.BLUE}Begin restart termination: "
@@ -159,9 +161,15 @@ class WorkerProcess:
            self.name,
            self._old_process.pid,
        )
-        # TODO: Add a timeout?
+        misses = 0
        while self.state is not ProcessState.ACKED:
-            ...
+            sleep(0.1)
+            misses += 1
+            if misses > self.THRESHOLD:
+                raise TimeoutError(
+                    f"Worker {self.name} failed to come ack within "
+                    f"{self.THRESHOLD / 10} seconds"
+                )
        else:
            logger.debug(
                f"{Colors.BLUE}Process acked. Terminating: "
@@ -173,26 +181,6 @@ class WorkerProcess:
            self._old_process.terminate()
        delattr(self, "_old_process")

-    def is_alive(self):
-        try:
-            return self._current_process.is_alive()
-        except AssertionError:
-            return False
-
-    def spawn(self):
-        if self.state not in (ProcessState.IDLE, ProcessState.RESTARTING):
-            raise Exception("Cannot spawn a worker process until it is idle.")
-        self._current_process = self.factory(
-            name=self.name,
-            target=self.target,
-            kwargs=self.kwargs,
-            daemon=True,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def pid(self):
-        return self._current_process.pid
-

 class Worker:
    WORKER_PREFIX = "Sanic-"
@@ -204,25 +192,29 @@ class Worker:
        server_settings,
        context: BaseContext,
        worker_state: Dict[str, Any],
-        restart_order: RestartOrder,
+        num: int = 1,
    ):
-        self.ident = f"{self.WORKER_PREFIX}{ident}"
+        self.ident = ident
+        self.num = num
        self.context = context
        self.serve = serve
        self.server_settings = server_settings
        self.worker_state = worker_state
        self.processes: Set[WorkerProcess] = set()
-        self.restart_order = restart_order
-        self.create_process()
+        for _ in range(num):
+            self.create_process()

    def create_process(self) -> WorkerProcess:
        process = WorkerProcess(
-            factory=self.context.Process,
-            name=f"{self.ident}-{len(self.processes)}",
+            # Need to ignore this typing error - The problem is the
+            # BaseContext itself has no Process. But, all of its
+            # implementations do. We can safely ignore as it is a typing
+            # issue in the standard lib.
+            factory=self.context.Process,  # type: ignore
+            name=f"{self.WORKER_PREFIX}{self.ident}-{len(self.processes)}",
            target=self.serve,
            kwargs={**self.server_settings},
            worker_state=self.worker_state,
-            restart_order=self.restart_order,
        )
        self.processes.add(process)
        return process
--- a/sanic/worker/reloader.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/reloader.py
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader


 class Reloader:
+    INTERVAL = 1.0  # seconds
+
    def __init__(
        self,
        publisher: Connection,
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ class Reloader:
        app_loader: AppLoader,
    ):
        self._publisher = publisher
-        self.interval = interval
+        self.interval = interval or self.INTERVAL
        self.reload_dirs = reload_dirs
        self.run = True
        self.app_loader = app_loader
--- a/sanic/worker/serve.py
+++ b/sanic/worker/serve.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from sanic.server.protocols.http_protocol import HttpProtocol
 from sanic.server.runners import _serve_http_1, _serve_http_3
 from sanic.worker.loader import AppLoader, CertLoader
 from sanic.worker.multiplexer import WorkerMultiplexer
+from sanic.worker.process import Worker, WorkerProcess


 def worker_serve(
@@ -72,14 +73,17 @@ def worker_serve(
                            info.settings["app"] = a
                        a.state.server_info.append(info)

-        if isinstance(ssl, dict):
-            cert_loader = CertLoader(ssl)
+        if isinstance(ssl, dict) or app.certloader_class is not CertLoader:
+            cert_loader = app.certloader_class(ssl or {})
            ssl = cert_loader.load(app)
            for info in app.state.server_info:
                info.settings["ssl"] = ssl

        # When in a worker process, do some init
-        if os.environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_NAME"):
+        worker_name = os.environ.get("SANIC_WORKER_NAME")
+        if worker_name and worker_name.startswith(
+            Worker.WORKER_PREFIX + WorkerProcess.SERVER_LABEL
+        ):
            # Hydrate apps with any passed server info

            if monitor_publisher is None:
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys

-from distutils.util import strtobool
-
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand

@@ -38,6 +36,27 @@ def open_local(paths, mode="r", encoding="utf8"):
    return codecs.open(path, mode, encoding)


+def str_to_bool(val: str) -> bool:
+    val = val.lower()
+    if val in {
+        "y",
+        "yes",
+        "yep",
+        "yup",
+        "t",
+        "true",
+        "on",
+        "enable",
+        "enabled",
+        "1",
+    }:
+        return True
+    elif val in {"n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "disable", "disabled", "0"}:
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid truth value {val}")
+
+
 with open_local(["sanic", "__version__.py"], encoding="latin1") as fp:
    try:
        version = re.findall(
@@ -62,7 +81,7 @@ setup_kwargs = {
    ),
    "long_description": long_description,
    "packages": find_packages(exclude=("tests", "tests.*")),
-    "package_data": {"sanic": ["py.typed"]},
+    "package_data": {"sanic": ["py.typed", "pages/styles/*"]},
    "platforms": "any",
    "python_requires": ">=3.7",
    "classifiers": [
@@ -73,6 +92,7 @@ setup_kwargs = {
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    ],
    "entry_points": {"console_scripts": ["sanic = sanic.__main__:main"]},
 }
@@ -91,10 +111,12 @@ requirements = [
    "aiofiles>=0.6.0",
    "websockets>=10.0",
    "multidict>=5.0,<7.0",
+    "html5tagger>=1.2.1",
+    "tracerite>=1.0.0",
 ]

 tests_require = [
-    "sanic-testing>=22.9.0",
+    "sanic-testing>=23.3.0",
    "pytest==7.1.*",
    "coverage",
    "beautifulsoup4",
@@ -131,13 +153,13 @@ dev_require = tests_require + [

 all_require = list(set(dev_require + docs_require))

-if strtobool(os.environ.get("SANIC_NO_UJSON", "no")):
+if str_to_bool(os.environ.get("SANIC_NO_UJSON", "no")):
    print("Installing without uJSON")
    requirements.remove(ujson)
    tests_require.remove(types_ujson)

 # 'nt' means windows OS
-if strtobool(os.environ.get("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no")):
+if str_to_bool(os.environ.get("SANIC_NO_UVLOOP", "no")):
    print("Installing without uvLoop")
    requirements.remove(uvloop)

--- a/tests/certs/password/fullchain.pem
+++ b/tests/certs/password/fullchain.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
--- a/tests/certs/password/privkey.pem
+++ b/tests/certs/password/privkey.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
+import inspect
 import logging
+import os
 import random
 import re
 import string
@@ -8,8 +10,8 @@ import uuid

 from contextlib import suppress
 from logging import LogRecord
-from typing import List, Tuple
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch

 import pytest

@@ -54,11 +56,10 @@ TYPE_TO_GENERATOR_MAP = {
    "uuid": lambda: str(uuid.uuid1()),
 }

-CACHE = {}
+CACHE: Dict[str, Any] = {}


 class RouteStringGenerator:
-
    ROUTE_COUNT_PER_DEPTH = 100
    HTTP_METHODS = HTTP_METHODS
    ROUTE_PARAM_TYPES = ["str", "int", "float", "alpha", "uuid"]
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ def app(request):
        for target, method_name in TouchUp._registry:
            CACHE[method_name] = getattr(target, method_name)
    app = Sanic(slugify.sub("-", request.node.name))
+
    yield app
    for target, method_name in TouchUp._registry:
        setattr(target, method_name, CACHE[method_name])
@@ -220,3 +222,23 @@ def sanic_ext(ext_instance):  # noqa
    yield sanic_ext
    with suppress(KeyError):
        del sys.modules["sanic_ext"]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def urlopen():
+    urlopen = Mock()
+    urlopen.return_value = urlopen
+    urlopen.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=urlopen)
+    urlopen.__exit__ = Mock()
+    urlopen.read = Mock()
+    with patch("sanic.cli.inspector_client.urlopen", urlopen):
+        yield urlopen
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def static_file_directory():
+    """The static directory to serve"""
+    current_file = inspect.getfile(inspect.currentframe())
+    current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(current_file))
+    static_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, "static")
+    return static_directory
--- a/tests/fake/server.py
+++ b/tests/fake/server.py
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ def create_app_with_args(args):
    try:
        logger.info(f"foo={args.foo}")
    except AttributeError:
-        logger.info(f"module={args.module}")
+        logger.info(f"target={args.target}")

    return app
--- a/tests/http3/test_http_receiver.py
+++ b/tests/http3/test_http_receiver.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from aioquic.quic.events import ProtocolNegotiated
 from sanic import Request, Sanic
 from sanic.compat import Header
 from sanic.config import DEFAULT_CONFIG
-from sanic.exceptions import PayloadTooLarge
+from sanic.exceptions import BadRequest, PayloadTooLarge
 from sanic.http.constants import Stage
 from sanic.http.http3 import Http3, HTTPReceiver
 from sanic.models.server_types import ConnInfo
@@ -292,3 +292,48 @@ def test_request_conn_info(app):
    receiver = http3.get_receiver_by_stream_id(1)

    assert isinstance(receiver.request.conn_info, ConnInfo)
+
+
+def test_request_header_encoding(app):
+    protocol = generate_protocol(app)
+    http3 = Http3(protocol, protocol.transmit)
+    with pytest.raises(BadRequest) as exc_info:
+        http3.http_event_received(
+            HeadersReceived(
+                [
+                    (b":method", b"GET"),
+                    (b":path", b"/location"),
+                    (b":scheme", b"https"),
+                    (b":authority", b"localhost:8443"),
+                    ("foo\u00A0".encode(), b"bar"),
+                ],
+                1,
+                False,
+            )
+        )
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 400
+    assert (
+        str(exc_info.value)
+        == "Header names may only contain US-ASCII characters."
+    )
+
+
+def test_request_url_encoding(app):
+    protocol = generate_protocol(app)
+    http3 = Http3(protocol, protocol.transmit)
+    with pytest.raises(BadRequest) as exc_info:
+        http3.http_event_received(
+            HeadersReceived(
+                [
+                    (b":method", b"GET"),
+                    (b":path", b"/location\xA0"),
+                    (b":scheme", b"https"),
+                    (b":authority", b"localhost:8443"),
+                    (b"foo", b"bar"),
+                ],
+                1,
+                False,
+            )
+        )
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 400
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "URL may only contain US-ASCII characters."
--- a/tests/test_app.py
+++ b/tests/test_app.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ def test_app_loop_running(app: Sanic):
    assert response.text == "pass"


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_asyncio_server(app: Sanic):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(return_asyncio_server=True)
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ def test_create_asyncio_server(app: Sanic):
    assert srv.is_serving() is True


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_asyncio_server_no_start_serving(app: Sanic):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ def test_asyncio_server_no_start_serving(app: Sanic):
    assert srv.is_serving() is False


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_asyncio_server_start_serving(app: Sanic):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ def test_asyncio_server_start_serving(app: Sanic):
    # Looks like we can't easily test `serve_forever()`


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_main(app: Sanic, caplog):
    app.listener("main_process_start")(lambda *_: ...)
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ def test_create_server_main(app: Sanic, caplog):
    ) in caplog.record_tuples


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_no_startup(app: Sanic):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    asyncio_srv_coro = app.create_server(
@@ -101,6 +106,7 @@ def test_create_server_no_startup(app: Sanic):
        loop.run_until_complete(srv.start_serving())


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_create_server_main_convenience(app: Sanic, caplog):
    app.main_process_start(lambda *_: ...)
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
@@ -126,7 +132,6 @@ def test_app_loop_not_running(app: Sanic):


 def test_app_run_raise_type_error(app: Sanic):
-
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as excinfo:
        app.run(loop="loop")

@@ -139,7 +144,6 @@ def test_app_run_raise_type_error(app: Sanic):


 def test_app_route_raise_value_error(app: Sanic):
-
    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:

        @app.route("/test")
@@ -221,7 +225,6 @@ def test_app_websocket_parameters(websocket_protocol_mock, app: Sanic):


 def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
-
    err_msg = "Mock Exception"

    def mock_error_handler_response(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -241,7 +244,6 @@ def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):


 def test_handle_request_with_nested_exception_debug(app: Sanic, monkeypatch):
-
    err_msg = "Mock Exception"

    def mock_error_handler_response(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -348,12 +350,14 @@ def test_app_registry_retrieval_from_multiple():
 def test_get_app_does_not_exist():
    with pytest.raises(
        SanicException,
-        match="Sanic app name 'does-not-exist' not found.\n"
-        "App instantiation must occur outside "
-        "if __name__ == '__main__' "
-        "block or by using an AppLoader.\nSee "
-        "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/app-loader.html"
-        " for more details.",
+        match=(
+            "Sanic app name 'does-not-exist' not found.\n"
+            "App instantiation must occur outside "
+            "if __name__ == '__main__' "
+            "block or by using an AppLoader.\nSee "
+            "https://sanic.dev/en/guide/deployment/app-loader.html"
+            " for more details."
+        ),
    ):
        Sanic.get_app("does-not-exist")

@@ -444,7 +448,7 @@ def test_custom_context():

@pytest.mark.parametrize("use", (False, True))
 def test_uvloop_config(app: Sanic, monkeypatch, use):
-    @app.get("/test")
+    @app.get("/test", name="test")
    def handler(request):
        return text("ok")

@@ -468,6 +472,7 @@ def test_uvloop_config(app: Sanic, monkeypatch, use):
        try_use_uvloop.assert_not_called()


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_uvloop_cannot_never_called_with_create_server(caplog, monkeypatch):
    apps = (Sanic("default-uvloop"), Sanic("no-uvloop"), Sanic("yes-uvloop"))

@@ -504,6 +509,7 @@ def test_uvloop_cannot_never_called_with_create_server(caplog, monkeypatch):
    assert counter[(logging.WARNING, message)] == modified


+@pytest.mark.asyncio
 def test_multiple_uvloop_configs_display_warning(caplog):
    Sanic._uvloop_setting = None  # Reset the setting (changed in prev tests)

@@ -565,21 +571,6 @@ def test_cannot_run_single_process_and_workers_or_auto_reload(
        app.run(single_process=True, **extra)


-def test_cannot_run_single_process_and_legacy(app: Sanic):
-    message = "Cannot run single process and legacy mode"
-    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=message):
-        app.run(single_process=True, legacy=True)
-
-
-def test_cannot_run_without_sys_signals_with_workers(app: Sanic):
-    message = (
-        "Cannot run Sanic.serve with register_sys_signals=False. "
-        "Use either Sanic.serve_single or Sanic.serve_legacy."
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=message):
-        app.run(register_sys_signals=False, single_process=False, legacy=False)
-
-
 def test_default_configure_logging():
    with patch("sanic.app.logging") as mock:
        Sanic("Test")
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Adam Hopkins	6eaab2a7e5	Release 23.3 (#2723 )	2023-03-26 22:54:28 +03:00
Adam Hopkins	d680af3709	v23.3 Deprecation Removal (#2717 )	2023-03-26 15:24:08 +03:00
Adam Hopkins	a8c2d77c91	Sync state tolerance (#2725 )	2023-03-26 08:39:59 +03:00
Adam Hopkins	6e1c787e5d	Simpler CLI targets (#2700 ) Co-authored-by: L. Kärkkäinen <98187+Tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2023-03-21 20:50:25 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	932088e37e	Stricter charset handling and escaping of request URLs (#2710 ) Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2023-03-21 19:55:21 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	1a63b9bec0	Add convenience methods for cookie creation and deletion (#2706 ) * Add convenience methods for cookie creation and deletion * Restore del * Backwards compat, forward thinking * Add delitem deprecation notice * Add get full deprecation notice * Add deprecation docstring * Better deprecation docstring * Add has_cookie * Same defaults * Better deprecation message * Accessor annotations * make pretty * parse cookies * Revert quote translator * make pretty * make pretty * Add unit tests * Make pretty * Fix unit tests * Directly include unquote * Add some more unit tests * Move modules into their own dir * make pretty * cleanup test imports * Add test for cookie accessor * Make test consistent * Remove file * Remove additional escaping * Add header style getattr for hyphens * Add test for cookie accessor with hyphens * Add new translator * Parametrize test_request_with_duplicate_cookie_key * make pretty * Add deprecation of direct cookie encoding * Speedup Cookie creation * Implement prefixes on delete_cookie * typing changes * Add passthru functions on response objects for setting cookies * Add test for passthru --------- Co-authored-by: L. Kärkkäinen <98187+Tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2023-03-21 11:25:35 +02:00
Zhiwei	61aa16f6ac	Decode headers as UTF-8 also in ASGI (#2606 ) Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com>	2023-03-20 15:39:57 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	71cd53b64e	Standardize init of exceptions (#2545 )	2023-03-20 14:50:50 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	89188f5fc6	Add CertLoader as application option (#2722 )	2023-03-20 14:05:21 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	a245ab3773	Change logging format to %s (#2721 )	2023-03-20 13:25:06 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	ac1f56118a	Skip middleware on RequestCancelled (#2720 )	2023-03-20 13:00:34 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	53820bc241	Allow password to be passed to TLS context (#2719 )	2023-03-20 12:34:36 +02:00
stricaud	009954003c	Fix comparison from wrong formats with datetime objects (#2697 ) Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com>	2023-03-20 12:12:09 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	8f265b8169	Add convenience for dynamic changes to routing (#2704 )	2023-03-19 15:40:58 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	5ee36fd933	Separate ASGI request and lifespan callables (#2646 )	2023-03-17 09:05:33 +02:00
Matt Bendiksen	08a81c81be	scheme arg to create the redirect should be 'https' (#2712 )	2023-03-16 12:13:17 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	5a0ed75171	Consume body on DELETE by default (#2711 )	2023-03-15 18:42:45 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	d62a92fac9	API to define a number of workers (#2701 )	2023-03-15 16:02:17 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	88c918e72f	Update rfc.yml	2023-03-09 10:10:22 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	c8aab8fb3d	Update rfc.yml	2023-03-09 10:09:30 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	ecacfd396b	Rename rfc to rfc.yml	2023-03-09 10:06:42 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	3c361e9852	Create rfc	2023-03-09 10:05:06 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	a5d7d03413	Nicer traceback formatting (#2667 ) Co-authored-by: L. Kärkkäinen <98187+Tronic@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com> Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: SML <smlbiobot@gmail.com>	2023-03-06 21:24:12 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	259e458847	Simplified parse_content_header escaping (#2707 )	2023-03-06 06:39:16 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	cb49c2b26d	Add header accessors (#2696 )	2023-02-28 00:26:53 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	dfc0704831	Error page rendering format selection (#2668 ) Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com> Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2023-02-26 08:25:10 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	d238995f1b	Refresh Request.accept functionality (#2687 )	2023-02-21 08:22:51 +02:00
Mohammad Almoghrabi	6f5303e080	check the status of socket before shutting down (#2680 ) * check the status of socket before shutting down * remove socket status checking & ignore OSError exception	2023-02-14 22:59:41 +02:00
Ryu Juheon	5e7f6998bd	fix(websocket): ASGI websocket must pass thru bytes as is (#2651 )	2023-02-05 16:41:54 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	c7a71cd00c	Use FALLBACK_ERROR_FORMAT for handlers that return empty() (#2659 ) Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Adam Hopkins <adam@amhopkins.com>	2023-02-05 15:29:01 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	9cb9e88678	Establish basic file browser and index fallback (#2662 ) Co-authored-by: L. Kärkkäinen <98187+Tronic@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2023-02-05 15:09:04 +02:00
Rodolfo Olivieri	30c53b6857	Remove deprecated property in blueprint (#2666 ) Fixes https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic/issues/2442	2023-01-30 09:26:55 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	4ad8168bb0	Version 22.12 release notes (#2637 )	2022-12-27 16:50:36 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	28f5b3c301	Add better inspector arg parsing (#2642 )	2022-12-26 12:27:40 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	c573019e7f	ASGI websocket recv text or bytes (#2640 )	2022-12-25 13:52:07 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	029f564032	Pass unquote thru add_route (#2639 )	2022-12-21 10:45:23 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	2abe66b670	Add priority to register_middleware method (#2636 )	2022-12-19 19:14:46 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	911485d52e	Fix Windows sock share (#2635 )	2022-12-18 15:04:10 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	4744a89c33	Fix double ctrl-c kill (#2634 )	2022-12-18 14:40:38 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	f7040ccec8	Implement restart ordering (#2632 )	2022-12-18 14:09:17 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	518152d97e	Reload interval on class variable (#2633 )	2022-12-18 13:36:54 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	0e44e9cacb	Move to HTTP Inspector (#2626 )	2022-12-18 10:29:58 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	bfb54b0969	Test for 3.11 support (#2612 ) Co-authored-by: Zhiwei <zhi.wei.liang@outlook.com>	2022-12-17 23:46:22 +02:00
Zhiwei	154863d6c6	Method Signal Handler Test (#2630 )	2022-12-17 20:38:46 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	a3ff0c13b7	ASGI lifespan failure on exception (#2627 )	2022-12-16 08:56:07 +02:00
Mary	95ee518aec	Replace deprecated distutils.strtobool (#2628 )	2022-12-16 07:48:41 +02:00
Zhiwei	71d3d87bcc	Deprecate Conditions and Triggers Saved in `handler` Callable; Save Condition in `signal.extra` Instead (#2608 )	2022-12-15 12:32:07 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	b276b91c21	Allow fork in limited cases (#2624 )	2022-12-15 11:49:26 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	064168f3c8	Add a SIGKILL to second ctrl+c (#2621 )	2022-12-14 23:51:11 +02:00
Adam Hopkins	db39e127bf	Scale workers (#2617 )	2022-12-13 09:28:23 +02:00
L. Kärkkäinen	13e9ab7ba9	Filename normalisation of form-data/multipart file uploads (umlauts on Apple clients) (#2625 ) Co-authored-by: L. Karkkainen <tronic@users.noreply.github.com>	2022-12-13 08:36:21 +02:00